A total of 200 subjects were recruited for the study comprising 100 subjects each for Patients with UTI (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) and 100 subjects for apparently healthy subjects (Control) (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) drawn from the Health institution. About 6ml of venous blood was aseptically collected from the antecubital vein of each subject by standard technique. About 4.5ml was dispensed into plain tubes for Erythropoietin assay and the remaining was dispensed into an EDTA bottle for haematological parameters determination. All reagents and kits were commercially purchased from reputable company whose standard operating procedures were strictly followed. Human EPO (Erythropoietin) ELISA kit was purchased from Elabscience with catalog No: E-EL-H0066c.The erythropoietin was bought from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Wuhan. The haematological parameters were determined using Mindray BC-5300. The results were expressed as mean± standard deviation. The data were analysed with the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 using t-test, ANOVA and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed decrease in RBC (3.75±1.40 X1012/L; 5.16±0.34 X1012/L, P=0.004), Haemoglobin (11.24±4.21g/dl, 15.48±1.03g/dl, P=0.004), PCV (33.73±12.62%, 46.45±3.08, P=0.004), increase in EPO (87.29±7.66 iu/l, 19.35±5.75 iu/l) and no significant difference in MCV (90.02±0.08fl, 90.00±0.05fl), MCH (30.00±0.03pg, 30.00±0.02pg) and MCHC (330.59±9.04g/l, 333.33±0.06g/l) of patients with UTI compared to control respectively. The results showed increase in EPO (64.23±9.19 iu/l, 17.10±6.86 iu/l, P=0.002 ) and no significant difference in RBC (4.94±0.99 X1012/L; 5.26±0.17 X1012/L, P=0.613), Haemoglobin (14.83±2.99g/dl, 15.78±0.51g/dl, P=0.611), PCV (44.50±8.96%, 47.33±1.53%, P=0.611), MCV (90.01±0.06fl, 90.04±0.03fl, P=0.393), MCH (30.00±0.02pg, 30.01±0.01pg, P=0.389) and MCHC (333.30±0.07g/l, 333.31±0.08g/l, P=0.901) of patients with UTI

Mothers milk plays an important role in newborn’s growth and development. The benefits of breast feeding are numerous both for the mothers and their infants. Promotion of breast feeding is one among the goals of World Health Organization. Almond oil massage is a type of herbal traditional medicine which increases mother’s milk by increasing the secretion of prolactin hormone. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of almond oil massage on breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers. The research design selected for the study was pretest-posttest quasi experimental control group design. A purposive sampling technique was followed to obtain a sample of 60 postnatal mothers (30 postnatal mothers in experimental group and 30 postnatal mothers in a control group). Pre test was done for both groups by using breast milk adequacy checklist. Almond oil massage was given only to the experimental group at the interval of 6 hours a day for 3 days. The mean difference is 4.26 was significant (t=13.54, and p<0.05). The study also reveals that there is significant association found between educations of the mother. The study also reveals that there is significant association found between order of pregnancy and amount of breast milk secretion. The conclusion of the study shows that almond oil massage was found to be an effective alternative therapy in increasing breast milk secretion.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are an important public health problem because they are the main causes of mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Despite existing drug therapies, such diseases have particularities that hinder their control. For this reason many studies seek to identify new molecules, especially natural substances, with therapeutic potential to control cardiovascular diseases. Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin that has many biological activities and promotes cardiovascular action. Objective: Identify the cardiovascular effect of diosgenin and to describe the mechanisms of action involved in this activity. Methodology: An integrative review of the literature was carried out with articles that dealt with the topic researched in the last 10 years from 2009 to 2019, available in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and BIREME/BVS databases, using advanced search with the descriptors "Diosgenin" "Cardiovascular System", "Heart" and “Diseases”, interspersed with the "and" or "or" boolean operators. Results: After initial selections and readings of some articles in their entirety, 14 studies integrated the present review. Diosgenin showed important cardioprotective activity in studies with animal models that mimic the multiple cardiac pathologies in humans, which allow it to be considered with great future pharmacological potential. The mechanisms of action of this substance are related to antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiapoptotic and antiproliferative capacity. Conclusion: Diosgenin has a beneficial cardiovascular effect when used in multiple models of animal experimentation with cardiac alterations. This fact makes this substance an important and promising molecule for future research, such as clinical trials in humans with cardiovascular changes similar to those presented by animals.

The general aim of this research work is to examine “the ways of empowering the uneducated youths in Nigeria through Small and Medium Scale Enterprise: A Study of Ezeagu Local Government Area, Enugu State”. The specific objectives of this research work include the following: to identify the number of SME formed by uneducated youths in Ezeagu LGA, to examine the roles of small and medium scale enterprises in youth empowerment in Enugu State. For a successful completion of this research work, the researcher made use of both primary and secondary methods of data collection for information gathering. The population of the study was 1308 while the sample size of 306 was gotten through Taro Yamene formula. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed with simple percentage while the hypotheses stated were tested with chi square. The findings made includes: the roles of small and medium scale enterprises in youth empowerment in Enugu State are entrepreneurship promotion, provision of employment opportunities, mobilization of savings and financial resources for productive enterprise activitiesand equitable growth across regions and between men and women, the contributions of government in SME development are provision of infrastructural development, promotion of small and medium scale enterprises through its policies, provision of capital and loans to small and medium scale business owners andprovision of skill acquisition centers in diverse areas.In conclusion, capital formation has affected the role of small and medium scale enterprises in youth empowerment in Enugu State to a very great extent, the challenges militating against the efforts of small and medium scale enterprises in youth empowerment in Enugu State are financial problems, management problems, infrastructure problems and socio cultural problems.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign criminal judgments is a modality is opposite to the extradition of sentenced parsons for the execution of the punishment imposed on them. This is a traditional modality international judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Although it assists future execution proceedings in the country which has accepted the foreign judgment, this modality is not any part of them. Moreover, it is a specific procedure based on different principles. This procedure is rarely used; its efficiency is low. As a result, it constitutes a serious challenge to both lawmakers and judicial actors (criminal judges, prosecutors, investigators), especially in countries with outdated criminal legislation and weak criminal justice system, such as Somalia. This research paper describes the current situation and resorts to the comparative law approach, mainly. It aims at explaining Somali law on the recognition and enforcement of foreign criminal judgments to eventually, facilitate the process of turning Somalia into a predictable international partner in the common struggle of nations against crime.

Based on the results of IKM and SKM from 2015 to 2017 shows that the weakness of the service in Disdukpencapil Tanah Laut Regency is in the element of service speed. The application of Law Number 24 of 2013 by Disdukpencapil Tanah Laut Regency is inseparable from the obstacles in the form of not achieving the SPM target from the Ministry of Home Affairs. The study was conducted from July to November 2017 at the Office of Population and Civil Registration Agency of Tanah Laut Regency with a survey method (quantitative approach). This study only examined one factor, namely resources. The research instrument was in the form of a community satisfaction questionnaire. Method of distributing questionnaires using purposive sampling. The distribution of questionnaires was carried out by quotation test in October 2017, for 5 days of service, with a total of 233 respondents consisting of 95 respondents in the Disdukpencapil office and 138 respondents who received services in seven sub-district offices. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded how the impact of the implementation of Law Number 24 of 2013 on increasing the effectiveness of services by the Tanah Laut Regency Disdukpencapil in terms of achievement of SPM targets and service quality. When viewed from the quality of service based on the answers to the questionnaire, the results showed an average of 72.01 (satisfied). The highest satisfaction was with the officers who helped ease the population in getting services (76.22%), while the lowest satisfaction was in the element of the length of service waiting time (68.33%).

Increasing interest in natural fibres for composite material formation and applications informs the aim of this paper on review of various surface modification methods employed towards the improvement of the Tribological properties of these fibres for interfacial bonding with polymer matrices. Natural fibres have wonderful properties ranging from accessibility, bi-degradability, recyclability, low density and many more but have particular negative characteristic that needs to be corrected in order to improve its surface interaction with composite matrices; which is their great affinity for water. Different methods of treating natural fibres have been applied towards reducing the hydrophilic nature of these fibres. These surface modification processes do not only reduce water absorption capability of these fibres but also increases fibrillation and material wettability. This review of literatures showed that mercerization treatment and acetylation treatment are the most applicable surface modifications or treatments for natural fibres.

Preliminary research shows the difficulties of students in understanding the concepts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration which is characterized by the low achievement of student learning outcomes in the academic field. This research is based on the desire of researchers to find out the factors that influence student’s learning difficulties, namely factors of misconception or low mastery of concepts by students. This study used a pre-experiment with a one group pre-test post-test design approach. The research instruments consisted of subtopic biology Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration modules, RPP, instruments for identifying student misconceptions, concept mastery test instruments, and science process skills test instruments (KPS). The study population was students of class XII of the SMA Negeri 2 Palangkaraya Science Department with the research sample being Class 12 IPA-8 which amounted to 41 students. The procedure of data collection is taken using 2 types of data, namely using multiple-choice questions (three-tier multiple tests) to identify misconceptions and questions in the form of descriptions for mastery of concepts and KPS. Analysis of pre-test and post-test data using the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method. The results showed the level of student misconception before being given scientific literacy-based learning was quite high with a percentage of 68.29%. Another impact of the application of scientific literacy-based learning strategies to the achievement of student learning outcomes is increasing the ability to master student concepts and science process skills (KPS) in the subtopics of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of natural science module SMP/MTs to train critical thinking skills. The research subject of students grades VIII MTs Muhammadiyah 3 Al-Furqan Banjarmasin. The experiment was conducted in the academic year 2018/2019. Data on the effectiveness of the modules include the cognitive learning, critical thinking skills, attitude, character, social attitudes, and responses of students. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations and analyzed descriptively. The results showed module IPA developed relatively effective based on 1) the cognitive learning of students has exceeded the classical completeness, 2) critical thinking skills of students categorized as good, 3) the attitude of the character of the students are diligent and cautious good average, 4 ) social attitudes of students working together and express good average, and 5) the average response has been good. Keywords: Module, critical thinking skills, effectiveness.

The Village Fund is one of the government policies that began in 2015, which seeks to place villagers as actors in village development and community empowerment in order to improve community welfare. The use of Village Funds is prioritized 80% for development and 20% for community empowerment. This research is a descriptive qualitative research oriented to describe the relationship between variables that influence the emergence of phenomena. The analysis tool used in this study is CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). The results showed that the utilization of the Village Fund for Community Empowerment was not on target. Village Funds contribution is dominated by apparatus or honorarium expenditure. In terms of context, data collection activities are not yet optimal in terms of community needs. From the input aspect shows that the identification of the strategy is not optimal so that the goal is not achieved. From the aspect of the process, the low participation in the management of the Village Fund and from the aspect of the product, has not yet reached the goal of utilizing the Village Fund. Based on these results, the government of East Barito Regency through the Regional Apparatus Organization related to the Village Fund policy can carry out training on Village Fund management for the village head and village apparatus and related institutions in the village so that the utilization of the Village Fund can improve the welfare of the village community.

The problem of the effectiveness of the land and building tax collection system in the Banjarmasin city government which was still low. This can be seen from the low realization of land and building revenue from 2013 to 2016 which was obtained from the amount of Regional Tax Payment Deposit Slips compared to the potential amount of land and building tax in Banjarmasin, that is the amount of Tax Payable Notices issued. The objectives of this research were to find the cause of the low effectiveness of the land and building tax collection system and to identify the obstacles occurred in the collection of property taxes in Banjarmasin government. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The analysis unit in this research was Revenue Office Banjarmasin. The research’s primary data source were based on the interview results to the Head of the Land and Building Tax Division, Section Head of Property Tax Collection Division, the operator of SISMIOP of Revenue Office Banjarmasin, and the interview results with 40 taxpayers, while the secondary data source came from the realization of the land and building revenue reports. Data analysis using triangulation technique and Fishbone diagram. The result showed that the effectiveness of land and building collection system in Banjarmasin government was still low as reflected by the low realization of land and building revenues after it was applied in 2013. This was because the taxpayer billing were still not optimal, the payment method was still limited, the weak enforcement of implementation and filing tax objections was complicated and took a long time.

Several chemical compounds are used worldwide to induce diabetes in animals. Alloxan monohydrate and streptozotocin are among those are commonly used because of their cheap coast. However, other chemical compounds are less toxic but more expensive. This pilot study was conducted to use alloxan as diabetes inducer, and to determine the suitable dose which can make a diabetic albino mice model. The type of induced diabetes was also differentiated by using glimepiride tablets. Three mice were injected with three doses of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally (150mg-100mg-150mg)/kg in two days intervals respectively in order to induce and maintain diabetes. The fasting blood sugar measured before and after each alloxan injection. Results showed an increasing in blood glucose levels from an average of 81 mg/dl to 168.6 mg/dl after the first dose (150 mg /kg) of alloxan, after 2nd dose (100 mg /kg) of alloxan from 117.83 mg/dl to 154.67 mg/dl, and from 154.67 mg/dl to 173 mg/dl after 3rd dose (150 mg/kg). On the other hand the glimepiride which was given to mice orally caused dramatic decrease in blood sugar level from 173 mg/dl to 93.67 mg/dl after 4 hrs of administration. From this study it was conducted that the use of different doses of alloxan can induce and maintain diabetes and the induced diabetes is type II. Further work is in progress to examine the use of plant extracts in order to regulate blood sugar levels in induced diabetic mice.

This study aims to determine the effect of Asset Management, Implementation of Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICoFR), and Organizational Commitment on quality of financial reporting. This research is a quantitative study with 42 Samples of Work Units of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery’s Head Office, which covers: a) Work Units with their main activities are Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries priority activities, community assistance, or supporting priority activities and community assistance and b) having relatively large budget allocations and financial transactions. Years used as a basis for data collection are 2016 and 2017. This study uses primary data obtained from 70 respondents of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Smart PLS is used as an analysis tool in this research. The analysis shows that Asset Management has a positive and significant effect over the quality of financial reporting. The implementation of Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICoFR) has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial reporting. Organizational Commitment does not significantly influence the quality of financial reporting.

Many medicinal plants were studied for their phytochemical contents. Moringa oleifera is one of these plants. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has an important medical uses with high nutritional value. This study, primarily aimed to carry out a preliminary phytochemical screening to detect the major classes of bioactive compounds presented in Moringa oleifera dry leaves. Many solvents (Methanol, ethanol, ethanol acetate and water) used to determine the best solvent can be used for extraction and to perform thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of all sequential extracts. TLC was carried out in silica gel plates using many mobile phase protocols, chloroform: methanol: ethanol (1:1:1), (2:2:0.5) and Chloroform: Glacial acetic acid: methanol (4:5:1) and use four mentioned solvents. Phytochemical screening of four extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols in all solvent extracts. However, the concentration of these compounds is more with ethanol and ethanol acetate extracts (+++). As well as thin layer chromatographic studies of the Moringa olifera leave extract (methanol, ethanol, ethanol acetate and water) constituted different colored phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were the best which show 4 bands with Rf less than 1 while with ethanol extract 5 bands with Rf less than 1 and with water extract no band appeared by using chloroform: methanol: ethanol (1:1:1). Furthermore with the other mobile phases detect fewer bands with different solvent extracts. The results obtained in the present study revealed that the concentration of the bioactive compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts by using ethanol and ethyl acetate as a solvent is more than the other solvents. On the other hand, TLC showed 4 bands with better Rf by using methanol and ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion, the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts for Moringa oleifer leaves contain a

The continual development of Novel molecular based technologies for rapid high detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria has made the future of conventional microbiological isolation methods termingly tenous. Report by Salmonella species in children is also increasing. A study on prevalence of Salmonella in PIF was conducted. A total of 10 Powdered Infant Formula consisting of 9 foreign and 1 local brand were analysed using a total sample size of 80 units.100 milk rating was done by methylene-blue reductase test, coliform analysis by serial dilution method, salmonella isolation by Bacteriological Analytical Manual(BAM) method and membrane filtration methods, while antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Reports obtained revealed that 80% (8) of the milk sampled belong to class 1, while 20% (2) belong to class 2. Total coliform count of different dilutions of the 10 brands sampled contained acceptable limits of coliform contamination per gram of milk. SMA infant contained lesser coliform at the higher dilutions 10-3, 10-2 than others, 3 bacteria isolated from the 10 brands of milk include, Salmonella species 54 (67.5%); (S.typhi, S.Paratyphi A,S. Paratyphi C,S. entericaand S.typhimorium), E. coli 25 (31.25%) and Proteus 1 (1.25). 5 different salmonella species were isolated at different frequency using BAM and membrane filtration methods. S.