Chlorpyrifos is among the commonly used pesticides used for self-harm. Chlorpyrifos is colorless crystal like solid with a strong odor. Pesticides like chlorpyrifos are necessarily poisonous but they play an important role in the availability of plenty of cheap and consistent supplies of food to the world population. The aims of this review article investigated the aspects to reduce the risk due to chlorpyrifos use among farmers and people by producing awareness. A decreased percentage of neutrophils in peripheral blood in animals poisoned with chlorpyrifos may suggest, neutrophils involves in phagocytosis during xenobiotic intoxication, during which some of the neutrophils might have ruptured. Chlorpyrifos modifies testicular capacities perhaps by acceptance of testicular oxidative pressure and hindrance of exercises of indicator catalysts, accordingly disturbing masculine generation. The outcome enemies of oxidants i.e SOD, CAT, G6PDH exercises in the hepatocytes, renal, spleen and cerebrum of rodents. The sub- deadly presentation of chlorpyrifos additionally cause decline in dimension of decreased GTH (glutathione) and ensuing increment in oxidized glutathione heights. So the outcome demonstrate that CPF presentation prompt oxidative worry in rodent tissues however the CPF introduction to rodents feed with oxidants vitamin A,E and C for one month, averted unhinging of these enemy of oxidant limits. It also helpful to explain the mechanism that chlorpyrifos induce such changes in living organisms included humans.

Background: The use of cell phones can harm nursing students' academic performance. As such, reliance on the device for everyday activities has increased. Consequently, "nomophobia", defined as the fear of being without one's smartphone, has emerged as a new phobia among the users. Aim: This study was aimed at identifying the effects that long-term use of smartphone has among students cause on their level of attention and learning styles. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among nursing students in two public universities located in western Kenya. The sample size comprised of 811 third- and fourth-years nursing students with a control group (n = 349, 43. %) and an experimental group (n = 462, 57%). The experimental group left their cell phones, in sound or vibration mode, as they normally kept them, on a table located in the corner of the classroom. Data were analysed using SPSS v.25, and data presented using graphs and tables. The data was reliable at alpha .824 and without outliers. Results: More female 54.87% than male was evidenced by the responses. Both groups showed higher-than-average levels of nomophobia at the beginning of the class. As for problematic smartphone use and attention, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in both cases (U = 1355.500, Z = −2.830, P = .005; U = 1449.000, Z = −2.363, P = .018, respectively), and the experimental group had higher average scores, as well as in those related to knowledge. Testing of the hypothesis was done and the null hypothesis was rejected (X2=19.609, P>0.001). Conclusion: A relationship has been found between nomophobia and problematic smartphone use. Students who do not have access to their cell phones during class perceive more problematic cell phone usage, in addition to paying closer attention during class. Recommendation: Because of this, it is important to an alternative way of reducing the nomophobia in order to enhance attention and learning styles among students. Future studies are recommended on lecturers not only the students the medical students but also in other departments of the university and expand to other universities across the country.

Digital mind mapping is a unique method which improves productivity by helping to build and analyze ideas, and facilitates information structuring and retrieval. Educators and learners can use different types of software to create digital mind map for teaching learning. The objectives of the paper are: to describe about different types of software used in creating digital mind maps; to highlight the process of digital mind map development through software and to provide an overview of benefits and usefulness of digital mind mapping software. It’s a review-based study. Articles published in various leading journals, conference proceedings, online materials have been referred in the present article. The first part of the paper describes concept of digital mind mapping software. Second part of the paper provides a brief description about different software used in creating digital mind maps. The third part of the article explains about the process of digital mind map creation through software. The last part of the paper elaborates benefits and usefulness of digital mind mapping software. It reveals that digital mind mapping software can be used by institutions/teachers/students for teaching and learning as it simplifies the information easily for better understanding. The article points out that digital mind mapping software gives learners the ability to engage directly in the learning process by developing digital mind maps. The paper also indicates that digital mind mapping software can be used as brainstorming tool to construct visual diagrams of ideas. The paper would be great use for educators as well as students for teaching, learning and assessment at different levels of education.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanomas are rare tumors arise from precursor leptomeningeal melanocytes that are scattered throughout the arachnoid membranes. The nodular form of primary CNS melanoma manifests as a solitary, discrete neoplasm with a predilection for the spinal cord and posterior fossa. Around 100 cases of primary CNS melanoma reported in the literature. Here, we report the first case in Saudi Arabia of a 55-year-old man who presented with nausea, vomiting, and sudden loss of consciousness. CT brain with contrast showed a left temporal lesion, which was resected and histologically proved to be primary CNS melanoma.

Delay in initiation of reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) has been shown to be the detrimental factor of worsened outcome from ST elevated acute myocardia infarction. The data on the actual delay in initiation of reperfusion therapy in India is sparse. This study was designed to assess the various factors responsible for the delays in starting reperfusion therapy in patients presenting with ST elevated acute myocardial infarction. The results of this study indicate that a large portion of the delay was prehospital delay from the onset of angina pain to patient visiting the hospital. Factors responsible for this delay, which are totally preventable, were difficulty in arranging transport, lack of patient education and late recognition of symptom or its severity. This study also noted that there was a significant delay in hospital-door to ECG and hospital-door to thrombolytic or balloon angioplasty as well. Understandably, higher literacy level in urban patients (78.6%) played a major role in urban patients coming to hospital for treatment more than their rural counterparts.

Plagiarism Enforcement in Indonesia can be said to have not been quite effective because the plagiarism level is still quite high. In 2013 alone it was found that there were at least 808 cases of plagiarism in Indonesia. This needs to be studied more deeply, as was done by the authors in this article. With the subject matter of why this can happen, and whether the arrangement in Indonesia itself is quite effective. The results of the study show that the problem that is a weakness of the Plagiarism enforcement system in Indonesia is that it does not regulate Cryptomnesia-related Plagiarism that occurs when forgotten memories are returned unnoticed by the person concerned, who believes that memory is a new and first thing so that ideas arise without consciously imitating the work of others and as in line with Regulation of the Minister of Education Number 17 of 2010 that in implementing scientific autonomy and academic freedom, students / lecturers / researchers / education personnel are obliged to uphold honesty and academic ethics, especially the prohibition of plagiarism in producing scientific work, so that creativity in the academic field can grow and developing. Therefore, the copyright arrangement in Indonesia should be reconstructed without categorizing Crytomnesia as plagiarism.

The sky-squares are the institutions that provide both military and socio-cultural services within the structure of the period. In the cities of the Seljuk Empire, the squares gave a regular service in the administration of the officer. In the settlements near the Seljuk fortresses, they also served under the control of the court of residence under the Castle Guard. In the Turkish tribes outside the settlement areas, both military and socio-cultural activities continued in the tradition of decentralized management coming from the Turkic Khaganate and in open and closed upland and winter sports houses. On the other hand, the understanding of power and other states to accept them to make the Seljuk Empire connected to the power of the country as well as seize the trade routes, an important element of the economy seized the trade routes to hold and to organize the commercial activities in a comfortable, easy and safe way, The Seljuk Empire determined its bio-policy on the people of the country as "to be the best fighting society ". To reach the determined bio-policy, it has used all its facilities in an organized way. The Seljuk Empire has achieved this goal thanks to the sky-squares. In addition to military physical education, Sky-squares, which was opened to the use of people living in the city on certain days of the week, contributed both to the activity of the people in various sports branches and to the establishment of the enterprises that produce the sports branch of their interest and to the Seljuk economy.

Due to the sophistication and complexity of medical care, nurses are required to have a high level of nursing practice skills. A survey of private university and junior college teachers revealed that the most prevalent problems with students were lack of independence, basic academic ability, and motivation to learn. Class exercises help bring out students’ independence and also play a key role in laying the foundation for good clinical judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider exercises that enable students to learn more effectively. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercises in adult nursing classes using student class evaluations from 2018 and 2019.We had students perform exercises in class and then had them fill out a survey afterward. The average score of each question item was 4 or more in both 2018 and 2019, and all exercises were highly evaluated. Even if the students who took the course changed, the exercise earned a positive evaluation. For self-monitoring blood glucose and total parenteral nutrition, items were significantly different between 2018 and 2019, and higher evaluations were obtained in 2019. It is necessary to repeat the evaluation of the exercises, but the exercise items selected this time for study were found meaningful for students, and the time allocation was appropriate. The task is to establish a prelearning and demonstration method that enables students to independently learn and to secure teachers and improve teaching their teaching ability.

The aim of this study was to assess and compare blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations changes during Wingate exercise and 10 min post-exercise recovery in football players with different aerobic capacity levels. Blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations were measured in 27 amateur football players during supramaximal Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The subjects were divided into two groups: group1, 16 subjects with maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) values whose were higher than 60 ml/kg/min; group 2, 11 subjects with VO2max values lower than 55 ml/kg/min. All subjects performed WAnT after determining the VO2max using an incremental test. The WAnT was performed on an Ergomedic cycle ergometer. Blood samples were collected at rest, at the stop of WAnT and during the 10 minutes’ recovery (following WAnT). Only slight and no significant decrease was observed during WAnT for blood glucose: 5.5±0.3 mmol/L vs 4.9±0.3 mmol/L, group 2. Very large increases in lactate and pyruvates concentrations were found at the WAnT stop: 12.41±0.15 mmol/L vs 1.57±0.14 mmol/L for group 1, 13.87±0.12 mmol/L vs 1.84±0.25 mmol/L for group 2. The peaks of [La] were observed at 2 min post-exercise WAnT: 12.83±0.23 mmol/L and 14.59±0.32 mmol/L respectively. The same trend was observed for pyruvate concentrations. Blood [La] concentrations measured during 2 min to 10 min recovery decreased significantly, and were significantly and negatively correlated with VO2maw. This study clearly confirm that a brief and supramaximal Wingate exercise induced higher lactate and pyruvates concentrations increase in football players with high VO2max level than others with low VO2max level. The major responsible factor is glycolytic capacity.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the form of professional services in order to meet human needs, according to the paradigm trying to be replaced by artificial intelligence. Several attempts were made by experts to create a tool or robot to help human activities including helping to provide health and nursing services, but can technology replace, That nursing sees humans as a whole, it requires a professional attitude and caring with attention, while humans have hope and efforts to achieve meaning in life, especially when feeling pain, becomes a challenge in the future that one day technology is able to provide direction for patients who because of their illness experience the process of losing.

Introduction: Eclampsia, a major neurological complication of pre-eclampsia, is defined by a convulsive manifestation and /or consciousness disorder occurring in a preeclampsia context and cannot be attributed to a pre-existing neurological problem. Pre eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Substandard care is often present and many deaths are preventable. The severity of this pathology is correlated with visceral neurological, renal, hepatic and / or hematological involvement. Objective: To study the peculiarities of anesthesia-resuscitation and the prognostic factors of morbidity and mortality of eclampsia in the intensive care unit of the Anaesthesiology Dept. Cumilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: All patients admitted to resuscitation for management of eclampsia from 1 January to 31 December 2018 were included. We studied the clinical, therapeutic, evolutionary and prognostic factors of morbidity and mortality. Results: We collected 51 cases of eclampsia for 5000 deliveries in the study (incidence of 1%). The average age of the patients was 22.23 years. Primiparity was found in 28 patients (54.9%). Antenatal consultations were effective in 4 patients (7.8%). Consciousness was clear at admission in 42 patients (82.36%) and for one patient a Glasgow score < 8 was reported (1.96%). Severe hypertension was observed in 27.4% of cases. A ventilation intubation of 03 days was required in one patient in 1.9% of cases. Caesarean was the mode of delivery in 56.8% of cases and vaginal delivery was performed in 43% of cases. General anesthesia was doing in 20 patients (68.9%) and spinal anesthesia was performed in 9 patients (31%). Maternal complications were represented by: Postpartum acute renal failure (13.7%), Hellp syndrome (11.7%), and coagulopathy (15.6%). Prematurity was found in 14 neonates (13.7%), perinatal mortality was 9.8% and the maternal mortality rate was 5.8%. Conclusion: Eclampsia is still responsible for high maternal and infant mortality. The association of two or even more serious factors is very important in this mortality.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps to prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of non-communicable diseases and conditions. The health of an individual is known to be influenced by his/ her nutritional status. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats-free sugars and salt/sodium, and many people do not eat enough fruits, vegetables and dietary Fibre such as whole grains. The exact makeup of a diversified balanced and healthy diet will vary depending on individual characteristics, cultural context, locally available foods and dietary customs. Objectives: To assess the nutrient intake and measuring the nutritional status among the women in childbearing age at the rural areas. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dietary intake and the nutritional status of the rural women in the five different villages of Gadag district, Karnataka. Their socio-demographic details, food intake related data were collected using a questionnaire. 24 - Hour dietary recall was calculated using nutrient composition table and their nutritional status was calculated using BMI (Body Mass Index). Results: 105 women were interviewed. Majority of participants were of secondary school (32.38%), middle school (28.57%) and a majority of them were housewives. Majority of the participants (88.57%) energy intake was less than the recommended, all the 105 participants (100%) protein intake was less than 1gm/kg/body weight, majority of them consumed more fat (72.38%), sodium intake of all the participants 105 (100%) were more. The nutrient intake was calculated using a nutrition composition table from the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), NIN (National Institute for Nutrition), Hyderabad. And the majority of their nutritional status (BMI) were normal (51.42%). Majority of the food groups consumed daily by the participants were cereals (96.19%), followed by pulses (64.76%) which were consumed majorly on 2 – 3 times in a week. Fruits (45.71%) and vegetables (63.80%) were consumed every week. Milk and milk products were consumed daily (87.61%). Conclusion: The main food groups consumed daily were cereals followed by pulses. The energy, protein intake was less and fat content was more than the recommended and nutritional status was normal among half of the study population.

This study has investigated the antidiabetic potential of the extracts of Diodia sarmentosa (Rubiaceae) leaves on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. The leaves are used to treat diabetes and various other disease conditions in traditional medicine. In this study, the leaves were air-dried and pulverized. A 1kg of the powdered leaves was extracted by maceration with n-hexane, chloroform and 70% methanol successively for three consecutive days, respectively. Phytochemical screening was conducted on the leaves using standard methods. Acute toxicity test was conducted on the rats by the Lorke’s method. Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 120mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate to the rats. Results of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and carbohydrates. The acute toxicity test indicated the plant to be safe since no fatality was recorded on the rats even at the dose of 5000mg/kg body weight. The n-hexane extract produced a peak significant (p<0.05) reduction of 75.3% in the blood glucose levels of the rats at day 7, comparable to 82.38% reduction by the control drug, glibenclamide. The chloroform and aqueous methanol extracts did not exhibit significant reductions in blood glucose levels. This study suggests that the n-hexane extract of D. sarmentosa leaves possesses significant (p<0.05) antidiabetic activity. This tends to justify its use in ethnomedicine for the management of diabetes and its related conditions.

Veneer is broadly used in the aesthetic dentistry to create a beautiful smile by covering the surface of the teeth. Veneer can be customized and is made of ceramic or composite. Veneer is not a good choice for people with unhealthy teeth. The main aim of this study is to elucidate the societal awareness about Veneer in Saudi Arabia. A total of 817 people residing in Saudi Arabia participated in this study. The Elucidation of Societal Awareness about Veneer among the adult Saudi Population was done using a questionnaire. This questionnaire included 20 questions related to both demographic data and awareness about Veneer. The Saudi population depend on the social media and the information that is available online for all the information related to veneer. A moderate percentage (53.1%) of the participants have knowledge about Veneer, its advantages and disadvantages over other aesthetic dentistry, its care and ways to enhance its lifetime.

Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate an antidiabetic herbal tablet containing Oryza sativa L. var Joha Rice, Dillenia indica and Syzygium cumini Lam. of Assam. Material & Methods: The plants materials were obtained from local area and authenticated by botanist and extracted using solvent ethanol using soxlet apparatus. The poly herbal tablet is prepared using plant extracts with excipients by granulation method. The anti diabetic study of the herbal tablets were done in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results: In our study we found that best two herbal tablet formulations in doses (250mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose levels in rats compared to control group. Moreover, the effect continued to sustain after withdrawal of drug treatment. Similarly, these tablet formulations found to improve lipid profiles (TG, HDL, LDS, VLDL, TC) and serum creatinine level and body weight. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prepared formulation of poly herbal antidiabetic tablets showed very good antidiabetic activity in animal studies. By further, clinical studies, we can prepare a cost effective herbal formulation for diabetes.