In India, cataract accounts for 80% of treatable blindness. Many factors such as ageing, altered blood electrolyte levels, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nutrition and family history are involved in cataract genesis. Lens has a high content of potassium and low content of sodium. These two cations are in balance with each other due to Na+- K+-ATPase pump and lens capsular permeability. Normally to maintain lens membrane permeability, water electrolyte balance must be maintained intracellularly as well as extracellurly. Hence alteration in cation concentration of aqueous humors can be attributed to changes in the serum electrolytes, these ultimately affect lens metabolism leading to cataract formation. The composition of aqueous humour has been studied in various animals. Few human aqueous humour studies were conducted so far. An attempt is made here to establish a range for the electrolytes mentioned i.e. sodium, potassium, and chloride in the human aqueous humour in cataract patients and also compare it with serum electrolyte levels. It’s a case control study. Sample size includes 60. Aqueous humour and serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-) were estimated by ion selective electrode method. Sodium and Chloride levels were higher in serum compared to aqueous humour. Further sodium levels were increased from Grade I to Grade IV cataract. Biochemical parameters such as serum electrolytes can be used as marker to determine the risk involved in progression of cataract. This serum electrolytes measurement should be done as a routine screening investigation as it might help in predicting early development of senile cataract.

Cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy not only have modifying functions, but also are related to thinking. Cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor and metonymy are important means for us to expand our thinking. We can automatically and unconsciously obtain these modes of thinking metaphor and metonymy, and use metaphor and metonymy for thinking. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper explores two important ways of thinking: metonymy and metaphor, which are rooted in people’s basic experience and constitute our daily thinking and action. Communication is restricted by the principles of information, economy, cognitive salience and social needs. The speaker either uses the knowledge structure in the source domain to highlight the knowledge structure in the target domain, that is, he uses metaphor, or chooses the highlighted and easily perceived part to replace the whole or other parts of the whole; and uses the whole with Gestalt perception to represent the information to be conveyed, that is, he uses metonymy to communicate. Therefore, the meaning beyond the discourse comes into being.

Background: The waste produced in the course of healthcare activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment as well. Objective: The objective was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and sanitary staff regarding biomedical waste management. Setting: The study was conducted among hospitals (bed capacity >1000) of Allahabad city. Participants: Medical personnel included were, nurses (15) and sanitary staff (15) conclusion: The importance of training regarding biomedical waste management needs emphasis; lack of proper and complete knowledge about biomedical waste management impacts practices of appropriate waste disposal.

According to the studies, Saudi Arabia has acquired the 26th position in the Health care sector in the WHO ranking. Cancer is one of the leading health diseases in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. In Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Human Genome Project (SHGP) was initiated to understand the genetic distribution of Cancer cells. The aim of this study is to survey the opinion of people living in Saudi Arabia about Cancer. The opinion of the general adult population of Saudi Arabia about cancer is determined using a pre-designed, validated questionnaire. About 18.1 million cases of cancer were registered globally and 9.6 million death rates due to cancer were reported in the year 2018.The total mean score of this study was that 75% of the population residing in Saudi Arabia knows what Cancer is. To increase the knowledge of the people about signs and symptoms of Cancer and the cause of the Cancer and the preventions that can be taken at many cancer control activities need to be performed in Saudi Arabia. After carrying out the survey, we would like to increase other people's knowledge about Cancer and then motivate them to participate in cancer preventive activities.

Lung cancers are broadly classified as small-cell carcinomas and non-small-cell carcinomas. Non-small-cell lung cancer is more common and it accounts for up to 75% of lung cancers. Determination of the development of cancer to lungs is solely dependent on mutation of cells leading to the expression of tumor specific proteins. Hence a clear understanding of the vital structural design and physiology of the lungs assists in determination of the stages of this disease. The anatomical architecture of the lungs and their organization with adjacent organs throws light on the site of origin of malignancy, its spreading pattern and clinical presentation etc. This article has summarized the types of lung cancer, pathophysiology along with the microenvironment. The article includes the discussion on the treatment interventions such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, the promising potential of immunotherapies and target-oriented therapies in NSCLC. Even though, the lung cancer is escapable however, it is usually diagnosed at an incurable stage.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee has issued a series of major decision-making arrangements for comprehensively revitalizing the Northeast region and other old industrial bases, thus promoting the northeast rejuvenation to develop in-depth. High-quality development in the Northeast cannot be separated from talent. The spirit of Beidahuang is the precious spiritual wealth formed in the historical process of large-scale development and construction in Northeast China. Under the background of northeast revitalization, Inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of Beidahuang has important value and function to strengthen the work of talent training.

Cross-border shopping represents an important concept for online cross-border e-commerce in 2020. We took place in mainland China with the covid-19 in 2019, which led to a large number of consumers buying masks globally. Many consumers will go to other countries to buy medical products such as masks and alcohol through online cross-border means. Consumers' purchase cognition, impulse purchase and illness information all lead to consumers' purchase intention and satisfaction. The public medical event caused consumers to buy masks, alcohol and other medical products in large quantities to prevent the epidemic. The results of this study show that consumers' expected purchase of goods, mainly due to the shortage of masks, indirectly leads to consumers' expected purchase of goods on online foreign e-commerce platforms. We found that consumers' expectations and perceptions lead to impulsive online purchases and ultimately to an understanding of consumer satisfaction.

Tooth impaction occurs when a tooth is prevented from erupting into the oral cavity which is their functional position within an expected time. The mandibular third molars are the most frequently impacted tooth in the oral cavity. Some studies have reported a higher frequency in females than males. A search through the literature shows that no study has been done to ascertain the socioeconomic status of patients presenting with third molar impaction in Nigeria. This study is therefore aimed at determining the pattern of presentation and socioeconomic distribution of patients presenting at the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital for extraction of impacted third molar. 337 patients with impacted third molar who had indication for extraction and had met the inclusion criteria were included in the study after obtaining a signed consent. The positions of impacted third molar teeth on the panoramic radiographs were documented. Associated disorders and every other indication for surgical extraction was documented. Patients were stratified into three socioeconomic classes using the modified version of questionnaire by chukwuonye et al and Balogun et al. Data were analyzed using a Pearson chi-square test, performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20; SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). A total of 337 patients met the inclusion criteria within the two year study period. The sample consisted of 129(40.9%) male and 208(59.1%) female. The difference between male and female was statistically significant (P= 0.04). Most third molar extraction that was recorded in the third decade of life where 172 (51.0%) cases were recorded. The most prevalent type of impaction recorded was the mesio-angular position (49.9%). The most common pathology associated with impacted third molars was pericoronitis which was recorded in 135cases out of total of 337 patients. Majority of the patients who had third molar extraction belong to the middle socioeconomic class (42.7%) followed by patients in high socio-economic class (40.9%).Third molar impaction was commoner in females than males with mesio- angular impaction being the most common type. It was most commonly found in the third decade of life and pericoronitis was the most common associated pathology. Majority of the studied subjects belong to the middle socioeconomic class.

Study of dividend policy and stock prices in the capital market has attracted considerable interest in corporate finance literature. Theoretical postulates and empirical evidence from country specific and cross-country studies are divided across lines, as some support the existence of a positive significant implication while others submit entirely negative and non-significant implication on the studied topic. Thus, this paper examines Nigerian context of dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks with study range of 2004-2018. The study is hinged on the theoretical postulates of dividend relevance theory and Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The study employed model stability test and Error Correction Model (ECM) after determining the stationarity status of the time series data employed in the study, using ADF test, while Johansen Co-integration test was used to predict the existence of two long-run co-integrating relationships among variables. The empirical result reveals a significant dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the established Financial Regulatory council (FRC) to step up regulatory oversight functions to ensure transparency, business ethics and good corporate governance in the banking industry particularly quoted commercial banks in Nigeria, as this will help curtail the anxiety of investors and relatively reduce the practices of declaration of huge paper profits, insider trading, manipulation of stock prices and other nefarious acts.

We report a case of assessment of haemodynamics of myocardial bridging (MB) of the right coronary artery using myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Although most patients with MB are asymptomatic, some may present with ischemia and related complications, including myocardial stunning, infarction, arrhythmia, AV block, transient LV dysfunction and sudden death and hence it becomes necessary to evaluate the hemodynamics of these patients with MB whether symptomatic or not using MPI which is effective and noninvasive. The index case was a 61 year old man found to have myocardial bridging of the right coronary artery. He had no preceding symptom of ischaemia. Myocardial perfusion imaging however established the presence of inferior wall ischaemia in the absence of any coronary artery lumen narrowing.

Background: Reports suggest that HIV-infected patients have elevated D-dimer levels that may be related to chronic inflammation and coagulation abnormalities. Levels of D-dimer have also been reported to be higher in HIV treatment-naïve patients compared to treatment- experienced patients. Methods: Eighty (80) subjects attending HIV clinic at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers state who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. A commercial assay kit; ELISA Kit for D-Dimer (D2D) (manufactured by Uscn Life Science IncorporatedR USA) was used with a TC96+ ELISA microplate reader (manufactured by Ceco diagnosticR USA) to determine the D-dimer level. CD4 + T-cell count was evaluated using the Partec Cyflow counter-1, a single-platform, three-parameter (SSC plus two-colour fluorescence) desktop volumetric flow cytometer (manufactured by Sysmex PartecR Germany).Full blood count was carried out on the EDTA anticoagulated sample using the Horiba Abx Micros 60 Haematology Analyser (manufactured by Horiba instruments incorporatedR USA). Results: The D-dimer level was found to be lower in HAART- experienced subjects (288.35 ± 129.12 ng/ml) than HAART-naïve subjects (389.85 ± 217.61ng/ml.) (P= 0.013).There was no increase in haematocrit, while the mean WBC count showed increase in the HAART-experienced compared to HAART-naïve subjects. Platelet counts were also increased in the HAART-experienced subjects in comparison to HAART-naïve subjects. Conclusion: This study suggests that D-dimer levels are higher in HIV treatment-naïve patients compared to treatment- experienced patients.

The purpose of this study is to examine the balance and attention characteristic of dance exercise. 200 university students with a mean age of 20.63+1.59, who studied at the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Muğla Sitkı Koçman University in the 2016-2017 academic year participated in the study. University students participating in the study were taught 3 hours of Latin dance (salsa, bachata) once a week for 12 weeks. The "d2 attention test", which validity and reliability was performed in Turkish by Çağlar and Koruç [1], developed by Brickenkamp [2], was used to determine students' attention attributes related to dance exercise. Data analysis, frequency analysis, Impulsive statistics. Kolmokorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test were used. As a result, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups of the body weight pretest and posttest values of the students participating in the research. A significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in the balance posttest value. A positive change was determined in the attention, error, and concentration post-test values of the students who participated in the dance study. It has been determined that dance work positively affects balance and attentiveness.

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of reliability and brand image on purchase intention of sports brands endorsed by entertainers. A questionnaire survey is conducted in this study, and the students from Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management are taken as research objects. A total of 300 questionnaires are sent out; after the deduction of 5 invalid questionnaires, a total of 295 valid questionnaires are collected. In this study, SPSS20.0 for Window Chinese package statistical software is used as the analysis tool. After the verification of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample t test, Pearson product difference correlation analysis, and regression analysis, the results obtained are as follows: The reliability of entertainer endorsement has a significant impact on purchase intention, in which the influence of reliable image is greater than the influence of the attractiveness on purchase intention; Brand image has a significant influence on purchase intention, in which the effect of functionality in brand image is greater than the effect of symbolism in brand image on purchase intention; The reliability, brand image, and purchase intention of entertainer endorsement are significantly correlated. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that the selection of endorsers for sports brand companies must be consistent with the positive image of sports brand and have the popular impression, so as to attract consumers’ recognition and expectation of products and provide references for relevant manufacturers.

Globalization and internationalization has an intense impact on the students’ inclination towards the foreign environment. This research paper focuses on the factors influencing the decision of students to study or work abroad. The factors examined are: level of general knowledge (GK), attraction towards foreign study and work (AT), familiarity with the foreign environment (FM), business informative questions (BA) and repulsive factors that hold him back or create negative image of foreign society (RP). The study is conducted on 201 Saudi male undergraduate students of the Jazan University, Jazan, KSA. The result shows the propensity of students towards the foreign environment. The findings can be generalized to the majority of areas and could be used to create more focused mindset of the students for better prospects.

The general problem of this study was that certain stock market sectors can benefit more than other sectors from seasonality’s (Halloween indicator). It was unclear how seasonality of stock markets impact risk stock strategies while controlling for stock market sectors, when constructing U.S. security portfolios. The purpose of this quantitative, comparative study was to test the influence of a summer and winter effect on the profitability of risk stocks strategies for Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 stock portfolios. The research question was: How does seasonality impact the profitability of risk stock strategies while controlling for stock market sectors for U.S. security portfolios? For the analysis a comparison was conducted, while computing the Betas (B), Idiosyncratic Volatility (IV), Capital Asset Price Models (CAPM), annualized returns, and Sharpe ratios for an analysis. A key result of the study was that during the winter months high B and medium B&IV until highB&IV stock selections were the most profitable risk stock strategies and for the summer months low IV, B, IV&B stock selections were most profitable risk stock strategies to trade. The sector selection and the stock selection brought higher returns as reported by other studies, of for example (rStrategy1 = 108.40% annualized return) in this study. Seasonality’s were present in the U.S. stock markets and the investor could capitalize on this effect through a risk stock strategy switch, which is further described in this study and can improve the previous form of investing (i.e., of buying all stocks during winter and changing to Treasury Bill during summer).