The term volatility is simply synonymous with risk: in their view high volatility is to be deplored, because it means that security values are not dependable and the capital markets are not functioning as well as they should [22]. It measures how for the current price of an asset deviates from its average past values. The coefficients also suggest spillovers from the returns to the sentiments across markets. The coefficients indicate that high absolute sentiment scores in the stock market are expected to have an increasing influence on the commodity returns and a decreasing influence on the stock returns of the following day.

Tobacco smoke contains numerous compounds, the important substances of medical significance being the carcinogens (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), irritant substances, nicotine, carbon monoxide and other gases. Cigerette smoking is a well-known major risk factor for premature mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is also evidence that passive smoking may contribute to atherosclerosis by sensitizing neutrophils, causing their activation and subsequent oxidant-mediated tissue damage. To achieve a meaningful reduction in the burden to society of coronary heart disease, both passive and active cigarette smoking must be targeted. Many children are regularly exposed to cigarette smoke at home or in other environments, such as child-care facilities and schools. The only safe way to protect nonsmokers from exposure to cigarette smoke is to eliminate this health hazard from public places and workplaces, as well as from the home.

Our society is undergoing a constant change that encompasses all areas of human life. The importance of work and free time, the two central areas of life, has undergone a major change. The reasons are obvious: work alienation, increasing prosperity and the change in traditional social values have given greater importance to leisure time [1]. But despite the multifaceted social and technical changes over time, people have not realized the character and properties of time. The ultimate goal of this research is the theoretical and sociological approach to leisure time. The method adopted for the study was a review of the relevant literature. In the light of the present study, it is found that problems usually arise rather from human attitude towards time than time itself. The concept of time is comprehensive and encompasses physical and biological as well as psychological and social processes, which overlap and influence each other. The perception of time is not the same but varies depending on the person or the situation. Time seems to have a different qualitative and changing meaning. So, as people and their world change, so does the way they perceive time and the measures they take to deal with it. The way someone interprets past events, or thinks about the present and the future differs to a great extent from person to person. Some people consider their present life as a result of their past attempts; others think less of the past and enjoy life in the present, while others believe in the permanent repetition of already known things. The use of time in the course of the day or the week was the subject of research. No doubt, the 24 hours of the day pass just as quickly whether you are old or young, a woman or a man. Time is a phenomenon that is difficult to comprehend and perceive. Time is not always the same time. But with a closer understanding of the prevailing time apprehension, time budget and time patterns we can identify specific attitude structures towards time. Finally, it becomes clear that today we cannot talk about either leisure time park or leisure time society, since time is to a great extent allocated between managing work, house chores and essential hygiene as well as sleep. Only a few have the power to change their own time pattern and develop new dynamics.

The study designs procedures of EFL writing instruction from the perspective of multiliteracies framework. It provides details of the application of four phases of mulitiliteracies approach. Findings from the follow-up interview showed students’ positive attitude towards this new model of instruction. They demonstrated an active engagement in the learning process and became more responsible for the cooperative multimodal composing task. The multiliteracies approach provides students with experiences of constructing meanings via multiple semiotic resources, which is rewarding for enhancing their multiliteracies competence in authentic communications.

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether Financial Reporting Transparency can be influenced by External Pressure, Management Commitment and HR Competency by using several indicators in SKPD Tangerang District. Based on empirical results from the questionnaire data distributed, this study found: (1) 1 variable related to the application of financial reporting transparency, significantly related to the weak budget report information presented in published financial statements; (2) 2 other variables namely management commitment and HR competence were not found to be significantly related to the implementation of transparency. Finally, our findings show that pressures from government regulations, political factors and the obligation to use online technology that are considered too open to the public have been proven to influence financial report makers for transparency.

Offerings of flowers, leaves, fruits, cereals, foods and drinks to the Gods have been spoken about to a great extent in ancient Hindu scriptures such as Puranas and Vedas. These substances also have replete with significant medicinal values. ' Mahamrityunjaya Mantra Japa' means Great Death-conquering Mantra, is a verse (sukta) of the Rigveda. This mantra is addressed to Shiva for warding off death and bestows longevity. Lord Shiva idolizes with some astonishing substances like Bilva Patra, Bhang Patra, Arka Puspa and Ganga Jal in Mahamrityunjaya Mantra Japa'. Medicinal properties like, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antioxidant property of these have been reported by recent researches. In the future, In vitro and In vivo studies on these items of worship show that these may be an answer to non-treatable diseases like autoimmune disorder, viral infection and cancer etc., as these substances have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation and antimicrobial properties. Exploration of the text of Traditional and complementary medicine might be useful in research of new drug molecules.

The article shows the role of chronic periodontitis in maintaining low-intensity systemic inflammation, which underlies the pathogenesis of many somatic diseases. Some etiological factors of chronic periodontitis, namely the growth of specific microflora, can affect the course of pathological processes or conditions in various organs and systems of the body, which indicates the mandatory examination of the oral cavity in the treatment of any somatic diseases.

With the continuous progress of the society, the problem of energy consumption is increasingly prominent, green energy saving is gradually promoted. At present, the combination of green building concept in architectural design has become the common focus of contemporary architectural industry. HVAC is a key link in building energy consumption, which has attracted much attention in recent years. The application of green and energy-saving concepts in building heating and air-conditioning design can not only reduce energy consumption and cost, but also improve operating efficiency, safety and comfort. On the other hand, it not only protects the balance and development of the environment, but also realizes the healthy and sustainable development of air conditioning. It can be said that the green concept in the whole HVAC design of the application is very significant.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder because of absolute or relative deficiency of insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreas. Trace elements like Zinc and copper are known to affect the synthesis, secretion, release and mechanism of action of insulin. Dyslipidemia is an associated abnormality in most of T2DM patients and the underlying mechanism is not resolved well. Estimation of the trace elements and lipid profile in newly diagnosed T2DM patients will help to identify the onset of early oxidative damage and prevent various complications of T2DM. The present case control study incorporated age and sex matched 48 type 2 diabetic patients and 48 apparently healthy adults. Copper was estimated by Di-Br-PAESA method and Zinc by Nitro PAPS method on Chem 7. HDL-C and TGL quantification was done by EM200 Fully auto analyzer by respective kits from manufacturer. The present study showed that trace elements like serum Copper levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) where as serum Zinc levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001).At the same time HDL-C was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and TGL significantly increased (P < 0.001) in diabetic patients in comparison to controls. Abnormalities in trace elements metabolism and deranged lipid profile may add to the increased risk of complications in T2DM. Early estimation of trace elements and supplementation of the same with therapeutic intervention and correction of lipid abnormalities will help to improve the treatment outcome in these patients.

This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between economic development and environmental issues. This study shows that, in the process of economic development, due to increasing production capacity, exploitation of mineral resources, many toxic emissions have been discharged into the environment, many large cities of Vietnam have been polluted heavy. Based on that situation, the study proposes a solution to reduce environmental pollution in the process of economic development in Vietnam.

Under the background of rapid development of social economy and continuous progress of scientific information technology, new energy-saving technologies and materials have been widely used in building HVAC design, and promoted the development of China's architectural HVAC design field. The application of new energy saving technology and materials in building HVAC design can effectively reduce the energy consumption of building HVAC design and achieve the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the current opinions of undergraduate Medical students at the Pak Red Crescent Medical College of Pakistan in respect to information communication technology (ICT), by implementing e-learning system by mixing different strategies, start the e learning program first time on regular bases and then assess the feedback by MBBS Medical students from the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth year and they were asked to complete a questionnaire presented in a e-docs at the end of the sixth week of the e-learning during the lock down due to covid-19 pandemic. Students give a mix response, they feel difficulty to understand medical education first time online but later on they enjoy the whole learning process especially non clinical subjects and e feedback results shows, and Students do not want e-learning as replacing traditional instructor-based training but as a additional component to it, forming part of a blended-learning strategy. Assessments are quickly assessed and quick respond and less chance of cheating. A major disadvantage of early e-learning system, it only covers the cognation process, skill and attitude component of medical teaching and training is not fully taught and hands on activities are impossible to assess through e-learning.

Background: The balance ability represents a significant senior health factor, in particular for the individual maintenance autonomy and individual mobility. In the literature an open problem is understand the walking exercises and one-foot stance exercises effectiveness performed using tools or enviroments/conditions that give an unpredictable instability. The aim of this study is to verify the effects of motor task through instability tools and through reactive motor tasks on motor abilities in older women. Methods: A sample of 58 elderly women (67.9±5.6 years, 59.6±7.4 kg, 156.1±5.2) participated in the investigation and divided randomly into 2 groups: n=27 were included in the instability training group (IG) while n= 26 were included in the control group (CG). The instability training period lasted 8 weeks (3 sessions/week, total= 24 sessions of about 50 min). Results: The most significant interactions between program type and time in the 8-foot-up-and-go (p= <.05), 2 Minutes Step test ( p<.01), Arm Curl test (p<.005), Chair stand test (p<.01), Single Leg Stance test right foot (p<.05) and left (p<.005), 3-m Backwards Walk test (p<.005), Tandem Walk test (p<.005). Conclusions: The tools and the tasks, that generate instability and the structuring of an environment that determines sudden disturbances, increase the senior over 65 years old balance ability.

Objective: To assess the level of professionalism among nurses working in Azad Kashmir also to identify nurses’ perceived strategies to enhance professionalism among nurses. Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Twelve months, from April 2017, five tertiary care hospitals of Azad Kashmir. Methods: The study included nurses who had been providing care in five tertiary care hospitals of Azad Kashmir since 3 years. (N=150). Data was collecting by using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: Research findings revealed that by using arbitrary scale 50(33.3%) out of 150 participants got more than 60% score on Likert scale; they had high level of professionalism. While 15 (10%) respondent got more than 80% score which denote exemplary level of professionalism. Likewise, 24(16%) nurses obtained 40% and less than 40% score which expresses low level of professionalism; moreover 61(40.6%) nurses demonstrated average professional level. Conclusion: Findings of the present study display that generally professionalism among nurses is at average level. Although level of professionalism in areas of Ethical practice and Responsibility and Accountability is relatively high. Some areas showed very low level of professionalism among nurses. These are Research Participation and Utilization, Autonomy. This study advocate for less stressful and less oppressed working environment coupled with opportunity to engaging in continue education for enhancing professionalism.

Biomass briquettes can be considered as the best alternative energy source compared to wood fuel. Clean energy in households is a tool to improve human health, lower climate change impacts and save hundreds of millions of people, especially for women and children from toiling during daily fuel collection. To achieve a progressive response in sustainable development Goals, Clean and efficient household energy will improve health, gender equality, sustainable urban environments, and climate action and green recovery post COVID-19. The adoption of the energy from biomass briquettes would help Improve access and adoption of the life changing products to end users influencing their lives socially, economically and financially, improve sales and stability which will translate to more employment and more taxes for the government and improve the economy of Nigeria, achievement of NDC commitment of 20% - 45% emission reduction, generally improve the standard of living and productivity of the end users and also safeguard the environment for future generation. It is therefore recommended that; Legislate policies prosecuting individuals and companies indiscriminately clogging trees for wood fuel and charcoal production binding ministry of forestry, Agriculture and environment with such task, Fund research in order to provide various sustainable raw materials for briquettes production with high calorific value and Provide forest guards with adequate resources and welfare to safeguard our green cover, wildlife and other natural resources.