This cross-sectional comparative study was done at radiotherapy department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi from July, 2009-June, 2010. A total number of 60 diagnosed cases of carcinoma larynx (Histologically squamous cell carcinoma) were enlisted and were divided into study group e.g. Chemo-Radiotherapy group (Group A) consisting 30 patients were treated by sequential chemo-radiotherapy with two cycles of cisplatin (20mg/m2) & 5-FU (500mg) per day for 4 days 3 weeks apart followed by radiotherapy after 1½ weeks at 60-66 Gray in 30-33 fractions in 6-6½ weeks and control group e.g. radiotherapy group (Group B) consisting 30 patients were treated with conventional radiotherapy of 60-66 Gray in 30-33 fractions in 6-6½ weeks. The objective of the study was to observe and compare the results of treatment & side effects of treatment on both arms during & after treatment. In chemo-radiotherapy group (Group-A) complete response (CR) was found in 20 cases (66.67%) and partial response (PR) was found in 10 cases (33.33%). In radiotherapy group (Group-B) complete response (CR) was found in 12 cases (40%) and partial response was found in 18 cases (60%). It was found that complete & partial response was 100%. There was no death or no major complications throughout the study period. Calculated 2 value was 4.28 was greater than the table value 2 i.e. 3.84. It corresponds to probability of 0.05 in 2 table (P < 0.05). Hence treatment of laryngeal cancer with sequential chemo-radiotherapy was statistically significant.

Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge in Pakistan despite available diagnostics and curative therapy. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey of 462 adults in Lahore, Pakistan (January to May 2023) using bilingual, venue-based and online questionnaires to assess knowledge, attitudes, and care-seeking for tuberculosis. Most respondents had heard of tuberculosis (439 of 462, 95.0 percent) and recognized at least one cardinal symptom; the most frequently identified was cough lasting more than three weeks (218, 47.2 percent). Airborne transmission via coughing or sneezing was the best-recognized route (262, 56.7 percent), although misconceptions persisted, including transmission through sharing plates (128, 27.7 percent). Knowledge of curability was high (444, 96.1 percent), and most selected specific drugs provided by health facilities as appropriate treatment (339, 73.4 percent). Intended care seeking was favorable: 351 respondents (76.0 percent) would attend a health facility for tuberculosis-like symptoms and 228 (49.4 percent) would do so as soon as they recognized symptoms. However, cost (148, 32.0 percent), uncertainty about where to go (88, 19.0 percent), and transport or distance (58, 12.6 percent) were prominent barriers; most still desired more information about tuberculosis (419, 90.7 percent). These findings indicate a high baseline of awareness in an urban setting, coupled with specific misconceptions and practical obstacles that may delay care. Targeted myth-correction, clear navigation to free or subsidized services, and measures to reduce out-of-pocket and transport barriers are likely to accelerate earlier diagnosis and treatment.

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Climate change has emerged as a critical global threat, exerting profound stress on food systems and accelerating nutritional insecurities across regions. Rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, soil degradation, and extreme weather events are increasingly disrupting agricultural productivity, diminishing nutrient quality, and destabilizing food supply chains. These changes have intensified the triple burden of malnutrition undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity particularly in vulnerable populations with limited access to affordable, diverse, and nutritious foods. Despite ongoing global efforts, existing food and dietary systems remain ecologically unsustainable, heavily dependent on high-emission production practices, and constrained by socioeconomic and cultural barriers. This study critically examines the intersection of climate stress, food system vulnerabilities, and nutritional challenges, presenting an integrated framework that links environmental pressures with dietary outcomes. Using a comparative and analytical approach, the research identifies the limitations of current strategies and highlights the need for climate-resilient food production, including climate-smart agriculture, crop diversification, technological innovation, and localized circular food systems. The study further outlines pathways toward sustainable human diets that balance nutritional adequacy with environmental stewardship, emphasizing plant-based dietary patterns, biofortified crops, and culturally adaptive nutrition models. The findings underscore that achieving nutritional security under climate stress requires coordinated action across policy, governance, production systems, and consumer behavior. This work contributes to the evolving discourse by proposing strategic, science-driven solutions for building adaptive, nutritious, and sustainable global food futures.

The article is devoted to an interdisciplinary analysis of the transformation of Roman law in the transitional period from the Republic to the Empire through the category of the megalopolis as a special legal-architectural and cultural phenomenon. It is shown that Roman law during this period acted not only as a conservative regulator ensuring the stability of the political-legal order, but also as a technology of institutional engineering creating conditions for the release of the creative potential of society. Based on the philosophical and legal heritage of the Roman Stoics (Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Cicero), modern studies in the field of legal history, neurobiology and the theory of creativity, as well as on the example of Francis Ford Coppola’s feature film Megalopolis (2024), the image of the megalopolis is reconstructed as a model of a legal environment in which the law does not suppress, but structures and protects the creative activity of passionary individuals. The thesis is substantiated that the fluctuations of law in the era of the crisis of the Roman Republic became a condition for the creative bifurcation of the state system, opening the way to a new imperial configuration capable of integrating diverse cultural codes and architectural practices. Comparison of the Roman experience with examples of legal modernization in Singapore and the UAE makes it possible to conclude that an effective legal environment is a necessary condition for the formation of a megalopolis as a space of innovative development, where the protection of private property, contractual freedom and personal autonomy becomes a key resource of humanistic progress.

Giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) is a rare soft tissue most often discovered during the first two decades of life. We report the case of a 4-month-old infant examined for a mass in his right arm. The patient underwent total excision of the mass. Histological, immuno-histochemical showed giant cell fibroelastoma. This tumor poses diagnostic challenges to the pathologist because it may be confused with malignant mesenchymal tumors with different prognosis.

The supply and bioavailability of mineral elements in heavily weathered soils are limited and continuously declining, leading to low agricultural production; hence the need to find sustainable alternatives to maintain the fertility of various soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in the chemical properties of soils induced by the addition of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean cultivation across three types of soil in the Haut-Katanga province. Two soil samplings were conducted to carry out this study. The first was done before the start of the trial; and the second during the experimental phase at the flowering stage of the soybeans. This experiment was conducted using a split-plot design, replicated three times. The collected soil samples were subjected to chemical analyzes. According to the results obtained, the changes in chemical properties were significantly different between the soil types. On one hand, a negative change was observed in the eutric Cambisol, namely a decrease in organic matter, total nitrogen, available and total phosphorus, as well as magnesium; on the other hand, a positive change was observed in the two Ferralsols (acric and xanthic), namely an increase in several chemical properties, except for ammoniacal nitrogen which decreased. Regardless of the soils, the addition of external strains led to a decrease in available phosphorus, while only the USDA 142 strain induced similar effects to the control on the increase of K as well as CEC. This has demonstrated the importance of soybean inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains as an alternative option to improve crop productivity in acidic soils.

We present the case of a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm occurring in a 39year-old patient treated by embolization.

Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (CDP), also known as the Whipple procedure, is a major surgery performed on the pancreatobiliary junction. It is mainly indicated for cancers of this region, as well as for certain benign tumors or chronic pancreatitis. Despite technical advances, this procedure remains associated with high morbidity, with postoperative complications such as pancreatic or digestive fistulas, gastroparesis, hemorrhage, infections, and, in the long term, pancreatic insufficiency. A retrospective study conducted in the Department of Visceral Surgery at the Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech between 2017 and 2021 analyzed 35 cases of CDP. The average age of patients was 62 years, with a male predominance. The main indications were: Vaterian ampulloma (45.7%), Adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head (34.3%), Adenocarcinomas of the distal bile ducts (11.4%), And a few rare cases of duodenal or cystic tumors. Most tumors were well-differentiated (74%). The Child reconstruction technique was used in 65.7% of cases, while pancreaticogastric anastomosis was performed in 34.3%. The postoperative mortality rate was 11.4%, mainly due to hemorrhagic shock. Early complications occurred in 42.8% of patients, predominantly gastroparesis (17.1%) and hemorrhage (8.6%). The results are consistent with those reported in the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of thorough preoperative assessment, close postoperative monitoring, and an experienced surgical team to reduce complications and improve prognosis.

Hodgkin's disease or Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare malignant hemopathy characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. It is a lymphoid disease that the cause remains unknown. Subdiaphragmatic localized forms are rare and represent 6 to 13% [4-6]. The revelation of these forms by acute intestinal intussusception is exceptional, and attested by very few data published in the literature. We report the case of a 70-year-old patient with a rare case of subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's lymphoma revealed by acute intestinal intussusception.

Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy in developing countries and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. This retrospective descriptive study, conducted on 38 cases at the General Surgery Department of the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech from 2018 to 2022, revealed a predominance of squamous cell carcinoma in women aged 50 to 60 years. Vaginal bleeding was the main presenting symptom. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy based on weekly cisplatin followed by uterovaginal brachytherapy was the most frequently used treatment. Strengthening and expanding cervical cancer screening programs remain crucial to improve early detection and patient outcomes.

Cystic tumors of the pancreas are a rare entity, accounting for approximately 15-20% of pancreatic cystic lesions, largely due to advances in imaging techniques. The most common types of pancreatic cystic tumors are intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (TIPMP) and mucinous cystadenomas (CM), while serous cystadenomas (CS) and solid pseudopapillary tumors (TPPS) are less frequent. This study aims to report the experience of the General Surgery Department at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cystic tumors of the pancreas.

The use of welded medium-carbon steels is increasing within the oil and gas industry, which requires these materials to resist corrosive environments, extreme temperatures and cyclic loading. This investigation analyzes the effects of Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) upon the mechanical performance of manually arc-welded AISI 1035 (UNS G10350) steel. Rectangular test pieces were machined from carbon-steel piping that had been manually arc-welded using electrode type E6013. These samples were preheated to a temperature of 100 °C, then subsequently heat treated at 300 °C, 450 °C and 650 °C for 1 hour prior to cooling in still air. Mechanical performance of each specimen was assessed via tensile testing utilizing a Testometric machine and hardness assessment using Rockwell testing in accordance with ASTM E18. The results indicated an increase in tensile strength with increasing temperature during heat treatment and maximum tensile strength at 650°C; this was due to the formation of precipitated carbides and stabilization of the weld structure through heat treatment. The stress-strain plots illustrated an increase in flow stress that corresponded to a reduction in the elongation to failure for PWHT specimens; a trend indicative of a strength-ductility trade off. Decreases in Rockwell hardness relative to the as-welded condition were exhibited across all heat-treated conditions; this reflected both relief of residual stresses present within the heat affected zone and tempering of martensitic microstructures within this zone. Overall, the results indicate that heat-treatment parameters may be selected to decrease hardness (and therefore associated SSC/HIC risks), while simultaneously increasing strength for load bearing applications within oil and gas fabrication and/or repair operations involving AISI 1035 components. The relationship between PWHT parameters and material properties will aid in establishing practical guidelines for specification of PWHT within oil and gas fabrication and/or repair operations involving AISI 1035 components.

Aim: The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the relationship between neck pain and fatigue levels among individuals engaged in desk-based occupations. Methodology: Neck pain–related disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Fatigue levels were measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS). A total of 20 office-based workers (13 females, 7 males) participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 31.30 years. The mean height was 1.64 ± 7.6 m, and the mean weight was 63.4 ± 9.8 kg. Participants completed the NDI, FSS, and VAFS questionnaires through a survey method after providing written informed consent. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was found between NDI and VAFS scores (Pearson’s r = –0.45421, p = 0.0037). Higher neck disability was associated with greater fatigue levels. Mean scores for individual FSS items ranged from 2.76 to 4.37. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that greater neck disability is associated with increased fatigue among desk-job workers. These findings highlight the importance of posture correction, ergonomic modifications, and early screening to reduce neck-related disability and fatigue in individuals engaged in prolonged sitting occupations.

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