Since the rise of the pandemic COVID 19, we see a variety of clinical manifestations of Corona virus multisystem wise. During and post infection, patients are prone for cardiac diseases and its complications, even sudden deaths following thromboembolism. Fungal infections are also now making their way into this pandemic as secondary infections due to altered immunity in these individuals. We present a patient of COVID 19 infection who developed dual infection– mucormycosis and actinomycosis. We also report about mucor mycosis in a non COVID patient who was immunocompromised due to diabetes mellitus.

Corruption is a vast and complex matter. It means any kinds of dishonest, defiled or illegal behavior, especially of people in authority. It is a major problem in the third world countries but it has been the burning question in Bangladesh. The list of the countries having rampant corruption is headed by Bangladesh several years. Transparency international found it as the most corrupted country. Corruption may originate from want, the immorality of people, lack of transparency, unsolved problems, unfinished works, vicious politicos, weak administration and many after relevant things. All the sectors of the government and the administration are corrupted severely as well. Taking bribe, nepotism, malpractice of power are the natures of corruption. No department of either government or non-government like ministry, office, school, college, university, law court, police station, hospital, etc. is beyond the reach of corruption. Even the victims of accident and the dying patients are not left untouched by corruption. It has become customary in our country that nothing is done without the intervention of corruption. The influential high officials and their assistants in our country adopt such techniques and pretense to materialize their ill-motives that common people who are deprived of their legal rights. Corruption has a terrible effect on all the parts of society. It leads the country to anarchism. Law and order situation become deteriorated for corruption. The difference between the poor and rich widens day by day. All the development procedures of the government become useless for the cause of corruption. However, this is a humiliating condition for us a nation. It has spoilt our image in the home and abroad. Above all, foreign donors and the investors become reluctant observing the large scale of the practice of corruption. However, the time has changed. With the same parade of the present government, all the people should voice against corruption. Nepotism, favoritism, red-tapism, biased attitude etc. should be dealt with an iron hand. Only our honest approaches can reinforce the government to ensure the good governance. Inclusion corruption begets corruption. It should be prevented urgently in all spheres of our life. Otherwise, we will fail to build up a sound and potent generation. We should look forward to ensuring corruption-free society as well as corruption free country.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), especially type II; represents a major health problem in Saudi Arabia, due to the dramatic changes in the lifestyles of Saudi population. As per the report of World Health Organization (WHO) for the occurrence of diabetes, Saudi Arabia ranked the second in the Middle East and seventh in the world. The increasing trends of diabetes in Saudi Arabia are more worrying in the last few years. Type II DM is generally characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which belongs to a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures, found naturally in vegetables, fruits and especially in high amounts in onions, apples, tea and grape juice. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) were prepared following the component ratios. Then, the Quercetin was dissolved and the components were mixed and heated at 37 ºC until the drug perfectly has dissolved. The mixture prepared stored at room temperature. The aim of this study was to optimize concentration of Quercetin leading to efficient decrease in blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetes among the treated rats as compared to the reference drug e.g. glibenclamide. The results showed that the blood glucose lowering activity of flavonoid compounds may be due to stimulating β-cells to release more insulin. The comparative analysis of natural flavonoids showed that the Quercetin was more effective anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic compound.

The information diffusion of food safety incident is sometimes more serious than food safety incident itself, because this may lead to severe public opinion and affect purchase intention of individual consumer. Thus, it is very important to study the rule of information diffusion of food safety incident. In this work, a modified Bass diffusion (MBD) model including the role of government is proposed based on the characteristics of food safety information diffusion in China and its analytical solution is derived correspondingly. Such model is tested and validated by a specific case of food safety incident, that is, dyeing steamed bread incident happened in China. The results show that the present MBD model can effectively predict the diffusion of public opinion for food safety information and simultaneously the parameter analysis reveals that the government management to the quality and credibility of information is critical in improving the communication of food safety information.

This paper examines the continuing relevance of the traditional healthcare system as a disease control mechanism in colonial Southern Cameroons. Prior to the introduction of western medicine, there existed an effective traditional medical system that constituted the basis of healthcare delivery. The coming of biomedicine in a context of European colonialism opened the way for a consistent attack on indigenous healthcare practices. In most parts of Southern Cameroons, medical facilities were developed with the intent of making preventive and curative healthcare available to the local population. Surprisingly, a cross section of the indigenous population kept their trust on traditional medicine, thus permitting it to survive colonial attacks. Throughout the colonial era, traditional doctors concocted various medicinal plants and incanted spiritual forces against such dreaded diseases like typhoid, malaria, scabies, dysentery, witchcraft and other diseases whose prevalence had a negative bearing on people’s welfare. This paper explores why and how traditional medicine remained important in the lives of Southern Cameroonians despite the promotion of Western biomedicine. It builds on primary and secondary data to demonstrate that traditional medicine helped in reducing the prevalence of diseases and encouraged socio-economic development, with a resultant imprint on the livelihood of the local population. In fact, the resultant treatment of some of these diseases was beneficial to the health of the population and facilitated in many ways the social and economic development of colonial Southern Cameroons.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is life-threatening in developing countries associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The current study designed to figure out the prevalence, socio-demographic variable and associated risk factors of HBV in the local population of Pishin District, Pakistan. Under the well-sterilized condition, blood samples of 1457 individuals were collected weekly from Civil Hospital Pishin, during May 2019 to February 2020 for the screening of HBV infection. Patients were categorized into 2 age groups i. e. 1-30 years, 31-60 years. The HBsAg was detected by a commercially available ELISA kit. The overall prevalence of HBV was 38.36%. The incidence was higher in female (22.30%) than in male patients (16.06%). The socio-demographic finding showed that the prevalence was higher in patients with age group 31-60 years (20.93%), in married (30.19%), unvaccinated (19,56%) individuals and with poor economic status (20.93%). Furthermore, blood transfusion (23.03%), surgery (19.86%) and dental procedures (12.70%) were the major risk factors associated with the high prevalence of HBV infection in Pishin. In conclusion, the Pishin District was highly prevalent with HBV infection. This study may serve as a guideline for the local health care providers to optimize the health facilities. By conducting the public health awareness program, it is possible to reduce the prevalence of HBV by minimizing the associated risk factors.

In mammals, hair cycle occurs continuously in three cycles: anagen, catagen, telogen. One of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF5, have been known to act as an inhibitor of hair growth in the transition from anagen to catagen. The FGF5 gene is composed of a long form (FGF5) and a short form (FGF5s). We examined the effect of FGF5 isoform on hair growth in the cultured keratinocytes. To analyze the effect of FGF5 isoform the keratinocytes, we overexpressed FGF5 isoform and gene expression change was observed with RT-PCR. Expression of hepatic growth factor (HGF) gene was increased when FGF5s was overexpressed by adenovirus (Ad) in keratinocytes. BMP6 tend to be decreased in the group transfected with Ad/FGF5 virus than in the control group. Taken together, FGF5s might activate HGF in hair growth and FGF5 may inhibit BMP6 expression in hair growth suppression.

In this review, the formation, characterization, properties and applications of nano-emulsions are reviewed and summarized. Nanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsions that are under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoemulsions are the thermodynamically stable isotropic system in which two immiscible liquid (water and oil) are mixed to form a single phase by means of an appropriate surfactants. Due to their small droplet size nano-emulsions possess stability against sedimentation or creaming with Ostwald ripening forming the main mechanism of nanoemulsion breakdown. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes fall typically in the range of 20-200nm. Diameter and surface properties of droplets of nanoemulsion plays an important role in the biological behavior of the formulation. Nanoemulsion show great promise for the future of cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies, and biotechnologies. The main application of nanoemulsions is the preparation of nanoparticles using a polymerizable monomer as the disperse phase (the so-called miniemulsion polymerization method) where nanoemulsion droplets act as nanoreactors. Another interesting application which is experiencing an active development is the use of nanoemulsions as formulations, namely for controlled drug delivery and targeting.

Adult cervicofacial cellulitis is most often from a dental origin or infectious, but in some rare cases, it can be paraneoplastic or from a tumor. We report the case of a 31-year-old young man who presented with right cervical cellulitis associated with bilateral thyroid nodules classified TIRADS 4 and associated thymic hyperplasia. In this observation, the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was not initially made due to a diverse clinical semiology associating several diffuse cervical lesions, and an infectious context contradictory to the presentation typical of isolated peripheral cervical lymphadenopathy. Thus, the etiology of HL should be kept in mind when considering head and neck cellulitis.

Among many problems that the Indonesian Judiciary practice has encountered, one problem that has been persistently discussed is regarding whether or not can the status of a suspect be used as a pretrial object outside of Article 77 letters (a) and (b) of the Criminal Procedure Code, either through pretrial judge decisions or decisions of the Constitutional Court. From these problems, the author formulated a study on what are the Impact of the Decision of the Judge Adjudicating the Pre-Trial Session outside the Reasons stipulated by law and how the reconstruction of regulations on the authority of judges in adjudicating justice-based pretrial applications can be realized. The research method used is juridical empirical combining doctrinal and non-doctrinal approaches, by operating legal principles and norms to see the normative dimensions of judge's decision, combined with the assumption approach that statutory regulations, including judge's decision, are not under empty space, but exists in a complex reality. The result shows that the legal function established by the Criminal Procedure Code is directed at realizing legal certainty rather than justice so that judges tend to obey conventional procedural law rather than having to be progressive. The limitations of pretrial authority and the lack of courage of judges to protect the rights of suspects have made pretrial institutions less able to protect suspects from possible violations of their juridical rights. To overcome these problems, reconstruction is carried out by clarifying and amending the joint decree (SKB) of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and the Chair of KY RI No. .047 / KMA / SKB / IV / 2009 and 02 / SKB / P.KY / IV / 2009 in addition to add one provision between letter b) and letter c) to Article 82 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, and adding 2 (two) paragraphs in Article 1 number 10 in conjunction with Article 77 KUHAP jo. The Decision of the Constitutional Court No.21 / PUU-XII / 2015, by means of reasoning or interpreting a contrario (In Contrary) to the provisions of Article 1 point 10 jo. Article 77 KUHAP jo. The existing Constitutional Court Decision No.21 / PUU-XII / 2015.

The Intrauterine Device is a means of contraception with an efficiency of over 98%. We report the case of a viable pregnancy with an IUD and the risks involved.

Helicobacter pylori infection, in patients with classic risk factors of coronary heart disease, can present with typical clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease without characteristic electrocardiographic changes or elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers. H. pylori does not participate in the initiation of inflammatory process of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Instead, a commensal bacterium increases the coronary blood flow even in presence of classic risk factors of coronary heart disease. Under certain circumstances, Helicobacter pylori may aggravate an already existing inflammatory atherosclerotic process of coronary vasculature with consequent rupture and development of ischemic heart disease. This is in analogy with the physiologic role of platelet in primary haemostatic plug versus its undesired role in formation of vascular thrombosis. The factors that lead to shifting of Helicobacter pylori from a commensal promoter of coronary blood flow to a pathogenic organism activating the inflammatory response of atherosclerotic plaque remain to be elucidated.

The paper deals to minimize the water crisis of a drought prone area in Bangladesh. In this research an alternative and low-cost effective cultivation method has been developed. In the technique a composition of traditional agricultural fertilizers (Agronaris, DAP, MP, Dolochun, Gypsum, Magnesium Sulfate and Iron Sulfate), cow urine and pond water has been used as nutrient medium. For medium of cultivation recyclable bottles, foams, bamboo, coco coir, semidried Eichhornia leaves were used. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.); Pepper (Capsicum); Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were used as experimental plant. Plant survival rate of tomato showed highest value of 92.86% respectively followed by lettuce with 78.57% and pepper with 42.86% in value after 2 months of observation. Growth rate and hairy root formation were found to be higher in tomato than lettuce and pepper. Pepper showed less response in these three parameters where maturation rate of pepper is better than Tomato as pepper needs 39.33±0.49 days to ripen the fruits but tomato took 47.5±0.39 days in fruit ripening. Though tomato takes more time to be mature than pepper, the growth of the both plants are as same.

The provisions for the formation of a Notary's position as regulated in Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Notary Office basically need to be used as an additional requirement for the appointment of a Notary, so that it cannot create multiple interpretations between the terms of the appointment of a Notary and the provisions for the formation of a Notary's position. Therefore, it is necessary to make a study that examines the weaknesses of the zoning arrangement for notary positions in Indonesia at this time and how to reconstruct the zoning arrangements for a notary position in Indonesia that is just studied using the socio-legal approach method, namely by conducting reciprocal research between law and non-doctrinal institutions. is empirical/ social in analyzing legal principles that apply in society. The results showed that the arrangement of zoning expansion of notary positions in Indonesia has not been able to solve the problem of equal distribution of notaries. Permenkumham Number 27 of the Year 2016 concerning Formation of Notary Positions and Determination of Regional Categories. The minister's authority to appoint notaries in certain districts/ regions is limited according to the existing formation. Constraints and solutions in the arrangement of zoning for notary positions in Indonesia that the placement of Notaries is in accordance with their designation, due to the fact that the submission of work placements by Notaries is not evenly distributed, many Notaries ask for formations in big cities only, Notaries rarely apply for placements in small cities, To overcome this the Government issued a regulation, namely Decree No. M.01.HT.03.01, of the Year 2003, Concerning Notaries Article 5 in conjunction with Decree No.M.01.HT.03.01, of the Year 2006 concerning Terms and Procedures for the Appointment, Transfer and Dismissal of Notaries. Seeing these problems, the Reconstruction of zoning expansion arrangements for notary positions in Indonesia based on the value of justice is needed. Namely by realizing the distribution and distribution of notaries in every district or city that is good and correct according to the needs of the community.

Aim and Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in Frash Town Islamabad. Methodology: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. 400 children under 5 years were selected by using non probability convenient sampling. Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used to find the frequencies and percentages while inferential statistics was used to determine the association between nutritional status of under 5 children and different variables. Results: Out of 400 subjects, 21% had normal nutritional status 20% were at risk of malnutrition and 77% were found to be malnourished. Statistically significant relationship was found between nutritional status of under 5 children and socioeconomic status, parent’s education. Conclusion: Overall results showed that 77% of the children under 5 were malnourished. There is a need to plan composite interventions to elucidate the factors that place children at greater risk for malnutrition.