Epulis fissuratum is a benign reactive fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa resulting from chronic mechanical irritation caused by ill-fitting denture flanges. This condition predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly denture wearers, with a higher prevalence in females. The clinical presentation typically features single or multiple tissue folds in the vestibular sulcus or alveolar ridge, often appearing firm and fibrous with intact or ulcerated mucosa. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical examination correlating tissue overgrowth with denture configuration, although histopathological confirmation remains essential to exclude malignant transformation. Contemporary management encompasses both conservative tissue conditioning approaches for early lesions and surgical excision using conventional scalpels, electrosurgery, or laser modalities, coupled with mandatory prosthetic rehabilitation to prevent disease recurrence.

Oral cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, with varying prevalence rates across regions; however, its epidemiological profile in Saudi Arabia has not been comprehensively synthesized. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the existing evidence to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of oral cancer in Saudi Arabia, thereby addressing a critical gap in the literature. We conducted a rigorous synthesis of available studies, employing random-effects models to account for heterogeneity and deriving pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between demographic and risk factors and oral cancer, with an overall effect size of 1.02 (SE = 0.25, 95% CI [0.53, 1.51], z=4.11, p<1e^(-5)), indicating a substantial impact of these variables on disease prevalence. The findings highlight the importance of targeted public health interventions, particularly for high-risk populations, and underscore the need for further research to elucidate regional variations and temporal trends. This study provides a robust evidence base for policymakers and clinicians, emphasizing the urgency of early detection and prevention strategies in Saudi Arabia.

The present study focuses on the method development and validation for detection of selective elemental impurities in Clarithromycin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Elemental impurities, originating from catalysts, raw materials, or manufacturing processes, can adversely affect product safety and efficacy. Hence, a sensitive and precise analytical method was developed in accordance with ICH Q3D, USP <232>, and <233> guidelines. The optimized ICP-MS parameters ensured accurate quantification of 23 elemental impurities, including Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Ni, V, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, Se, Ag, Mo, Sb, Cu, Sn, Cr, Ba, Li, Tl, and Au, in a single analytical run without the need for internal standards. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method exhibited strong linear correlation (r² ≥ 0.99), recovery within 70–150%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) <20%, satisfying USP acceptance criteria. The Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED) mode minimized polyatomic interference, improving signal stability and reducing analysis time. This validated method proved to be simple, rapid, rugged, cost-effective, and suitable for routine quality control analysis of Clarithromycin API to ensure compliance with elemental impurity regulations and pharmaceutical safety standards.

Background: Postpartum depression (PDD) is a psychological condition that commonly occurs after childbirth and can adversely affect maternal health and child development. Factors such as education level and family support may influence the risk of postpartum depression. Education affects a mother’s ability to cope with emotional stress, while family support is essential for maintaining psychological well-being. Aim: To determine the relationship between education level and family support with the risk of postpartum depression in Kupang City. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 70 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling from the working areas of Oebobo and Sikumana Public Health Centers. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) were used. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Results: Most respondents had secondary education (50%) and good family support (81.4%). No significant association was found between education level and Postpartum depression risk (p=0.801). Family support showed a significant association with PPD risk (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated family support as the dominant factor (p=0.001; Exp(B)=12.039), while education level was not significant (p=0.315; Exp(B)=1.530). Conclusion: Education level was not associated with PPD risk, whereas family support was significantly associated and served as a dominant protective factor.

Resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem, requiring the search for new therapeutic alternatives. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of essential oil extracted from Drypetes gilgiana leaves on strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Kisangani (DR Congo). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and then characterized organoleptically and physicochemically. Its antibacterial activity was analyzed using the agar diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extraction yield was low (0.086%), but the essential oil had physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics favorable to its biological activity. The oil showed very strong antibacterial activity against E. coli (inhibition diameter 78 mm) and moderate activity against S. aureus (9 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirmed a higher sensitivity for E. coli (40%) than for S. aureus (80%). These results suggest that D. gilgiana essential oil could be a promising source of antimicrobial agents, warranting future studies to isolate the active compounds and evaluate their mechanism of action.

Background: In the past decade, the median overall survival for breast cancer has improved from 11 months to a 5-year survival rate of 17.8%. This is largely feasible solely thanks to molecular oncology. The metabolic characteristics of cancer cells contrast with those of normal cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important breast cancer-related gene, which can promote the progress of breast cancer. It has been proved in clinical and basic research that over-expressed and constitutively activated STAT3 is involved in the progress, proliferation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer. Flavonoids exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. These inexpensive pharmaceutical compounds exhibit considerable biological activities and are advantageous for various chronic conditions, including cancer. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the novel herbal STAT 3 inhibitor targeting Breast cancer through in-silico molecular docking. Method: STAT 3 was chosen as the target proteins in the current investigation. The bond was found using the Auto Dock software using a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were generated, converted to 3D, and subsequently energetically lowered up to an arms gradient of 0.01 using the Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF). Result: Structural based flavones derivatives (Chrysin, Apigenin, Luteolin & Scultellarein) found to be effective anti-lung cancer component and effectively binds to be target protein STAT 3 with binding energy-5.89, -5.6, -5.96 &-5.96 kcal/mol for Chrysin, Apigenin, Luteolin & Scultellarein respectively and showed potent inhibitory action on STAT 3. Conclusion: The results of the current investigation demonstrated that the chosen lead molecules had significant inhibitory effects on the target STAT 3 enzyme, consequently disrupting mitosis and genomic integrity in cancer cells. The molecular docking analysis demonstrated significant binding energy.

Despite remarkable progress in genetics, neuroscience, and pharmacology, modern medicine still cannot explain or cure thousands of rare and refractory diseases, including numerous psychiatric, neurological, dermatological, metabolic, and oncological conditions that remain resistant to all conventional treatments. However, an accumulating body of documented clinical recovery cases, together with direct observation of the spiritual realm through the Dharma Eye of Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu and the systematic practice of the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, clearly demonstrates that human existence comprises both a physical body and an immortal soul. The majority of treatment-resistant illnesses stem from either partial loss or dissociation of the soul, or from occupation of the body by external souls (deceased humans or animals, i.e., spirits). This paper therefore presents rigorous, verifiable evidence for the objective existence of the soul and the spirit world; elucidates the precise karmic and spirit mechanisms behind many diseases currently classified as “incurable” by modern medicine; and demonstrates that the Five Golden Buddhist Practices of Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door-making great vows, reciting Buddhist scriptures, performing life liberation, reading Buddhism in Plain Terms, and repenting of wrongdoings and refraining from doing them-provide a reproducible, effective pathway to partial or complete recovery. All these extraordinary outcomes rest upon the recognition of the soul’s existence. Accordingly, Buddhism is not merely a belief system, but the ultimate science of life, health, and the true nature of consciousness.

Background: Stigma maydis are becoming more popular as a healthy substitute for people with lifestyle disorders. They offer dietary fiber, polyphenols, minerals, vitamins, protein, and antioxidants. The evidence that is now available indicates that the leading causes of sickness, disability, and death in India are chronic obstructive and mental disorders, hypertension, cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, diabetes, lung disease, chronic renal disease, trauma, and stroke. When it comes to treating the illness and its repercussions, allopathic medications are not very effective. However, how the Stigma maydis-derived chemical compounds work in treating diabetes remains unclarified. Herein, we integrate molecular docking and network pharmacology to elucidate the active constituents and potential mechanisms of Stigma maydis against diabetes. Purpose: This study aimed to validate the antidiabetic effect of Stigma maydis silk lead molecule through in-silico molecular docking. Method: α-amylase was chosen as the target proteins in the current investigation of antidiabetic effect respectively. The bond was found using the Auto Dock software using a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were generated, converted to 3D, and subsequently energetically lowered up to an arms gradient of 0.01 using the Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF). Result: Maysin and isoorientin found to be effective component for anti-diabetic potential and effectively binds to be target protein α-amylase with binding energy-8.11 & -5.96 kcal/mol respectively and showed potent inhibitory action on target proteins. Conclusion: The results of the current investigation demonstrated that the chosen lead molecule (Maysin and isoorientin) had significant inhibitory effects on the selected target proteins, consequently showed potent antidiabetic efficacy. The molecular docking analysis demonstrated significant binding energy.

Background: Full-coverage crowns are a common restorative treatment option; yet, their placement may influence gingival health and tissue response. This study aims to assess the changes in gum health around crowns after placement and at one-year follow-up. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangladesh Medical University, from January 2002 to December 2003. Thirty patients requiring full coverage crowns were included and followed. Clinical parameters like plaque adhesion, probing depth, gingival bleeding, gum recession, and metal margin exposure were recorded at 15 days and one year after cementation. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 with statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: In 30 patients (53.3% male, 46.6% female), no plaque was observed immediately following the placement of the crown, but 33.3% of them exhibited plaque deposition at one-year follow-up (p=0.100). Probing depth, which was 1-1.5 mm in 100% of cases at 15 days, rose to 66.66% with 1-1.5 mm depth and 33.33% with <2 mm depth at one year. Gum recession was not observed initially, but was present in 60% of cases at one year. Metal margin exposure was increased from 0% to 50% at one-year follow-up. Conclusion: The study confirms that gingival tissues accommodate by developing changes after full coverage crown placement, where greater plaque build-up, gum recession, and metal margin exposure were observed at one-year follow-up. Ongoing vigilance and upkeep are unavoidable if the long-term success of crown restorations is to be ensured.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of extremophilic microorganisms, which include halophiles and halotolerants. These microorganisms, able to survive and thrive optimally in a wide range of environmental extremes, are polyextremophiles. In this context, one of the main reasons for studying them is to understand their adaptive mechanisms to stress caused by extreme living conditions. The present study investigated the halotolerance and metabolic responses of five Eurotium species (E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. cristatum, E. montevidense, and E. proliferans) under varying sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0–25%). Fungal growth, medium pH, pigment production (visible light absorbance at 512 nm), fluorescence (254 and 366 nm), organic matter, total nitrogen content, and antimicrobial activity against bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and fungal (Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans) strains were evaluated. All isolates exhibited halotolerant behavior, with maximal growth, organic matter, nitrogen content, fluorescence, and pigment accumulation at moderate salinity (15% NaCl). Antimicrobial activity was strongest at low to moderate NaCl concentrations (0–10%) and absent at ≥15% NaCl, reflecting the inhibitory effect of extreme salinity on secondary metabolite production. The pH of the culture media varied with salinity, generally decreasing under moderate salt stress and increasing at the highest NaCl levels. These patterns indicate that mild osmotic stress promotes both primary and secondary metabolism, whereas severe salinity suppresses growth and bioactive compound synthesis. The study highlights the ecological adaptability of Eurotium species to saline environments and their potential as sources of halotolerant enzymes, pigments, and antimicrobial compounds

Gas turbines (GTs) operating in offshore environments are highly vulnerable to performance degradation from airborne contaminants such as salt aerosols, mist, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. This study develops and validates a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to optimize a multistage inlet-air filtration system for offshore GT applications, complementing prior experimental investigations. A three-dimensional CAD model of a wind tunnel housing six ASHRAE filter classes (F7, H12, E11, E10, G5, F9) was created in ANSYS Design Modeler, and simulations were performed under steady-state and transient conditions using Navier–Stokes, turbulence, and particle transport models. Contaminant mass loadings from 20–100% were evaluated at inlet velocities of 5 m/s and 10 m/s to characterize airflow distribution, static and total pressures, and filtration efficiency. Results revealed peak inlet velocities up to nine times the free-stream value, with mass flow concentration opposite the vertical inflow reaching 8.4 kg/s. Static and total pressures decreased progressively downstream, with the highest pressure drops occurring at 80% contaminant loading, indicating increased flow resistance. Transient analyses showed filtration efficiency degradation over time due to fouling. Model predictions for total pressure drop and volumetric flow rate deviated by ≤10% from experimental data, confirming robustness and accuracy. This work offers validated CFD insights into the complex aero–particle dynamics in offshore GT inlet filtration, providing a predictive framework for optimizing filter design, selection, and maintenance to enhance long-term turbine reliability and efficiency.

Malnutrition is commonly observed in children in developing countries and is a major cause of multiple illnesses. Kwashiorkor in children is characterized by generalized edema and develops as a result of protein-calorie deficiency, whereas marasmus results from calorie and energy deficiency. We report a case of an 11-month-old female infant who presented with fever, cough, and excessive crying for 2 days. She was normal 2 days back, then developed high-grade fever, which is acute in onset, intermittent, relieved by medications, with multiple spikes with kwashiorkor features as idiopathic. The child also presented with hepatomegaly, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated transaminases. Children with kwashiorkor typically have a very low plasma albumin concentration due to protein deficiency.

This study explores the feasibility of producing biodiesel from dehulled orange seed oil, a non-edible agro-industrial byproduct with significant potential as a renewable energy feedstock. The research aims to enhance biodiesel yield through the optimization of transesterification process parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Dehulled orange seeds were processed to extract oil, after which transesterification was carried out using methanol. Five key process factors—reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and agitation speed—were systematically varied based on a central composite design to assess their individual and interactive effects on biodiesel yield. Statistical analysis indicated that all variables influenced conversion efficiency, with methanol ratio and catalyst concentration exerting particularly strong effects. The quadratic model developed showed high predictive accuracy and statistical significance, confirming its suitability for optimization. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as a temperature of 75 °C, reaction time of 150 minutes, catalyst concentration of 5 wt%, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and agitation speed of 350 rpm. Under these conditions, the biodiesel yield reached 95.23%, demonstrating efficient conversion and validating the optimization strategy. The physico-chemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel further complied with standard fuel specifications, underscoring its suitability as a renewable fuel. Overall, the results affirm that dehulled orange seed oil is a viable and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. The optimized process not only achieves high yields but also adds value to agricultural waste streams, contributing to cleaner energy alternatives and supporting circular bioeconomy initiatives. This study highlights the importance of exploring non-edible oils for biodiesel production to reduce competition with food resources and promote environmental sustainability.

The promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is part of the prevention and treatment of diseases in modern medicine. The aim of our research was to study the clinical principles in compiling a diet for patients who are already on drug therapy for a diagnosed disease, guided by the principle of healthy eating. Material and method: we conducted a study motivated by personal experiences on the interaction of drugs and nutrients in diets prescribed for healthy eating in certain diseases, with a special aspect of anticoagulant therapy. The basic principle of the protocol should include the underlying disease, medications for the same, past diseases with a deficit of certain organs in function and an assessment of the existing diet and supplements to prevent drug interactions. Results: More than 30% of people take supplements on their own. Knowledge of the interaction of drugs with supplements and nutrients with medications is of crucial importance for preventing the consequences of their synergistic or antagonistic interaction, of which bleeding is the key and most dangerous. Discussion: Modern management of patients in the perioperative period is crucial to avoid bleeding or thrombosis. The medical team takes into account all possible risks, based on the clinical examination, blood laboratory and possible drug interactions, but there is not always available data on the patients' supplementary therapy, which may be a risk. Conclusion: When recommending the consumption of supplements and diet for a given disease, the possible interaction of the drug and the condition of the organs that may be damaged should be taken into account.

Easterine Kire represents a significant contemporary literary figure from Nagaland, whose writings profoundly explore the intricate social, political, and historical contexts of the Naga community. In Bitter Wormwood, she delves into the complex intersections of history, politics, and trauma, reconstructing Naga identity through lived experience, memory, and acts of defiance. Employing frameworks derived from postcolonial and trauma theory, especially those articulated by Cathy Caruth and Sanjib Baruah, the novel illustrates the profound impact of historical violence, colonial disruptions, and political marginalisation on the formation of Naga consciousness. Kire’s narrative intricately weaves together personal experiences of trauma, creating a shared repository of resilience that connects individual pain to the larger tapestry of communal history. The novel situates the Naga struggle within the broader framework of India’s postcolonial nation-building, examining how marginalised histories contest prevailing nationalist narratives. By re-centring marginalised voices, Kire enacts a form of “history from below,” demonstrating how literature can function as an alternative space for historiography and healing. Recollection, articulated through narrative, manifests as a vital endeavour for survival and ethical restoration, navigating the intricate interplay among trauma, selfhood, and optimism. This research paper examines the representation of personal and collective trauma in Bitter Wormwood, the reconstruction of Naga identity, and the role of literature in safeguarding subaltern histories.