Impaction is defined by Kuftinec and Shapira as a condition with embedded teeth in socket so that its eruption is prevented and will be locked in that position by either bone or adjacent teeth. Unlike isolated impactions multiple impactions may be due to the underlying syndromes or disorders. In cases where confusion exists in differential diagnosis additional examinations might become necessary to exclude systemic and metabolic disorders.

Oil Exploration in Nigeria has contributed greatly towards pollution of the environment especially in the Niger Delta region of the country where most of the oil wells are located. In the process of their operations which include; drilling, refining transportation etc., oil spillage occurs which pollutes land, air and water bodies. This results to the release of dangerous gases into the air. Properties of soils in the contaminated areas are highly affected leading to poor agricultural produce and alteration of geotechnical properties of soils which may adversely affect engineering construction works. This research work examines the effect of crude oil pollution on the geotechnical properties of clay soil. The clay soil was obtained from Engenni Ahoada L.G.A of Rivers, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at a depth of approximately 2 meters below the ground surface and artificially polluted with crude oil in the ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of the dry weight of the soil. The samples were further subjected to various laboratory soil tests to determine their geotechnical properties. The results shows LL, PL, and PI increased from 31%, 20% and 11% at 0% contamination to 56%, 41% and 11% at 14%contamination. SPGR, BD, and MDD decreased from 2.48, 1.33g/cm3 and 1.74g/cm3 at 0% contamination to 1.14, 0.97g/cm3 and 1.35g/cm3 at 14% contamination. OMC increased from 15% at 0% contamination to 16.5% at 14% contamination. Thus, crude oil pollution affects the geotechnical properties of soil greatly.

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the use of mobile assisted language learning for learning Arabic as a second language in the context of Saudi Arabian higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore what kinds of mobile learning devices second language Arabic learners and their teachers currently use and how they use these devices for learning the Arabic language. This mixed-methods study employed a sequential explanatory design, incorporating questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with second language students and their teachers. A total of 154 teachers and 492 students participated in the quantitative phase of the study whilst 14 teachers and 16 students took part in the qualitative phase. The results showed that smartphones the most widely used mobile device among second language Arabic learners and their teachers. Their current use of mobile devices was focused on social media apps such as YouTube and WhatsApp to support Arabic language learning.

Pre-eclampsia is one of the common complications of pregnancy and contributes significantly to high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors and maternal and foetal outcomes of pre-eclampsia patients. Methods and Materials: This descriptive and observational study with data from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, during July 2011 to December 2011. Participants 123 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia included in the study. Main outcome measures Identify the risk factors associated with maternal & fetal complications, maternal and perinatal mortality & morbidity and incidence of pre-eclampsia. The patient with particular reference to age, parity, religion, occupation socioeconomic condition, gestational age, rapid weight gain, family history of hypertension and pre-eclampsia, obesity, new paternity, preexisting vascular disease, thrombophilias, previous history of pre-eclampsia, blurring of vision, pain in epigastrium, or pain in right upper quadrant, diabetes mellitus etc. Results: The incidence of pre-eclampsia is 4.3% and majority of the patients was found to be of 3rd decade. More than a half (51.2%) two third of the patient were primigravida. Maximum (65.9%) number was found in the gestational age group of 37 to 40 weeks. Lower abdominal pain 15.4%, Swelling of legs 15.4%, Headache 11.4%, less foetal movement 9.76% and Blurring of vision 8.13%. Mild pre-eclampsia was 44.0% and severe pre-eclampsia 56.0%. Fundal height had corresponded with 29 to 34 weeks in 42.0% patients, presentation was cephalic in 84.0%, fetal heart sounds was audible in 87.8% cases. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 164.76±9.34 mmHg and 101, 83±8.64 mmHg respectively and all patients had cephalic presentation. Fresh still birth was 3.5%, macerated still birth 1.8%, and Prematurity and IUGR were 7.0%. More than one third (36.4%) was low birth weight and male of female ratio of the babies were 1.1:1. According to APGAR score >7, were 51.5% and 81.8% during 1st and 5th minutes after birth respectively and 16.2% babies received neonatal resuscitation. Conclusion: Pre-eclampsia usually occurs in third trimester, and maternal outcome is better than fetal outcome although the maternal response to the treatment is in positive side.

Subfertility and unconstrained premature birth or unsuccessful labor is two types of conceptive disappointment. Subfertility influences about 10% to 15% of couples. Then again, the danger of fetus removal has been affirmed is about 15% to 20%. The differentiation among essential and auxiliary repetitive pregnancy loss can be made. Essential RPL is depicted as RPL without a past continuous pregnancy past 28 weeks' incubation, while auxiliary RPL is characterized as a scene of RPL after at least one past pregnancies advancing past 28 weeks' development. The main objective of this research is to find out the risk factors of recurrent pregnancy loss. The specific objectives are; to identify the origin of the pregnancy losses, to identify the probable therapeutic targets, and to provide recommendations regarding organization of care for couples faced with RPL. Total 60 samples were selected and the study duration was 3 years. After investigation, it was found that few factors, such as: age, psychological pressure, environmental and occupational exposure, chronic endometritis, smoking, genetic factors, and thrombophilia screening, uterine defects, were some of the risks of RPL. Multiple pregnancy loss can have a noteworthy mental cost for influenced couples, and numerous endeavors are being made to improve medicines and reduction the time expected to accomplish an effective pregnancy.

Introduction: Mitral prosthetic thrombosis (MPV) is a rare but dangerous complication. It is suspected by clinical examination; the diagnosis of MPV is made by trans-thoracic echocardiography and held by the trans-esophageal echocardiography; or a fluoroscopy which shows a lack of prosthesis opening. The treatment is based on the early establishment of anti-coagulation and surgical cure. The thrombolysis is an alternative therapy. Case report: We report the case of a 47-year-old man who undergone a mitroaortic mechanical prosthesis replacement 6 years ago. However, since a year, his INR has been sub therapeutic. He presented a 5 days history of a chest pain and dyspnea. A passing at the intensive care diagnosed a shock according to the cool extremities, sweats, tachypnea and low blood pressure. The ECG showed atrial fibrillation with complete left bundle block. An emergency TTE was performed and revealed a MPV with high transvalvular gradient, while the aortic prosthesis was functional. The left ventricle was dilated and globally hypo contractile; TEE was emergently performed and showed à stuck leaflet caused by thrombus with associated with a thrombus at the left auricle. Patient’s hemodynamic condition required a surgical cure with thrombectomy of the left atrium. Conclusions: Through this case we highlight the interest of echocardiography to diagnose the etiology of shock, and the importance of early management to avoid any complications.

Cerebral palsy is the commonest physical disability in childhood, occurring in 2.0 to 2.5 per 1000 live births [1] Cerebral palsy (CP), a neurodevelopment disorders, is usually associated with abnormalities of pregnancy, particularly 'birth asphyxia' and low birth weight [2]. In the present study all cases were males, mothers were more than 35 years, para4, and uncooked, illiterate and low socio economic status. They all had normal deliveries, were anemic, associated with severe pregnancy induced hypertension, preterm and extremely low birth weight and no genetic overlay Present study 5(0.05%) cases occurred out of 8500 deliveries. Cranial ultrasound imaging can describe patterns of neonatal brain damage in the low birth weight infant that are highly predictive of later cerebral palsy [3, 4].

This research was prompted by a reflection on the level of preparation and the way in which the course of Principles of Economic Theory is taught at the last grade of secondary education in Greece. Under the Greek system of access to tertiary education, this course determines, to a large extent, admission to university departments of economics. The research was conducted with students in a department of economics by investigating the degree of satisfaction from their high school preparation in relation to their decision to attend private supplementary teaching for the national admission exams to tertiary education. Additionally, there was an investigation into the choices of the educators as to the way in which the course in question was taught.

Dimethyl ether (DME) is used primarily as a propellant and a motor fuel alternative, (DME) is miscible with most organic solvents and has a high solubility in water. Recently, the use of (DME) as a fuel additive for diesel engines has been investigated due to its high volatility (desired for cold starting) and high cetane number of 55–60, with the advantage of high efficiency, and low exhaust emissions (no particulates, no Sulphur, and low NOx). Technical-quality (DME) is an alternative to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The production processes included catalytic dehydration of methanol in an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor and two columns product separations. In this study, the technological process for (DME) synthesis is simulated in Aspen Hysys V3.1 based on the combined parameters of the reaction dynamic model for methanol dehydration reaction, the improved NRTL model of the liquid phase, the PR model of vapor phase was selected as the fluid package as it is able to handle selected pure components (methanol, water and dimethyl ether). The equilibrium reaction was selected to describe conversion of methanol to DME reaction and it is about 80%. A feasibility study and design of a plant producing 99.9 wt% Dimethyl ether (DME). The plant is designed which is capable of producing 50,000 metric tons of (DME) per year via the catalytic dehydration of methanol over an acid zeolite catalyst.

The Integrated Management System (IMS) could consider as one of the most important factors that eases the process of integrating many quality and safety management systems into one system to facilitate the implementation of the systems requirements. Jubail Technical Institute (JTI) obtained ISO 9001 certificate in 2015, followed by several certificates such as ISO 22000, OHSAS 18001 and ISO 10015 respectively. These certificates and others made it necessary for JTI to unify efforts and increase the effectiveness of meeting the requirements of these systems. The used tool for achieving these purposes was the MISWEB which is an internal website that organizes the integration of quality and safety management systems in IMS and provides many internal services. Throughout the MISWEB, JTI has been developed many electronic procedures, documents and forms to communicate them for the sake of increasing the use of forms, procedures. In this case study, the impact of IMS (ISO 9001, ISO 22000, OHSAS 18001 and ISO 10015) through MISWEB was measured. Specifically, the satisfaction rates of the faculty members, and the administrative staff on the procedures, forms and documents of IMS. Many tools and methods such as the tables, figures, and shape in addition to the Likert scale for the surveys were used to illustrate the impact of the IMS. A group of faculty members and the administrative staff have been surveyed over five years. The number of those samples from the two surveys were (152, 159, 125, 120, 82) for the years (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) respectively. The analysis of data went through several steps such as the average scores and the range was from (3.87 to 4.45) out of 5. Moreover, the standard deviation of the data was measured and ranged between (0.67 and 1.08). The results of the Cronbach Alpha tests reached (0.89). The overall satisfaction rate of the faculty members and administrative staff on the procedures, forms and documents in the IMS at the MISWEB website were (86%). The satisfaction rate of the faculty members on the clarity of responsibilities in the procedures and clarity of procedures were (93%). While, the satisfaction rate of administrative staff on the clarity of procedures and forms, the extent of updating these forms, the suitability of these procedures and forms is equivalent to (80%). These results have led to improving the integrated management system. As well as enhance the work of MISWEB and pursue the satisfaction of faculty members and administrative staff to ensure high-quality services.

Background: In modern-day Dentistry, a significant emphasis is over esthetics. Hence, it is crucial to understand the various agents capable of adversely affecting the esthetics of a restoration due to its staining capacity. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface polishing, oral beverages and food colorants on the surface roughness and color stability of Restorative Materials. Materials and Methods: 60 Disks of Nanohybrid resin composite of different manufacturers measuring 4 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness were fabricated using a custom made Teflon mold. Pre-polishing surface roughness (Ra1) of all the five samples was measured using a Surface Profilometer. Pre immersion Spectrophotometric value (ΔE1) recorded for the baseline color of the samples. Three groups were formed consisting of 20 samples in each group, ie. Group I: Control group; Group II; Group III. The samples divided into subgroups (A, B, C, D), which was immersed in the respective test solution for 10 min thrice a day for 15 days. Sub Group- A - lipstick; Sub Group –B-Indian Blueberries; Sub Group–C -Sugar Candy; Sub Group -D –Carbonated drink- Fanta. Post immersion Profilometric value was recorded to evaluate roughness brought about by the solutions (Ra2), and Spectrophotometric amount was recorded to evaluate the color change in samples (ΔE2). Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Mean roughness (Ra2-Ra1) values are recorded in Sof-Lex, followed by the Diamond polishing paste and Control group. There were records of a Comparison of surface roughness caused due to beverages and food colorant solutions. Conclusion: Color alteration materials are affected by type and storage time.

Introduction: Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention can improve the outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are no satisfactory cardiac biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. Among the novel biomarkers of AMI, we tested the diagnostic accuracy of Heart type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (HFABP) in prospectively recruited patients with independently adjudicated outcomes. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow. After taking informed consent, 80 cases of chest pain suggestive of coronary origin (within 6 hours) were included. Results: Group a included 55 patients while Group B included 25 patients. In our study on Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis, the AUC (Area under curve) was 0.846 (95% C.I. 0.743 to 0.948; p value <0.001) for HFABP. The optimum cut-off value for HFABP to diagnose AMI was 6.38 ng/ml with a Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV (Positive Predictive Value) and NPV of 86.4%, 84.5%, 67.9% and 94.2% respectively. Conclusion: The optimum cut-off value for HFABP to diagnose AMI was found to be 6.38 ng/ml were in concordance with similar studies. A high sensitivity and NPV is essential for the early ‘rule out’ of AMI patients. Since more than 70% of patients who present with acute chest pain to an emergency department do not have AMI, HFABP can be used as rule out tool to prevent unnecessary admissions of patients suspected for AMI considering its high sensitivity and NPV. Though, it was not a reliable marker for AMI diagnosis because of low specificity and positive predictive value. Further larger studies are needed to understand whether HFABP can add incremental value in rule-in AMI.

A long with the digitalization of Youtube became an alternative means of campaigning for politicians before the general election. President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) used this video application to increase his popularity and, at the same time, socialize his political activities over the past 5 years. Through Youtube, Jokowi presents his daily activities as president, for example thr household activities and activities as President of the Republic of Indonesia. The researcher wanted to examine how much the influence of President Jokowi's Video Blog (Vlog) toward the Political image and Electability for the 2019 Presidential Election. This study intended to examine the validity of the S-O-R theory on the situation of social media booming. The method used was a survey method, with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to 221 respondents. The results showed that the variable of political image and a correlation value have 0.593 which produced an effect of 35.2%. While the coefficient of determination of the electability variable has 0.393 which resulted an effect of 15.5%. This means that 35.2% of the political image variable and 15.5% of the electability variable are contributed from the jokowi vlog variable. Whereas 49.3% can be explained or influenced by other variables which are not examined by the present researcher.

Aims: To correlate AGE, TYPE, RBC INDICES in deciding the severity of anaemia in adult females in tertiory care hospital. Settings and Designs: A hospital based cross sectional study was done at our tertiary care centre in central clinical laboratory of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College & Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune among 1000 adult females to evaluate prevalence of spectrum of anaemia. Considering a confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of 3.1 the number of patients in our study to achieve statistical significance is 999. This was calculated by Survey System (http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#one). The Survey System ignores the population size when it is "large" or unknown. Population size is only likely to be a factor when you work with a relatively small and known group of people (e.g., the members of an association). Hence a sample size of 1000 was considered adequate for our study. Results: Majority of the females (42.44%) were in the age group of 26-35 years followed by 31.9% in the age group of 18-25 years, 19.2% in the age group of 36-45 years, 4.9% in the age group of 46-55 years and 1.6% in the age group of 56-65 years. 410 (41%) females had mild anaemia while 440 (44%) and 150 (15%) females had moderate and severe anaemia. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of females with mild anaemia was 70.94±1.35fl while the mean MCV of females with moderate and severe anaemia was 66.29±2.43fl and 60.82±1.77fl respectively. There was significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) with increase in severity of anaemia as per ANOVA test (p<0.05). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) of females with mild anaemia was 25.74±2.38pg while the mean MCH of females with moderate and severe anaemia was 21.16±2.07pg and 17.84±1.96pg respectively. There was significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) with increase in severity of anaemia as per ANOVA test (p<0.05). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of females with mild anaemia was 32.76±3.14 while the mean MCHC of females with moderate and severe anaemia was 29.55±2.83 and 26.91±2.34 respectively. There was significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with increase in severity of anaemia as per ANOVA test (p<0.05). The mean red cell distribution width (RDW) of females with mild anaemia was 17.72±0.87% while the mean RDW of females with moderate and severe anaemia was 18.26±1.18% and 20.05±1.37% respectively. There was increase in red cell distribution width (RDW) with increase in severity of anaemia but the increase was statistically not significant as per ANOVA test (p>0.05). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is increasing in females, specially in reproductive age group of developing countries. The haematological parameters can aid in early recognition of type and cause of anaemia and thereby improve the outcome. The study confirms that iron deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy and is a major health problem in developing and developed countries. Early detection, treatment and prevention of anemia can improve maternal as well as child outcome.

Individuals undergoing radiological investigations are exposed to natural and man-made radiation which could be ionizing or non-ionizing. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of radiation and practice of radiation protection measures among patients awaiting radiological investigations at a teaching hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Consenting patients awaiting investigations at the radiology department of LAUTECH teaching hospital were enrolled for this study. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were used and knowledge scoring was done. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 22 and p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean knowledge of radiation score among the 200 patients studied was 55.8%±20.8. Participants with high education had significantly higher score (62.46%±15.07) than those with low and no formal education (34.79%±22.38) p= 0.001. Participants who practiced personal protective measures had higher scores than those that do not p= 0.001. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the knowledge scores between the males and females (55.59%±20.41vs 56.14%±21.35) p>0.05. This study showed that knowledge about radiation helps in adopting a lifestyle that protects from radiation but the knowledge of participants about radiation appears to be shallow. Patients were not aware of the type of radiological investigation they undergo and the associated radiation risk. It is strongly recommended that patient should be well informed about the radiological investigations they undergo.