This paper examines how designers engage with sustainable materials through a practice-based methodology that integrates reflection, experimentation, and material understanding. It repositions sustainability not as a static design objective, but as a dynamic, iterative process that emerges through the act of making. By engaging with renewable, bio-based, and waste-derived materials, the research demonstrates how creative practice fosters ecological literacy and responsible production. Drawing upon design research and case-based evidence, this study argues that sustainability evolves from experiential learning, material dialogue, and systemic thinking rather than prescriptive frameworks. The outcomes emphasize the designer’s evolving role as a mediator between creativity, ecology, and technology.

Background: Thyroid carcinoma initially presents with clinical symptoms due to metastatic lesions in less than 5% of cases. Spinal cord compression from an epidural metastatic lesion as a first symptom is extremely rare. One would expect such a presentation to occur much later in the course of the disease. Case presentation: We report an unusual case of a 57-year-old-woman with the complaint of back pain for one year. A process was detected at the corpus of L5-S1 to S3 vertebra, by the sacrococcygeal MRI. Conclusion: Spinal metastasis as initial finding is very rare in the patients with FTC. However, prognosis is quite well with total tumor resection and adjuvant treatment. This cancer type must be kept in mind for differential diagnosis and must be screened in the patients with spinal tumors.

The BRICS block, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, has become a unified economic bloc that is busily reshaping the frontiers of world governance. Representing more than forty percent of the global population and a growing portion of world GDP, BRICS expresses a different vision of multilateralism, which systematically asserts itself on the normative and institutional dominance of the Western order. This paper conceptualizes BRICS as a norm-entrepreneurial alliance that has the goal of transforming the world orders on finance, trade, and development cooperation without compromising the values of state sovereignty, policy autonomy, and South-South solidarity. This study is based on constructivist international relations theory and global political economy of institutional change to provide a complete analysis. The qualitative discourse analysis of BRICS summit declarations in 2009-2023 and policy communiqués lies in the quantitative evaluation of trade, investment, and financial-flow indicators retrieved by the World Bank, IMF, and UNCTAD. As the analysis has shown, BRICS has played a tangible role in the spread of multipolar governance norms, and it has also helped to introduce parallel institutions, including the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement. Nevertheless, the capacity of BRICS to initiate a significant change is limited by internal disparities in economic power, political frameworks, and strategic ambitions between the members. The results indicate that although BRICS has a potential to promote a more inclusive and equitable international order, it is unable to do so because of profound disparities among members in economic strength, political structures, and strategic interests. BRICS exemplifies the irony of global change of shaking the existing power order and at the same time relying on it to maintain stability- the multi-faceted nature of reform and continuity that characterizes the modern age of global change. It is important to recognize this duality to comprehend the way international governance is changing in the modern multipolar and highly contested world.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of renal cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of all kidney malignancies in adults. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC progression remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to identify key dysregulated miRNAs and their target genes involved in ccRCC pathogenesis using an integrative in-silico bioinformatics approach. Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE116251, GSE95384, and GSE6357) were analyzed through the GEO2R tool to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) using |logFC| > 1 and adjusted p-value < 0.05 as thresholds. Overlapping miRNAs were determined using the Venny tool, and their corresponding target mRNAs were predicted through TargetScan. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment of DEGs were performed using the DAVID database, while protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed through STRING. The miRIAD and OncomiR databases were employed to elucidate miRNA–gene interactions, and the OncoLnc database was utilized for survival analysis. Our analysis revealed several dysregulated miRNAs, including miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-21-5p, along with key tumor-related genes such as VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, TP53, and PTEN, which significantly influence ccRCC prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes are involved in critical oncogenic pathways, including the cell cycle, p53 signaling, and PI3K–Akt pathways. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic framework that highlights novel miRNA–gene interactions potentially involved in ccRCC progression. The identified molecules may serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy in renal cancer, supporting further experimental validation and clinical investigation.

One of the core texts of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the Larger Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra, presents a deep existential and moral worldview based on compassion (karuṇā). The sutra offers a dynamic ethical framework in which compassion serves as both the ontological foundation of existence and the route to emancipation, far from being purely devotional. Moral behavior is changed into a soteriological process of self-transcendence through the vows of Amitābha Buddha, where the limited human situation opens up to boundless life (amitāyus). This study investigates the sutra's ethical philosophy using the dialectical interplay between self-power (jiriki) and other-power (tariki), revealing how compassion bridges the conflict between individual agency and universal salvation. The Larger Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra combines Buddhist moral theory with existential contemplation to present a vision of human fulfillment based on relationship and altruism. The thesis contends that the sutra's ethical vision goes beyond ceremonial piety to provide a universal philosophy of compassionate being applicable to both Buddhist and modern moral

The paper analyzes the effects of tariff policies on international trade flows and national competitiveness between 2018 and 2025, a time of revived of protectionism, the COVID-19 crisis, and a general surge in supply-chain disruptions. Using harmonized data sources provided by WTO, UNCTAD, World Bank, and IMF, we implement a two-way fixed-effects gravity model in order to provide a rigorous assessment of the effect of tariff changes on trade flows between developed and developing economies. To help counter the possibilities of endogeneity, we create a weighted tariff shock variable and apply system GMM regressions. We further expand the study with multidimensional measures of competitiveness such as export sophistication, logistics efficiency and innovation capacity in order to confirm the consistency of our findings. The findings are all consistent with the conclusion that increased tariffs reduce the performance of exports, and the negative effect is most pronounced in developing economies that are defined by a small industrial base and low technological potential. On the other hand, those economies that have high regional trade relations and sophisticated digital infrastructure have more resilience to tariff shocks due to diversifying supply chains and updating technology. In our analysis, we find that there are always negative impacts on the performance of exports due to higher tariffs, but the most negative impacts were observed in developing countries that are not technologically developed and whose industrial bases are small. The article provides practical policy advice on the need to balance short term industrial security with long-term economic sustainability in a more globalized economy.

The world financial system is growing more volatile, and it is questionable whether the conventional reserve currencies will remain as strong as ever. This paper will look at whether the euro can meaningfully challenge the U.S. dollar’s dominance as increasing economic volatility and the appearance of new competitors like the Chinese Yuan raise this question. This paper uses a qualitative and descriptive-quantitative approach based on empirical data provided by the IMF and BIS alongside the contributions of the hegemonic stability theory, network effects, and institutional trust to study the dynamic nature of global reserve currencies. It determines the competitiveness, credibility, and limitations of key reserve currencies. The results indicate that the dollar has fallen from above 70 per cent of the world reserves to approximately 58 per cent as at mid-2024. The euro has retained a consistent portion of about 20 per cent of the world reserves, with strong legal systems and effective monetary policy, but its expansive impact is limited by the fractured fiscal system and political disintegration of the Eurozone member states. The Yuan holds approximately 4 per cent of the global reserves. Despite China’s financial influence is increasing globally, the international role of the Yuan remains limited because of China’s capital controls, managed exchange rates, and financial transparency issues. This paper concludes that there is no single currency that will take the lead in the future. Rather, the world is becoming multipolar in terms of reserve systems where the dollar, euro, Yuan, and selected digital currencies co-exist.

Introduction: Primary tonsillar tuberculosis is exceptional even in endemic country like Morocco. the diagnosis was ‘not evocable on clinical signs because of their non specificity, diagnosis made after surgery and histological analysis.no primary location been found on radiological pulmonary exam. Case report: Herein, we report the exceptional case of a primary tonsil tuberculosis discovered in a 12 years child .no specific local or general symptom was observed. confirmation made by histology. Actually, the child is doing well under therapy. conclusion: primary tonsillar tuberculosis is exceptional, only histology can confirm the diagnosis. Thus, must make us keeping in mind this eventual diagnosis, particularly in pediatric population, every time symptoms are not specific.

Background: Sportspersons often suffer from traumatic dental injuries, which can have significant impact on their appearance and physical health. Thus, immediate evaluation is critical for early management as there are no strict guidelines regarding the usage of preventive strategies. Hence present study conducted to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among sportspersons. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among professional sportspersons in various sports academies in Haryana. Total sample size was 363. Data collection was carried out with the help of self-structured proforma containing sociodemographic details, knowledge, attitude, and practices and traumatic dental injuries were recorded using Ellis and Davis (1970) classification. Chi-square test was used to find out the difference between variables. Binary logistic regression applied to test the association between traumatic dental injuries and various sociodemographic and dental factors. Results: The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was found to be 10.5%. Central and lateral incisors were the most commonly affected teeth with Ellis Class I and II injuries. Female Sportspersons and those involved in contact sports exhibited a higher susceptibility to traumatic dental injuries. The study also revealed a low level of knowledge and attitude among sportspersons towards treatment and management. Conclusion: The burden of traumatic dental injuries was higher among female sportspersons and those playing contact sports. There is requirement to create awareness among sportspersons to mitigate the effect and to reduce the incidence of traumatic dental injuries.

Background: The integration of healthcare technologies in nursing has revolutionized patient care delivery and educational practices. Understanding nursing students’ perceptions toward these innovations is crucial for ensuring workforce readiness in technology-driven healthcare systems. Objectives: This study assessed nursing students’ awareness, readiness, and attitudes toward healthcare technologies, examined demographic variations, and identified perceived educational and training needs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 students at Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences using a 24-item Likert-scale questionnaire covering awareness, readiness, attitudes, training needs, and perceived effectiveness. Reliability was confirmed (Cronbach’s α = 0.963). Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA tests were performed using SPSS v25, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Students demonstrated high awareness (76%), confidence (86%), and willingness to use technology (84%). Year of study, GPA, and prior exposure significantly affected perceptions, while age did not. Participants emphasized the need for simulation-based learning, electronic health records training, and telehealth exposure. Conclusion: Although nursing students recognize the benefits of technology, structured training remains insufficient. Educational institutions must integrate comprehensive digital health competencies into nursing curricula to enhance readiness and promote patient-centered innovation.

Professional Roadside sweeping is associated with significant exposure to dust and vehicular emissions. Port Harcourt, the industrial and economic hub of Nigeria’s oil-rich Rivers State is a nidus for such environmental pollutants. Assessing the functionality of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in such personnel will be quite revealing. Thus, this study assessed the cardiovascular and pulmonary functions of Professional Road Sweepers in Port Harcourt (PRS-PH). Using the multistage approach, including the purposive and snowball sampling techniques, the present study sampled a total of one hundred subjects (comprising 50 female road sweepers and 50 female non-road sweepers) who were within the ages of 18 and 60 years and residents of the area for five (5) years and above. Following standard methods, the digital spirometer was used to assess the lung functions (Forced Vital Capacity (PVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1), FVC/FEVI ratio) of Professional Road Sweepers in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The result indicated significant (p<0.05) difference in the blood pressures of the exposed group with respect to that of the unexposed group. The study revealed significantly (p<0.05) raised levels of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio. This outcome is suggestive of a possible restrictive lung disorder in the road sweepers; In conclusion, the results of the study reveal a risk of cardiopulmonary disorders among the road sweepers. These findings will offer valuable insight and raise awareness and establish comprehensive measures that could protect these essential workers from cardiorespiratory hazards associated with their occupation.

Background: Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digit (FOPD) is a rare benign ossifying lesion of the soft tissues of fingers or toes. It may mimic other periungual tumors or malignant lesions, leading to diagnostic confusion. Case presentation: We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with a 6-month history of a painless, progressively enlarging nodule of the right index finger. The lesion was excised for cosmetic concern. Histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed spindle-cell proliferation with osteoid and trabecular bone formation, overlaid by hyperplastic and orthokeratotic epidermis. No cytologic atypia or mitotic activity was noted. Conclusion: Recognition of FOPD is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Molecular studies may show USP6 rearrangements, supporting its classification as a benign transient neoplasm. Complete local excision is curative with excellent prognosis.

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) experience balance impairments due to neuropathy, muscle weakness, and central nervous system alterations, which increase fall risk. While most studies focus on level walking, there is limited information about motor control adaptation during gait on inclined surfaces. Objective: To determine whether postural sway while walking differs between PLHIV at risk of falls and those not at risk during flat and inclined surfaces. Methods: Thirty-two PLHIV (21 fall risk; 11 non–fall risk) completed walking trials at 0% and 8% incline. The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale classifies fall risk. Postural sway parameters (RMS and centroidal frequency) were captured with accelerometers. A 2 × 2 mixed MANOVA compared groups and conditions. Results: A significant main effect of incline was observed (F(6,25) = 2.980, p = .025, partial η² = .417). Sway RMS and sagittal RMS were greater on level ground than on the incline (p < .001). No significant group differences or interactions were found. Conclusion: Inclined walking reduced sway amplitude while slightly increasing sway frequency, suggesting adaptive neuromuscular control. Incline walking may create a rigid or frizzing postural strategy in PLHIV regardless of fall-risk status. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating environmental challenges into fall-risk assessments and interventions.

Unsafe working conditions, lack of safety awareness and obvious restricted access to protective gears make artisanal workers highly vulnerable to different forms of occupational risks. Thus, the present study set out to evaluate some biochemical stress markers and atherogenic profile changes in automobile artisans in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a cross-sectional approach to survey automobile repair workers or auto-artisan in various workshops located in Port-Harcourt Metropolis. The purposive and snowball sample size determination tools to recruit the study participants. Eventually, a sample of 60 automobile repair artisans (Automobile Artisans) and 40 control individuals (Non-Automobile Artisans) totaling 100 participants were recruited for the study. Upon ethical approvals and consent issuance by the study participants, blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vessel by phlebotomists, using standard procedures. Quantitative data got from the study were subjected to statistical screening using version 25.0 of the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) programme. Statistical significance were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-Hoc LSD multiple comparison test. The result of the study showed that the automobile artisans’ job naturally selected people mainly within their thirties to their forties of age and that the job may not exert adverse effects on the BMI status of the workers as their was only marginal difference in their mean BMI from that of the non-automobile artisans. On the lipid profile examination, there was generally significant (p<0.05) elevation of TG and reduction in HDL-C levels in artisans compared to those of non-artisan subjects. The atherogenic indices indicated significant (p<0.05) increases in atherogenic coefficient (AC) and Castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1). The levels of GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD were seen to be significantly (p<0.05) depressed in virtually all auto-workers when compared to that of the non-artisans (control group). The frequent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and timely/good health seeking behaviours amongst the automobile artisans are recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a major global health concern. This study explores awareness, public attitudes, and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS within a general community. A survey of 100 participants aged 18–50 years was conducted using structured questions to assess knowledge of HIV transmission routes, perceptions of openness, and social stigma. Results indicate that awareness of sexual transmission is high, but misconceptions about other transmission modes persist. Nearly half of respondents believe individuals with HIV should not disclose their status, reflecting ongoing stigma. The findings emphasize the need for continuous educational efforts to promote accurate knowledge and foster a supportive environment for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV).