Purpose: This study investigates English studies in Nigerian universities and the implications of such studies on nation-building. Method: Fifty (50) research instruments (questionnaires) were administered to three categories of respondents: Nigerian undergraduates (15 questionnaires); academic staff of Nigerian universities (15 questionnaires); employers of labour in Nigeria (10 questionnaires); employees in Nigeria (10 questionnaires). The theoretical underpinning of this study is the Sociology of Language Approach. Results: The analysis reveals that: the importance of English studies in Nigeria is widely acknowledged; different factors bedevil English studies in Nigerian universities; and formal education fails to accomplish the goals of English studies in Nigeria. Conclusion: In this study, literacy in English is “the ability to use the English language with significant proficiency in spoken and written communications, such that graduates of Nigerian universities can perform satisfactorily at work-places, irrespective of their disciplines.” In Nigeria, literacy level in English is not satisfactory, and this situation hinders nation-building. Given the significance of English studies all over the world and in Nigeria in particular, all stakeholders should foster the teaching and learning of the English language.

This paper addresses the importance of kinesitherapy in improving coxarthrosis. Coxarthrosis is also known under the names of hip arthrosis and hip osteoarthrosis and it represents a degradation of the hip joints caused by a morphological and functional lack of balance, being the most frequent hip disorder. The aim of this work is to propose a kinesitherapy programme that slows down the evolution of joint injuries, in the presence of a physical therapist, but also a potential use of the respective programme in the situation of the necessity of an intervention through kinesitherapy in the absence of a specialised physical therapist, because in progressive degenerative diseases, patients are obliged to continue their programme at home. Following the development of the experimental kinetic programme, the subjects were evaluated by means of the Lequesne questionnaire for hip arthrosis, the control of active and passive joint mobility; global muscular power was tested, and on the basis of Trendelenburg’s sign.

Objectives: The study was planned to evaluate the role of morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in determining sexual dimorphism. Also, we have compared the measurement of foramen magnum with age of individual. Material & Methods: study was retrospectively and scans of CBCT were retrieved from archives of department. Length and width of foramen magnum in adults was measured. The data was statistically analyzed. Results: Mean length and width of foramen magnum was greater in males (34.65mm, 31.22mm) as compare to females (33.59mm, 30.11mm) and it was statistically significant (p<0.05). Mean length decreased in dimension i.e. from 35.22mm to 33.73mm as age progressed (18-60 years). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism can be determined using foramen magnum dimensions. However, age estimation by morphometric analysis of foramen magnum requires more research.

Claim has always been made that thought and language are inseparatable phenomena. Accordingly, major debate has revolved around the dependence or interdependence of language and thought. Based on linguistic relativity hypothesis, our perception of reality depends on the language we speak. The counterclaim has also been made that languages are not so much different and this makes us skeptical of the idea that their speakers have different thoughts. Some hold the belief that language may not serve a proper medium for thought, mentioning extralinguistic drawbacks such as ambiguity, deixis, and co-reference. All in all, it seems rational to maintain that thought and language have compromised to coexist and attempts to prioritize one over the other are mythical if not too much simplistic.

Objectives: The study was done to evaluate efficacy of chemiluminescent method (vizilite) as a screening test in detecting the malignant changes in potentially malignant lesions of oral cavity. Study also compares sensitivity and specificity of toludiene blue with chemiluminescent method. Materials & methods: 30 patients clinically diagnosed as potentially malignant lesions of oral cavity were recruited. After obtaining consent form, all patients were subjected chemiluminescent method and toludiene blue. All patients were then compared with histopathological results and statistically analyzed. Results: After histopathological results, Sensitivity and specificity of vizilite was found to be 66.6% and 71.4% respectively and that of toluidine blue was 77% and 87%. Conclusion: Although vizilite accentuated the visibility of the lesion but overall detection rate in patients was not significantly improved. Qualities like easy to perform, less time consuming and instant results concur with the properties of an ideal screening test but diagnostic propensity is questionable.

Aim: This research is aimed at the comparison of the amount of weekly physical activity of professional soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic (soldiers of the 7th mechanized brigade) during an ordinary week spent in the garrison and during a week of continuous field training. Methodology: The observed group was made up of 48 professional soldier volunteers in the age range of 30.12 ± 4.84 years. The measurement has been performed continuously during the time span of one week. Physical activity has been measured with the utilization of the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers supplemented with the use of a weekly physical activity protocol. Results: Based on the results it is possible to infer that no difference has been found between the amount of weekly physical activity of the soldiers during a week spent in garrison and during a week of continuous field training in a military training area. The level of physical activity has been sufficient during both of the weeks. The average active energy expenditure has been 18.27 kcal higher during the week of continuous field training. The average active power has been 5.06 kcal/hour higher during the ordinary week spent in garrison. Conclusion: Based on the values of average daily step count during an ordinary week in the garrison and during a week of continuous field training the soldiers´ activity can be categorized as regular medium intensity movement without competitive sport activity (Máček et al., 2010) and meets the healthy recommended value of number of steps per day (Aoyagi & Shephard, 2009).

Stem cells are biological cells that are undifferentiated and can be differentiate into specialized cells. They are of embryonic or adult stem cell. Another classification is dental pulp and bone marrow- derived. Bone marrow type stem cells are commonly used for regenerative procedures in prosthodontics. They have excellent regenerative ability without neoplasm formation. They help to build the bone structures of the craniofacial region, particularly the maxilla and mandible. Stem cell therapy can revolutionize next era in regenerative prosthodontics.

Self-medication is taking any therapeutic drug without doctor's prescription. This practice is a potentially hazardous public health problem. It is commonly practiced in India as it provides a low-cost alternative treatment. Our objective was to find out the correlation between self-medication in medical vs. nonmedical students. It was a cross-sectional study, carried out using a pre-validated, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, a medical and a anon-medical undergraduate group consisting of 100 students each. Established statistical methods were used for analysis. It was found that 68% of the medical students self-medicated compared to 48% of the non-medical counterparts, higher in females. Awareness about side-effects, disadvantages, need of correct dosage and importance of course completion was more among the medicos. Upon analyzing the data from medical and non-medical groups we observed that most of them cited mild illness (82% and 69% respectively) as a reason for self-medication. Common-cold was the most common complaint and antipyretics (78% and 77% respectively) were the most commonly taken drug. Drug stores (78%) were the primary sources of obtaining medicines, while previous medication experience from the same illness was the main source of knowledge of dosage. More than 50% participants supported the use of self-medication in the treatment of common illnesses. Conclusion is that main reason of self-medication among medical students can be a better knowledge and understanding about the various aspects of medication, reflecting the influence of medical training and studies. However, an incomplete knowledge and understanding makes self-medication a potentially harmful practice.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection primarily caused by fungi belongs to class Zygomycetes, order Mucorales and family Mucoracae. It is common in patient with diabetes mellitus (DM), systemic immunocompromise and iron overload. Here by we present a case report of Rhino- Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis which is fatal if undiagnosed and unterated in correct time and way.

The paper discusses walkability in low-income areas of the small Libyan cities, specifically in the city of Zawiya, which borders the capital, Tripoli. The purpose of this study is to explore executive methods of how to implement the walkability of the city, as an element of urban design that is concerned with city design. The city began preparing a comprehensive development strategy after years of neglect and civil war. The sustainable ways approach is encouraged in the areas of environmental, social and economic development. The municipality pursues the development of the city center and its urban areas such as streets, squares and parks. It also aims to link streets, reduce cars, and promote pedestrians to strengthen social ties and promote culture. The researcher aims to help the municipality and draw up a plan to develop the streets and transform them into more vital places. The study is based on the spatial data analysis approach through the analysis of traditional geographic data.

Freewriting is defined as timed writing without stopping and checking grammar, format, and structures, and has not only been used as a powerful tool for developing student writing in educational contexts but also as therapy. However, freewriting is often used in writers’ first language and relatively less used in their second language. This article will, therefore, explore whether the benefits of freewriting will offset the anxiety of writing in a second language in EFL classes. It was conducted in a three-credit writing course designed to help students master effective English writing skills and strategies. Eighteen freshmen of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures were required to do freewriting in the first thirty minutes of each week for fifteen weeks and were asked to write a reflection on freewriting in the eighteenth week. Of the eighteen students, seventeen of them positively comment on freewriting practices and revealed some beneficial effect, which shows that freewriting can be a powerful teaching tool in English writing courses for EFL classes.

The topic of the study was to analyze working capital management on profitability of Consumer goods industries in Rwanda. The problem of the study was looking on how does working capital management could be a channel of profitability of consumer goods industries especially in Rwanda. The objectives of the study were to find out the extent to how inventory management affect the profitability of consumer goods industry, to evaluate the effectiveness of cash management on the profitability of consumer goods industry; and to analyze the influences of account receivable management on the profitability of consumer goods industries. The methodology used questionnaire, and documentary techniques, while methods of data analysis were descriptive statistic and linear regression analysis methods. Target population was 585 employees, while sample size was 59 of respondents from Bralirwa Plc, Skol industry and Urwibutso Enterprise as selected consumer goods industries in Rwanda. However, the findings of this study were presented in accordance with research objectives. Then, the results on the effects of Inventory management on the profitability of consumer goods industries were on the table 5 which confirmed in consumer goods industries, they make sure that every product needed to be sold on market is available in stock as confirmed on the rate of 93.2%, and also the store room is well maintained in order to keep well goods on rate of 93.2%. The findings on the effectiveness of cash management on the Profitability of Consumer goods industries were on table 6 which shown that petty cash is always available for solving little payments as confirmed by 96.6% of respondents. Cash are always disbursed after being approved by official workers was confirmed by 93.2% of respondents. The results on the influences of account receivable management on the profitability of Consumer goods industries were shown on table 7 that illustrated debts were only given after assessing the capacity of the

The most disturbing gynecologic malignancies are cervical cancer particularly in the developing world with the same high incidence in Iraqi women. Cervical carcinoma has a high rate of mortality. The high death rate is associated with presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Cervical carcinoma is hard to treat, and conventional therapies are very aggressive which lead for the need for new approaches of therapy. Nanoparticles is a promising treatment modality to produce non-toxic and efficient cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) accumulate in cancer cells selectively. The current work was aimed to study cytotoxicity and cell death induced by AuNPs on cervical carcinoma cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity of AuNPs was assessed by MTT viability assay and analysed using multiple comparison ANOVA tests. Results: AuNPs nanoparticles from 12.5 up to 50 µg/mL for 72 hours showed concentration-dependent killing activity. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles have anti-cervical carcinoma cells activity by cell death induction.

The paper explores the historical panorama of the personal law system in India and scrutinizes the social and political factors that contributed towards the expansion and preservation of personal laws in India over the period of time.

Facial trauma, with or without life- and sight-threatening complications, may arise following isolated injury, or it may be associated with significant injuries elsewhere. Trauma management has evolved significantly in the past few decades thereby reducing mortality in the golden hour. However, challenges remain, and one such area is maxillofacial injuries in a polytrauma patient. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to formulate an evidence-based approach to the treatment of life-threatening maxillofacial trauma. This review article aims to provide a concise, contemporary guide for the knowledge about complications and treatment of maxillofacial trauma in the emergency setting.