Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer faced by women around the worldwide. The Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been playing a major role in the stimulation of breast cancer. The present study aims to identify the anticancer activity of crude extract of Bacillus subtilis against breast cancer cell line by in vitro and in silico methods. Methods: The soil samples were collected from different regions in the reserve forests of Western Ghats of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu, India. Isolation of bacterial strain from the collected soil samples was performed by serial dilution method. Identification of bacterial strain was done by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The anti-cancer potential of crude extract of bacterial strain was tested against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by MTT assay. Further, the bioactive compounds found in the crude extract of bacterial strain was identified by GC-MS and the identified compounds was subjected to in silico docking studies against the targeted breast cancer protein Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Result: The bacterial strain isolated from the soil sample by serial dilution method was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA analysis. In vitro anti-breast cancer analysis of crude extract of Bacillus subtilis showed potential activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with the IC50 value of 100μg/ml. The GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Bacillus subtilis showed twenty-six bioactive compounds. The compound Metaraminol showed maximum docking score -7.27 Kcal/mol against the target protein. Conclusion: The crude extract of soil bacterium showed potent anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell lines. Further, the bioactive compounds showed good binding interactions with the virulence factor of breast cancer. Thus, the compounds of soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis could effectively used as leads for developing drugs against breast cancer.

The use of donor eggs in assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased rapidly since the first birth following the use of this technology to a woman experiencing primary ovarian failure in 1983. In 2011 (the most recent year for which statistics are available), 18,530 ART cycles in the India involved the use of donor eggs. That represents 13.9% of all ART cycles, up from approximately 8% in 1995, the first year such data were collected. In 2011, 7,902 live births resulted from the use of donor eggs. National statistics do not indicate either the number of donors or the number of recipients involved in the process. Equivalent global statistics are difficult to compile due to variable mechanisms for tracking and presenting oocyte donation practices across jurisdictions. While the benefits of oocyte donation in assisting reproduction of women who are unable to produce eggs are clear, many aspects of oocyte procurement and use remain controversial. Indeed, with the introduction of egg donation for research and cryopreservation of eggs, the controversies are increasing. This paper will focus specifically on the controversies surrounding the legality and morality of various forms of payment for egg donation, including direct reimbursement for financial expenses incurred by participating in donation, compensation for time, discomfort, and inconvenience, reward for participating in donation that goes beyond compensation, and purchase of eggs. Apart from a nearly universal perspective that oocytes should not be purchased and sold as commodities, no consensus has been reached on appropriate recompense for egg donors. Major issues in this debate include the relative acceptability of monetary payment versus payment in the form of reduced fees for other reproductive services (often as a result of egg or sperm sharing) and the factors to be considered in determining the just compensation for the time, pain, discomfort, and potential physical risk egg donors face in this process. The effects of legal interventions imposed in various national contexts on the availability of this technology, the influence of egg cryopreservation, and the use of donated eggs for research rather than reproduction are discussed.

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours are uncommon and it occurs mainly in adolescent age group1, and very rarely in post-menopausal period. Clear cell carcinoma ovary occurs in older age groups [1]. They occur either in pure form or maybe associated with other types of germ cell neoplasm. Yolk sac tumours rarely coexists with epithelial carcinoma, and is rare in post- menopausal women. Here we report a case of 60-year-old post-menopausal women with bilateral ovarian malignancy which contained components of clear cell carcinoma and yolk sac tumour. Such a combination of tumours are rare [2].

Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder. It is an important cause of maternal mortality in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria and is associated with a five-fold increase in perinatal mortality. Identifying modifiable factors to decrease oxidative stress in the pregnant woman’s environment may be an inexpensive and non-invasive therapy for decreasing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia. This study aimed at comparing the levels of 3 oxidative stress markers; glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4 antioxidants (Catalase, Vitamins A, C and E) in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women in Sokoto. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 199 normotensive and 201 preeclamptic women attending the antenatal clinics or admitted to the pre-eclamptic/eclamptic wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto or Specialist Hospital Sokoto. Structured questionnaires were administered and relevant information obtained. Blood samples were obtained by standard laboratory techniques and assayed for the oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. Statistical analysis was by GraphPad InStat Software (version 3.0) San Diego, USA. Results: The mean levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and GPX were increased in the preeclamptic women (3.44±1.25 and 71.53 ± 26.02) when compared to controls (3.024±1.08 and 62.58 ± 22.45) respectively (p=0.00) while SOD was decreased in the cases (13.00±15.27) when compared to the controls (57.21 ± 38.08) p=0.00. The antioxidant Vitamins A and C were significantly decreased in the preeclamptic women (1.52±1.68 and 0.14±1.33) p=0.00 while Catalase was increased (50.93±36.22; p=0.00). Conclusion: The results of this study are in agreement with most previous studies which showed that markers of lipid peroxidation were increased in the plasma of women with preeclampsia. Follow-up studies, are needed to enable us arrive at the certain conclusion that interventions with antioxidants and vitamins may be the panacea to this disease in our sub-region.

This research paper, we present the first programming environment and modeling language which integrates inheritance within a computer algebra language. This environment and language, called Object Math (Object oriented Mathematical language for scientific computing), is currently being used for industrial applications in advanced mathematical economic analysis, but is generally applicable to other areas. Using Object Math, it is possible to model classes of equation objects, to support inheritance of equations, and to solve systems of equations. The Object Math environment is designed to handle realistic problems. This is achieved by allowing the user to specify transformations and simplifications of formulae in the model, in order to arrive at a representation which is efficiently solvable. Such algebraic transformations can conveniently be supported since Object Math models are translated into the Mathematica computer algebra language. When necessary, equations can be transformed to C++ code for effic.

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is most common hypertension in expectant women after 20 weeks growing the risk of subsequent hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Reduced renovation of the spiral artery is particularly being well-thought-out as a cause failing. Maternal hypertension effects placental insufficiency, which can disturb the nutrition and the oxygen supply to the fetus. In hypertensive mothers, the potential of placental insufficiency is raised leading to intrauterine growth retardation but peak systolic velocity of middle cerebral artery has no reference value for our population. No matter, Ultrasonography can examine dynamically in real-time. However, the sonographic criteria in practice have no clear-cut numerical value to label IUGR. Objective: To compare peak systolic velocity of fetal middle cerebral artery among normotensive and hypertensive mothers. Setting: The data was collected from the following setups of Pakistan. 1) Mushtaq Medical Imaging Sargodha. 2) PAF Hospital Lahore. Materials and methods: The study was conducted after the approval of ethical committee of the University of Lahore. All patients were enrolled in this study after signing the informed consent form. Toshiba Xario with convex transducer of frequency 3-5 MHz was used. Fetal Middle cerebral artery indices were measured by Pulsed and Power Doppler through trans-abdominal scan. A cross sectional analytical sampling technique was used and data was further analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version twenty-four (SPSS 24, International Business Machines, Armonk, NY, the United States of America). Results: Among 137 patients, 60(43.8%) patients were hypertensive with mean PSV of the MCA, 35.63 cm/s and 77 (56.2%) normotensive patients with mean PSV of 36.64 cm/s. Conclusions: Peak systolic velocity of fetal middle cerebral artery in hypertensive mothers is less than that of Normotensive mothers.

In Ayurveda, Amla-pitta and Shula are the diseases caused by improper digestion of food. Though medical science considered the excessive use of NSAID and Helicobacter Pylori are two leading causes. Infection of H. pylori progresses from gastritis to more severe upper gastrointestinal tract disorders. H. pylori colonize the stomachs of more than half of the human population. In the Vrayatrya (Triad of Major Ayurvedic texts) Amla-pitta is not mentioned. However, Acharya Sushruta, Harita, Kashyap has described Shula in their treatise. For this disorder, single and compound herbal drugs were prescribed. Moreover, Acharya Chakradutta started the use of Iron and calcium-containing compound in compound formulations for the first time. Calcium carbonate is a rapidly acting acid neutralizer. However, the role of iron in these disorders is not clear in terms of modern pharmacology. Iron is an excellent carrier of oxygen, so it ceases the suitable conditions for the survival of micro-aerophilic organisms like H. Pylori. Acharya charka termed this principle of treatment as Prakarti vighata in context of Krimi Chikitsa. So Lauha Bhasma and their compound formulation might be efficiently inhibiting Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori.

In Ayurveda word, ‘Kushtha’ means a pathological condition which despises the skin. Majority of the dermatological disorders have been described under this umbrella term. ‘Dadru’ is one of the twenty types of Kustha. Its correlation with cutaneous fungus infection by modern Ayurveda scholars. Itching and moist skin is the chief cardinal feature of Dadru. Various Lepa, Churna, Asawa and Vati etc., are mentioned in various Classical Text. Very few medicines are tested for their efficacy and toxicity on animals, and their clinical study is evaluated. While these medicines are very frequently used in day to day clinical practice. To improve the compliance and global acceptance of the Ayurvedic medicine standardization, toxicity study, experimental study and conversion into new dosage forms are required. Conventional Dadrughn Lepa was converted into its cream by adding Polysorbate 80, Cetomacrogol B.P., Carbopol and glycerine. This study aims to investigate the In-vitro antifungal property of the Dadrughn lepa, Dadrughn oil and Dadrughn Cream to evaluate against three common dermatophytic species, viz. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum adopting Agar cup diffusion technique. The studied drug shows very enthusiastic result to treat the fungal disease of the skin.

An organisation's success depends heavily on its Human Resource. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays an important role in accomplishing the organizational targets. With massive contribution to Indian economic system, the retail industry has performed an incredible role in India. With the arrival of large retail businesses, the retailing industry experienced enormous changes. Organized retailing is undergoing a metamorphosis in India and is expected to increase to meet global standards. The need for successful HRM activities has increased rapidly in this world of cut throat competition. HRM operations have now become their primary concern. The paper before us is an effort to examine the HRM activities adopted in India's structured retail sector. The report also sheds light on the difficulties faced by the industry by Human Resource (HR), and recommended steps to improve the Indian scene working culture.

Clay is an earth resource which is taken as a raw material for a vast range of industrial applications because of peerless properties of such clay. Analysis of the particle size distributions of anthill clay, brick clay and roof tile clay with the important parameters were the aims and objectives of the existing research. In the dry sieve analysis, ASTM D422 standard methodology was followed while performing a microscopic analysis of each type of clay using an optical microscope. Based on the requirements of the testing of water absorption and splitting tensile loads, bricks were manufactured from each clay type. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation, there were obtained well graded particle arrangement from roof tile clay, gap graded arrangement from anthill clay and uniformly graded arrangement from anthill clay, lowest PH value from anthill clay, maximum splitting tensile load from roof tile clay brick, maximum water absorption from anthill clay brick, maximum natural moisture content from roof tile clay and relatively higher finer weight percentage of particles from roof tile clay under both microscopic analysis and sieve analysis.

Background: The cardiac and respiratory arrest has high mortality rate which can be easily prevented with simple maneuver and skills and CPR which is an effective procedures if adopted under BLS within early critical minutes of cardiac and respiratory arrest. The aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness of basic life support (BLS) among doctors. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on doctors working in Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad and Jamshoro. A multi-section questionnaire regarding awareness of Basic Life Support. In total 348 doctors were selected through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Analysis was done in SPSS version 22.0 & Chi-square test was applied to seek association between variable of interest. Results: The relationship of awareness about BLS to age & gender of respondents cumulatively showed significant association (p=0.01). Regarding years of job experience, 60.91% had experience 2-6 years; another 11.8% participants had experience of more than 14 years. Regarding previous experience of BLS, 69% of respondents replied that they had previous experience of BLS. Around 94.0 respondents were of the opinion that CPR procedure should bemandatory to all health care providers. There were 71.8% respondents who had complete knowledge about all components of chest compression during CPR. Conclusions: Despite the high level of awareness about BLS among doctors & enabling environment of hospitals, there is a gap in practicing it. This gap needs to be filled through continuous persuasion of health care providers.

Cognitive radio network is a key to effectively utilize the underutilized radio spectrum. It works on the basis of Software Defined Radio. Spectrum sensing is the most important part of the cognitive radio system and it is used to detect the presence of signal in the air. There are many techniques to sense spectrum like Matched filter based detection, Energy detection, Cyclostationary detection and Wavelet based detection. In the proposed work, Energy detection is chosen in which spectrum sensing is done by considering static and dynamic threshold level. To evaluate the performance of the detection techniques, MATLAB software has been used for simulation. Simulations were carried out and graphs of probability of detection vs. the probability of false alarm were observed and analysed. The detection probability increases with respect to the increase in false alarm. Also significant reductions in probability of missed detection have been achieved with this sensing technique. The detection probability also varies with the SNR value. SNR has a great influence on the probability of detection. With an increase in SNR value, the probability of detection increases.

In 2020, the worldwide corona virus outbreak has officially been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the WHO, a pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease. A pandemic is when an epidemic spreads between countries. Numerous viral infections have arisen and affected global healthcare facilities. HIV/AIDS, bubonic plague, smallpox, cholera, flu and influenza caused by virus are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Corona viruses cause common cold and infections which are generally self-resolving. Any outbreaks of these diseases across international borders are properly defined as pandemic, especially smallpox which throughout history has killed between 300-500 million people in its 12,000 year existence. Millions of individuals are at serious chance of obtaining a few advancing viral contaminations.

Despite the challenge, some complex surgical interventions will require a general anaesthesia which must be of rapid onset and recovery qualities to minimize the risks. Propofol, a phenolic compound meets the requirement of general anaesthetic agent in ruminants with its rapid onset and recovery properties and minimal effect on the vital and haematological parameters. Propofol has been used without adverse effects on cardiopulmonary and haematological parameters in pregnant goats. Like in other breeds of goat studied, we therefore hypothesized that propofol has no adverse effects or cardiopulmonary system and haematologic parameters and is safe for pregnant Red Sokoto goats. Five (5) healthy pregnant Red Sokoto does (19±0.6kg) were acquired for the purpose of this study and stage of pregnancy was ascertained with the aid B-mode real time transcutaneous ultrasonography. After 14 days of acclimatization, propofol anaesthesia was induced at 4 mg kg-1 and maintained at 0.4 mgkg-1min-1 continuous infusion rate for 60 minutes. Vital parameters were taken using the standard procedures and blood samples were collected through a pre-placed intravenous catheter at pre-induction period (0 minute) to serve as the baseline and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes during anaesthesia. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the parameters measure except the respiratory rate, MCV and MCH that increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 120 minute period of observation. We therefore concluded that propofol is safe for anaesthesia in pregnant RSG with minimal to no effect on vital and haematological parameters.

Introduction: Human orbit is a complex anatomical region, comprising visual apparatus along with its neurovascular structures. Morphometric analysis of orbit is of significant value for anthropologists, anatomists, forensic experts and surgeons. The objective of this study was to provide gender-related data on various orbital parameters in the North Indian population, and to compare the results with previous authors. Materials and Methods: The orbital dimensions of 86 dry adult skulls (45 males and 41 females) were used for direct measurement with vernier caliper. The calculation was carried out on both the right and the left sides. All the data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean orbital height for males and females was 32.53 ±2.00 mm and 32.43 ±1.57 mm while the mean orbital width was 39.98 ±1.81 mm and 39.37 ±1.65 mm, respectively. The mean volume of the bony orbit was 26.09 ±2.15 ml in males, and 24.04 ±2.30 ml in females. Orbital index was calculated by using the formula Ht /Br x 100. The mean orbital index was 81.51 ±6.11 mm and 82.54 ±5.38 mm in males and females respectively, which classified both genders in the microseme category of orbit. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the right and left side of the orbital parameters. Conclusion: Comparison of findings with earlier research reveals that the anatomical character of the orbital cavity differs greatly, not only because of the diversity of the parameters used, but also because of ethnic variations, different methods of measurement and sample size. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a baseline orbital morphometric data for the North Indian population, which is very useful during plastic surgery, maxillofacial and neurosurgery, as well as in forensic science.