Background: Metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) is defined as the ratio of number of positive lymph nodes (LNs) or LNM to total nodes harvested (LNH). Recent studies have suggested that MLR is more accurate in predicting overall survival and recurrence‑free survival rate compared to the number of positive nodes alone. Materials and methods: Total 58 cases of primary organ malignancy were evaluated from June 2018 to June 2019 including Head and neck (HN), Breast, Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and Genitourinary tract (GUT) malignancy. Age, gender, LNH, LNM, MLR, tumor stage and tumor grade were accessed for each of the cases. Results: Out of total 58, there were 12, 33, 11 and 2 cases each of HN, Breast, GIT and GUT malignancy respectively. M:F ratio was 1:2.2. Maximum cases (39.6%) were seen in the age group of 35-45 years. 186 out of 530 LNs showed metastasis. Mean MLR for lymph node-positive cases were 0.3. Majority of HN malignancy cases (41.6%) were found in T1/T2 stage, breast malignancy cases (42.4%) in T2 stage, GIT malignancy cases (63.6%) in T3 stage, 50% of GUT malignancy cases in T3 and 50% were in T4 stage. Maximum well‑differentiated (10, 83.3%) cases belonged to HN, moderately (15, 45.4%) and poorly differentiated (18, 54.5%) to breast respectively. We found significant association of MLR with tumor stage and tumor grade. (p-value < 0.001) Conclusion: The routine inclusion of MLR in tumor reporting by pathologists may become a prognostic aid for clinicians along with TNM staging system.

Background: The aim was to compare platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width between pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnant women without a history of pregnancy loss. Methods: This was a prospective study to the evaluation of 70 pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and 70 pregnant women without a history of pregnancy loss in the first trimester. Results: It was observed that the mean RDW-SD of cases is higher i.e. 48.94 + 5.78 than controls i.e. 42.87 + 4.49. The mean RDW-CV values of cases and controls. It was observed that the mean RDW-CV of cases is higher i.e. 16.90 + 1.86 than controls i.e. 14.93 + 1.02. It was observed that the mean PDW of cases is higher i.e. 16.07 + 1.45 than controls i.e. 12.89 + 1.00. Conclusions: An increased platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width with recurrent pregnancy loss.

The aim of this research paper is to know the challenges faced by formal and informal sectors in disposing e-waste in Nairobi County. It also tried to identify the e-waste management strategies applied by formal and informal sectors in the county. A total of 400 personals were selected; 250 from informal sector, 150 from formal sectors. Simple random method was used to select the participants included in the sample and stratified sampling method was used to select the sectors involved in e-waste management from which the sample was selected. Questionnaires, environmental observation checklist and Interview guide were designed to ask members of the two sectors, the management strategies they apply and the challenges they face in managing e-waste. It was found that most of the e-waste was not disposed; instead it was stored in warehouses and the percentage disposed it was mainly poorly disposed. Factors which contributed to poor disposal and accumulation of e-waste in warehouses included: Lack of procedures of disposing specific e-waste and lack of information on where to take the WEEE. Different challenges affecting e-waste management strategies were also realized and included: Financial constraints, Disease, Lack of handling procedures, limited number of official dumpsites, access and infrastructure and lack of environmental awareness.

Inclusive education is brought about by having all children of society to become students of the same schools. So, inclusive education means, “The act of ensuring that all children despite their differences, receive the opportunity of being part of the same classroom as other children of their age, and in the procedure get the opportunity of being showing to the curriculum to their optimal potential”. Every child is special for his/her parent. And, every child has a special need for love, acceptance and a feeling of belongingness. However it gives them a whole perspective with respect to dealing with diversity or challenge negative attitudes. The trends and challenges in India are elucidated in the present paper.

The study has examined the Influence of strategic planning in improving academics in public Diploma Teachers Colleges in Tanzania. The study used mixed research methods, under concurrent triangulation design. The purpose of using this design was to bring together the differing strengths and non-overlapping weaknesses of quantitative methods with those of qualitative methods. The sample sizes of 10 colleges out of 35 public teachers Colleges with 140 respondents out of the entire population were selected for the research. The study sample comprised 30 Department Leaders, 10 College Principals/Vice Principals and 100 tutors. The study used three sampling techniques which were simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and convenience sampling. Data were collected through interview guide, document analysis guide; observation and questionnaires and Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented using frequency, distribution tables, and percentages and inferentially using Pearson correlation. The qualitative data was summarized, coded and analyzed by the research questions. Pilot testing of the research instruments were conducted in one of the teachers' college where the targeted respondents were given a questionnaire and interview guide. The findings of the study revealed that, majority of colleges that had put a strategic plan in place and incorporate students' academic issues had made considerable value-added progress on their students' academic performance.

Healthy food production is the main priority of food technology and dairy products which plays an important role in the household food basket. Traditional dairy products take a large part in the market and sometimes are causing transmission of various diseases to humans, particularly in the cheese market. Siahmazgi cheese is a type of traditional cheese, produced from raw milk in the north of Iran, and is getting increasingly popular. In this research, physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of five samples of bought traditional cheese and five samples of manufactured pasteurized cheese are studied on days 0, 30, and 60. The result of the physicochemical survey shows the solids content, pH, and fat contents of traditional and pasteurized cheese samples decreased over 60 days, but the difference was not always statistically significant. On the other hand, the protein and salt content of traditional and pasteurized cheeses significantly increased over 60 days (p<0.05). The protein and salt content were higher in traditional samples. The results also revealed that pasteurization eliminates pathogens from cheese whereas most of the traditional Siahmazgi cheeses were infected by Coliform, Escherichia coli, yeast-mold, and staphylococcus. There was not observed salmonella infection in any samples of traditional Siahmazgi cheeses. Sensory evaluation between pasteurized and traditional Siahmazgi cheese shows that only texture has significantly changed over 60 days and the other sensory features were the same.

Delegated legislation is one of the most debated practice in the domain of legal field. As it has various implications, experts all around the country have taken different stands on the issue. Even though it has gained the acceptability in our system, there have been contrary views about delegated legislation. For instance, one of the settled maxims in Constitutional law and Administrative law is “DELEGATA POTESTAS NON POTEST DELEGARE” which means one to whom power is delegated cannot himself further delegate that power. Where the sovereign power of the State has been vested to an authority, it must remain in the vested authority; and by it alone the laws should be made .The power to whose judgment, wisdom, and patriotism this high prerogative has been entrusted cannot relieve itself by dodging away with the responsibility of performing its functions and by choosing other agencies upon which the power could be devolved. The reason is found in the very existence of its own powers. This high prerogative has been entrusted to its own wisdom, judgment, and patriotism, and not to those of other persons, and it will act ultra vires if it undertakes to delegate the trust, instead of executing it. While such scenarios do raise the questions about the legality of delegating the power by higher legislative bodies to the lower ones, the fact remains that this has been an accepted norm and a general practice followed in all modern democratic countries. Hence it is imperative to make a critical analysis of the same so as to understand the associated norms and intricacies of Delegated Legislation.

General: Asteraceae are a plant family widely used in traditional medicine. Acanthospermum hispidum highlighted in this work is very rich in therapeutic molecules. Objective: This study consisted in highlighting the wealth of molecules of interest of Acanthospermum hispidum. Methodology: Phytochemical screening carried out through characterization tests to concern certain secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids. Chromatographic studies were used for the analysis of the various extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum. Results: The characterization tests showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes, while the saponosides were found in the methanolic and aqueous fraction of the ethaolic extract of Acanthospermum hispidum. Chromatographic tests were found in the various extracts of the metabolites of interest such as flavonoids and terpene compounds. Conclusion: These results are probably a scientific source for the use of Acanthospermum hispidum as a medicinal plant. The high use of this plant could be explained for its wealth of secondary metabolites.

In this study corporate identity, communication and feedback were put into focus as corporate image indicators. The main research objective was to ascertain whether there is relationship between the above indicators and corporate image designing. Two service organizations based in Port Harcourt were purposively selected to form the study area. 40 employees were chosen from each of the two organizations using the systematic random sampling technique, giving a total sample size of 80. 3-point Likert-type scale was used in constructing the measuring instrument. The research questions were addressed using data collected from respondents. Data was presented using frequency distribution table and histogram. Qualitative statistical analysis was employed by means of simple percentages. Result shows that significant relationship exists between the three measured dimensions and corporate image designing. The implication is that corporate identity, corporate communication and feedback are veritable instruments for corporate image configuration. This means that gaps strongly linked to identity, communication and feedback have a significant effect on the image of organizations. It is recommended that managers should create and communicate positive image of their organization to their publics. They should all the same; discern feedback responses from their publics as reinforcement. This way, organizations at all times, will provide unique value proposition, earn the trust, and support of their publics.

This study proposes an Integrative Approach to the teaching of creative writing in tertiary institutions across the world. Exploring theoretical perspectives in the literature as they apply to writing in general and literary genres in particular, this study presents tips for better teaching – and invariably, learning of creative writing. In different parts of the world, the Curriculum of Creative Writing in tertiary institutions focuses on literary genres. The French word “genre” denotes “kind” and it is related to “gender” and “genus”. As far back as the early nineteenth century the word has been used in English to mean “a kind of literature”. The classification of literature into the three basic genres: drama, prose and poetry – is based on whether or not a literary work is dialogue, narrative or verse. This study concludes that creative writing presupposes the use of writing conventions as well as individualistic creative prowess, to make the teaching of discrete skills of creative writing effective and fascinating.

This study highlights the characterization and biological activities (in vitro) of root extracts of Indigofera hirsuta (Ih-E) and Afrormosia laxiflora (Al-E). The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents in dry Ih-E were 54.38 mg and 116.03 mg/gram, respectively, while in Al-E were 170.46 mg and 80.23 mg/gram. Both extracts exhibited antioxidant activities since they decreased lipid peroxidation, but increased antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory activities as shown from inhibition of RBC haemolysis and inhibition of albumin denaturation. Also, they have cytotoxic effect against normal BHK-21 and HepG2 where IC50 for Ih-E were 309 µg/ml and 95µg/ml, respectively (selectivity index 1.58), while for Al-E 57.50µg/ml and 144.50 µg/ml, respectively (selectivity index 0.40). Ih-E has antimicrobial activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio species and E-coli, while Al-E showed no antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: Both extracts possessed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, thus, can be used as pharmacological tools.

Honey bees are crucial in maintaining the biodiversity by pollinating number of plant species whose fertilization requires an obligatory pollinator. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera used by the bee keepers in Fiji is found as most economically valuable pollinator and has shown great adaptive potential against the variation in climate. The species is found almost on every agricultural crop worldwide and in highly diverse climates. In context to climate change, the variability in life history of Apis mellifera regards to temperature and the environment shows that the species possesses genetic variability; this could give rise to the selection of development cycles suited to new climatic conditions. Taking the above into consideration, it is to be examined the potential impact of climate change on honey bee behaviour, its physiology and distribution, as well as on the evolution of the honey bee’s interaction with diseases.

This study aims to determine the effect of the internal control system, information asymmetry, and environmental uncertainty on the budgetary slack at Manufacturing companies in the Cikarang Region, Bekasi. This research data collection technique used a questionnaire and was processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The results of this study indicate that the internal control system has a negative effect, while the information asymmetry and environmental uncertainty have a positive and significant effect.

This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effects of local government size, income per capita, local government wealth and audit opinion on the quality of internet financial reporting disclosures in local governments in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Instruction No. 188.52/1797/SJ. The population in this study was all the official websites of the provincial governments in Indonesia, which covered 34 provinces. The samples in this study were all the official websites of the provincial governments in Indonesia with the observation years of 2015-2017, so the total amount of data in this study was 102 data (34 x 3 years). The samples in this study were selected using the survey data method on the official websites of the Provincial Governments in Indonesia. The results showed that the size of the local government had a significant effect on the quality of internet financial reporting disclosures in local governments, while income per capita, local wealth and audit opinion did not affect the quality of internet financial reporting disclosures in local governments.

In developing countries like Ethiopia where concrete is widely used there is a steadily increasing the cost of concrete. This made construction work very expensive, due to less availability of concrete ingredients. In recent years, the use of natural fibers is become increasingly common in the civil engineering sector, as a part of energy-efficient and sustainable trends. Several researches demonstrated good properties of sheep wool fibres which a basis for compressive strength, tensile strength and improve environmental issue. The paper was focus on investigation on effects of sheep wool usage as a concrete composite material in C-25 concrete. The investigation is very important because, at present, the knowledge and the application of sheep wool fibers in this sector are relatively limited in our country. So an attempt has been made to achieve improved strength results using sheep wool fiber in conventional concrete. Experiments were conducted on concrete cubes and beam of various percentages of sheep wool fiber such as 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by weight of cement were tested for their workability, compressive strength and flexural tensile strength. The sheep wool were collected from different sources and dipped into salt water for 2 days to make hair surface rough. The wool has been sun dried. The mix ratio for C-25 concrete specimen was done in accordance with ASTM 595 and ACI 544.1R-96. From the study workability of the mix was reduced as percentage of sheep increase. The optimum amount of sheep wool fiber to produce concrete was 1.5%. Using 1.5% of fiber increase concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength property. It can be concluded that using sheep wool fibered concrete were preferable particularly to improve flexural strength.