Oral health services assessment is an ongoing global challenge for improvement of services, quality enhancement and preventing oral diseases. One strategy is to investigate the utilization and access to dental care, and exploring the underlying factors. In Saudi Arabia, only few published studies explored the utilization of dental care services. Hence, this review attempt focusing on the findings of utilization, including manner of use and the associated factors. Only certain possible causes have been studied, and there is limited evidence of the utilization of dental care in Saudi Arabia. Even larger, well-designed studies are needed in order to be a baseline evidence for potential evaluation of progress in dental services after adopting the necessary acts.

Background: Reports suggest that HIV-infected patients have elevated D-dimer levels that may be related to chronic inflammation and coagulation abnormalities. Levels of D-dimer have also been reported to be higher in HIV treatment-naïve patients compared to treatment- experienced patients. HIV infection has also been associated with a decrease in the number of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells resulting primarily from a combination of increased apoptosis and decreased lymphopoiesis. Methods: Eighty (80) subjects attending HIV clinic at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers state who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. A commercial assay kit; ELISA Kit for D-Dimer (D2D) (manufactured by Uscn Life Science IncorporatedR USA) was used with a TC96+ ELISA microplate reader (manufactured by Ceco diagnosticR USA) to determine the D-dimer level. CD4 + T-cell count was evaluated using the Partec Cyflow counter-1, a single-platform, three-parameter (SSC plus two-colour fluorescence) desktop volumetric flow cytometer (manufactured by Sysmex PartecR Germany).Full blood count was carried out on the EDTA anticoagulated sample using the Horiba Abx Micros 60 Haematology Analyser (manufactured by Horiba instruments incorporatedR USA). Results: The D-dimer level was found to be lower in HAART- experienced subjects (288.35 ± 129.12 ng/ml) than HAART-naïve subjects (389.85 ± 217.61ng/ml.) (P= 0.013).The mean CD4+ T-cell count of HAART–naïve subjects was 379.33±287.25 cell/ul and for HAART–experienced subjects was 387.55±334.85 cell/ul. Their mean difference was not statistically significant (P=0.906). Conclusion: It was observed that there was no correlation between D-Dimer and CD4+ T-cell count in HAART-naive and experienced subjects.

This review article discussed on neonatal jaundice which is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels Other clinical features may include excess sleepiness or loss of appetite. Consequences may include seizures, cerebral palsy. It may happen due to physiologic or pathologic etiologies. The need for treatment relies on bilirubin levels, the age of the child, and the underlying cause treatment may include more frequent feeding, phototherapy, or exchange transfusions.

This study aims to determine (1) Earnings Response Coefficient, Dividend Payout Ratio, and Stock Price, (2) the effect of Dividend Payout Ratio on Earnings Response Coefficient, and (3) the effect of Earnings Response Coefficient and Dividend Payout Ratio partially and simultaneously on Stock Price in technology sector companies listed in the Nikkei 225 Index. Samples from this study are 57 technology sector companies listed in the Nikkei 225 Index which were selected using the technique sampling saturated (census). The analysis technique used is path analysis. The results showed that: (1) Earnings Response Coefficient, Dividend Payout Ratio, and Stock Price show varying results for each company, (2) Dividend Payout Ratio has a negative effect on Earnings Response Coefficient, and (3) Earnings Response Coefficient and Dividend Payout Ratio partially and simultaneously have a positive effect on Stock Price in technology sector companies listed in the Nikkei 225 Index.

Introduction: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, causing about 46% of global under-five child mortality. In sepsis, C - reactive protein (CRP) is elevated and Phosphate levels are low in blood and severity of hypophosphatemia also relates with poor outcome. The present study aims to measure levels of CRP, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P) and Ca:P ratio in cord blood of neonates with or without sepsis. Methods: Cord blood samples of 60 neonates were enrolled for the study. Samples were divided into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of sepsis in first 24 hrs of birth as decided by pediatrician. Measurement of CRP, calcium, phosphate, Calcium: phosphate ratio (Ca:P ratio) was done. Data so collected was analyzed with SPSS 20 software. Results: Neonates with sepsis had significantly high CRP and low phosphate levels in the cord blood. Ca:P ratio showed significant correlation with increasing CRP levels. Factors which did not show any significant correlation between the two groups were serum calcium levels, gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery. 81.8% of neonates in group 2 (sepsis group) had phosphate level < 8.8 mg/dl(median level). Conclusion: Elevated CRP levels and Hypophosphatemia is present in neonates with sepsis. There is a negative correlation between serum phosphate and CRP levels. CRP has also been proposed as a diagnostic tool being easily measurable, affordable and convenient. Decreased Ca:P ratio should be taken care of while dealing with parenteral nutrition in such neonates. Phosphate levels must be carefully monitored in such cases.

The research work investigated the effect of leachate sludge waste materials from fish rearing pond on the geotechnical properties of soils from dumpsites. Results of investigations conducted on the control sites at 30m away from each dumpsite of bulk unit weight have incremental percentage values over control sites. Percentage (%) passing BS sieve #200 is higher in dumpsites over control with percentile value increase. Obtained results showed the presence of leachate material affects the physical properties of soil as percentages passing sieve #200 are higher in dumpsite materials. The consistency limits of the control sites of Liquid over plastic limits are summarized into the plastic index (LL-PL=PI), the obtained results indicated reductions values over dumpsites, this indicated that dumpsites leachate materials affected consistency limits of soils with higher values recorded in dumpsites. The entire results of grain size distribution showed that leachate percolation from waste materials affected the distribution properties of soil with dumpsites samples in dominants over control sites. Results indicated reductions in Unconfined compressive strength of control sites, these results showed that the presence of leachate materials has a great effect on soil properties of tested. The California bearing ration results of unsoaked and soaked of dumpsites have higher values over control sites. Results of California bearing ratio obtained showed that the presence of contaminants from waste dumpsites affected the geotechnical properties of tested soil with higher percentage values of dumpsites over control sites. The entire results showed that the presence of fish pond waste sludge has great negative effects on the geotechnical properties of soil.

Under the background of "mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation ", the education of innovation and entrepreneurship in agricultural colleges and universities of China has gradually developed and made some achievements, but it also faces more problems. This paper considers the present situation and problems of education in agricultural colleges and universities, and introduces the spirit of Beidahuang into the cultivation of mass entrepreneurship and innovation talents in agricultural colleges and universities, in order to explore how to use the abundant resources of the spirit of Beidahuang to improve the quality of mass entrepreneurship and Innovation talent training and finally improve the comprehensive quality of agricultural talents.

Fusarium is a widely distributed filamentous fungus in plant debris, soil water. Species most repeatedly caught up in human infections are Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme. The clinical presentation of fusariosis depends mainly on the immune status of the host. The superficial and localized disease occurs mostly in immunocompetent patients, while invasive and disseminated disease affects mostly immunocompromised patients. The common risk factors for fusariosis to develop include prolonged leukopenia, immunosuppressive drugs and organ transplantation. The present case depicts the finding of spindle shaped structures of fusarium in routine urine examination of immuno-compromised post renal transplant patient.

This article presents the Husserlian conception of arithmetic, based on its psychological and phenomenological analyzes. Our goal is to analyze what Husserl presents as a structure of subjectivity, through the experiences of number consciousness. We start from the logico-psychological problems linked to the foundation of mathematics to restructure the subjective substance that governs the conceptualization of scientific foundations; we go through representative psychology to measure the objective dimension of arithmetic and see that number, as quantity, proceeds from a psychic construction. We clarify the path followed by Husserl in the development of phenomenology as a descriptive science, where subjectivity is a condition for the possibility of knowledge. We arrive at the result according to which, scientific objectivity is the corollary of a subjective a priori.

Introduction: Meningiomas are one of the most common primary intracranial tumours. Although most meningiomas are benign, the spectrum also includes atypical and malignant meningiomas. Clinical outcome of meningiomas is often difficult to predict. The stratification of risk on the basis of histomorphology alone remains problematic; thus additional biomarkers are needed. In this study biomarkers of prognostic and therapeutic interest like Ki-67, p53 and HER2/neu have been studied in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and methods: A retrospective study on histologically diagnosed meningiomas was undertaken. Slides were retrieved and reviewed. Clinical details were recorded from the files in the archives of the department. Immunohistochemical staining with markers Ki-67, p53 and HER2/neu were performed and the findings were interpreted. Results: The study included 17 cases with an age range of 16 to 73 years and a male: female ratio of 1.1:1.There were 11 cases (64.7%) of primary tumours and 6 cases (35.3%) were recurrent tumours. WHO Grade I meningiomas were maximum and accounted for 70.5% followed by grade II (17.5%) and grade III (12%) meningiomas. Ki-67 expression was seen in all cases with progressively increased expression in higher grades. p53 expression was observed in all the cases with higher levels (>10%) in Grade II and Grade III meningiomas compared to grade I meningiomas. The HER2/neu staining was negative in all cases studied. Conclusion: Grade I meningiomas appear to have low mitotic count on morphology but have higher proliferation rate on Ki-67 studies. Most of the recurrent tumours have higher p53 expression (>10%). Hence, adjuvant studies with biomarkers Ki-67 and p53 will be helpful in precise grading of meningiomas.

This study aims to analyze service quality and institutional image of customer satisfaction and implications for customer loyalty (case study: Yadika 12 Depok Junior High School). The research data uses primary and secondary data. Secondary data was obtained from various sources such as journals, books and other related publications, as well as through school administration staff and also the vice principal of the academic field. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to respondents, namely parents and students Yadika 12 Depok Junior High School. The sampling method used in this study is quota sampling with 122 respondents. The analyst method uses path analysis using SPSS version 22. The results shown that service quality and institutional image have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality does not affect customer loyalty, while institutional image through customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. And customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. School management effort that can be done is to improve and develop sustainably, and maintain the quality and image of a good institution.

In India only few studies are focused on hematological parameters in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). This study was undertaken to study haematological parameters in ESRD patients undergoing regular haemodialysis and to compare haematological parameters in these patients before and after haemodialysis. Chronic Kidney Disease is a global public health problem responsible for high morbidity and mortality with greater burden of cost of care especially in developing countries like India. Adult patients with ESRD undergoing regular haemodialysis at Tertiary Care Hospital, Hemodialysis unit were included in the study, irrespective of their etiology. ESRD was diagnosed by nephrologist with creatinine clearance < 15 ml/min calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation, biochemical and radiological investigations. With proper aseptic precautions, 5 ml venous blood collected in EDTA vacutainer just before starting haemodialysis and after completion of haemodialysis. Mean age of the patients was 41.03±12.6 years with maximum number of male patients with diabetes mellitus with hypertension being most common cause for ESRD. There was statistically significant difference in post haemodialysis value as compared with predialysis value for haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, RBC count and platelet count. Globally, the dialysis-monitoring strategy is principally based on measurement of biochemical parameters before and after each session of dialysis. This study indicate that most haematological parameters in Hemodialysis patients are significantly altered both pre and post haemodialysis. Thus, monitoring the haematological parameters may help in deciding erythropoietin stimulating agent dose, preventing possible complications and consequently reducing the mortality/morbidity rate in ESRD patients on haemodialysis.

The Indian system of Ayurvedic medicine has described three basic physiological constituents of human body, viz., dosha, dhatu and mala. Acharya Sushruta was a great surgeon in ancient India known today as the “Father of Shalya Tantra (Surgery)” for inventing and developing surgical procedures. Acharya Sushruta has elaborately described the defining characteristic of Shalakya tantra. It comprises of the disease of shalakya tantra as narrated by king of Videha (the author of Nimi Tantra). Acharya Sushruta first ever has described the anatomy of eye in relation to their shape, size of various anatomical components. Acharya Sushruta has also described the Netra roga in a very systematic manner. In the Uttara tantram, Sushruta recites an elaborated classification of eye disease complete with signs, symptoms, prognosis and medically surgical interventions. In the foetus, the parts of eye are originated from akasha, vayu, agni, apa and prithvi mahabhuta. Acharya Sushruta has described all anatomical structures of the eye in terms of madala, patala, sandhis, peshi, marma, sira and Dristi. Susruta delineated fine anatomical divisions mandala of eye. Different Acharyas have their own view in the utpatti (origin) of Netra during garbhawastha kala. Increased demand of Ayurveda science in the present society is required to understand the depth of Ayurvedic principle in an easy mode. Hence an effort has been made to ascertain and establish the knowledge regarding anatomical structure of netra sharir.

Background & Objectives: Peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation is one of the most common surgical emergencies attended by a surgeon on duty. Despite many advances in anti-microbial and supportive care, the mortality rate of diffuse peritonitis remains unacceptably high (10-20%). The treatment of peritonitis and the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches are hampered by lack of precise classification. A scoring system should be able to assess the need, type and quality of the care required for a particular patient. Realizing the need for a simple accurate scoring system in these conditions the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prognosis in patients with perforation peritonitis using Mannheim Peritonitis Index. Materials & Methods: Single centered, observational analytical study conducted in Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute. In our study, we have included 64 patients after meeting the inclusion criteria. As per the study protocol, patient data was collected at the time of admission and intra operatively in the Surgery Department. Mannheim Peritonitis Index score was applied to assess the outcome and data analyzed. Results and Discussion: Out of 64 patients studied, statistically significant correlation was observed between incidence of mortality and the risk factors namely, age more than 50 yrs.(25.9%), presence of organ failure(36.4%), preoperative duration more than 24 hrs.(18.6%), diffuse peritonitis(18.2%) and feacal exudates (45.5%). No statistically significant correlation was observed between incidence of mortality and the risk factors namely female sex, non-colonic origin of sepsis, presence of malignancy. Conclusion: In our study population, all risk factors included in the Mannheim Peritonitis Index namely presence of organ failure; preoperative duration> 24hrs; age>50 years, generalized extension of peritonitis and type of exudate had significant association with adverse outcome while in patients with the non-colonic origin of sepsis, presence of malignancy and of the female sex there was no significant association of these risk factors with adverse outcome (mortality). The overall mortality in our study is 12.5%. Mortality in patients with MPI score < 21 was 0%, 21-29 was 4.3% and >29 was 53.84%. This reproducible scoring system allows a surgeon to determine the severity of intra-abdominal infections, to select a more aggressive management for high risk patients and to be able to inform patient's relatives with greater objectivity.

This study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity and serum lipid profile of pet- ether leave, stem bark and root extract of jatropha curcas in male albino rats. Fourty-nine (49) adult wister rats weighing between 160-240mg/kg was purchased and 14 wister rats were used for acute toxicity study while the remaining 35 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. The normal control (group 1) received normal saline, while groups 2 to 7 administered with leave, stem bark and root extracts of jatropha curcas at low dosse (200 mg/kg body weight) and high doses (400 mg/kg body weight). The extracts were administered orally for seven consecutive days, while the animals were sacrificed on the 8th day; blood samples were collected, allowed to stand for fifteen minutes and then centrifuged to obtained the serum for lipid profile analysis. This result showed that the oral administration of the leave, stem bark and root extract of Jatropha Curcas possess hypolipidemic activity and may be useful in the management of cardiovascular disease. While acute toxicity (LD50) of the Leave, Stem Bark and Root Extract of Jatropha Curcas is greater than 5000mg/kg hence its declared practically non-toxic to the experimental animals.