Protection of human rights of individuals with mental illness is basic to ethical and legal psychiatric care. Nurses play an important role in safeguarding these rights in mental healthcare settings; and this depends largely on the nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of psychiatric nurses regarding the human rights of individuals with mental illness and to examine the relationships among these variables. A quantitative descriptive correlational design was adopted. Data collected from a total of 109 psychiatric nurses working in the inpatient department of a selected psychiatric hospital in Saudi Arabia; through a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms link. The majority of participants (64%) had good knowledge, while 33% showed moderate knowledge. The mean attitude score was 50.94 ± 6.20, indicating a moderately favorable attitude; however, 70% of nurses demonstrated a neutral attitude. The mean practice score was 24.72 ± 8.28, reflecting a moderate level of rights-based practice, with 33% exhibiting poor practice. A very strong positive correlation found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.928, p < 0.001) and between knowledge and practice (r = 0.946, p < 0.001) and a moderate positive correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). This indicates though psychiatric nurses had good knowledge and favorable attitudes toward human rights, practice remains suboptimal. Hence strengthening formal training is essential to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice to promote ethical psychiatric care.

Background: Missed abortion is a common complication (1-5% of pregnancies) involving the retention of a non-viable embryo or fetus within utero. Diagnosis relies on ultrasound, revealing halted development and absent fetal heartbeat. If untreated it poses emotional distress and infection risk. Treatment options are surgical evacuation or medical management with abortifacients. Vaginal misoprostol is preferred for higher efficacy and quicker results, while oral misoprostol is more convenient but slightly less effective with longer treatment times. Both the rotes offer non-invasive alternatives to surgery, in management option of missed abortion. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol over oral misoprostol in the medical management of missed abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka. The sampling method was random selection according to the availability of the patients. Data were collected from women aged 18-35 years. Patients diagnosed with missed abortion through ultrasonography (USG) and received medical management with vaginal misoprostol were considered as group I (n=36), while those received oral misoprostol comprised as group II (n=36). The outcome of termination of pregnancy in between group I and II were measured. The descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using SPSSv26. p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study found that vaginal misoprostol was significantly more effective than oral misoprostol, with a success rate of 80.6% compared to 55.6% (p=0.042). Vaginal misoprostol also required fewer doses and shorter induction-expulsion times (p=0.028, p=0.004). Surgical intervention was needed less frequently in the vaginal group (19.4% vs. 44.4%, p=0.042). Adverse effects differed, with more nausea/vomiting and fever in the oral group and more severe cramps and diarrhea in the vaginal group. Hemoglobin levels decreased similarly in both groups. The duration of bleeding favored vaginal misoprostol, but patient satisfaction significantly favored it as well (75.0% vs. 44.5%, p=0.029). Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol is more effective than oral misoprostol in the medical management of missed abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Pupils’ lack of interest in mathematics at tender ages in primary school has been observed to be one of the major causes of low performance in the subject as learners progress in the academic pursuit. Among other factors, Teacher-Pupil relationship remains one of the grey areas that require an in-depth examination to understand its influence on the pupils’ interest in mathematics in Osun State primary schools. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of teacher-pupil relationship on pupils' interest in learning Mathematics, so as to enhance teachers’ knowledge on strategies to adopt for improving pupils’ academic achievement in mathematics. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A total of 100 pupils were randomly selected from both public and private primary schools in Ife Central Local Government Area. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 determined through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and analyzed using frequency count and regression analysis. The results showed that teacher–pupil relationship in Mathematics classroom is positive, that the interest of pupils in learning Mathematics is high and that there is a significant relationship between teacher-pupil relationship and pupils’ interest in learning Mathematics in the study area. The study then concluded that positive teacher–pupil relationship is crucial to pupils’ interest in learning Mathematics and recommended that teachers should continuously strengthen teacher-pupils relationship skills through trainings, pupil-centered pedagogies, regular mentorship and feedback systems.

Background and Objectives: Accurately estimating fetal weight is critical for optimal obstetric management. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using fetal liver length, measured via ultrasonography, to predict estimated fetal weight (EFWG). The specific objectives were to assess fetal weight using fetal liver length, establish predictive mathematical formulas, correlate liver length with EFWG, and quantify the strength of the association between fetal liver parameters and fetal weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 173 pregnant women with confirmed normal pregnancies at Ultrasound Department of Al-Auda Medical Center in Hafr Al-Batin, KSA; Pregnancies with suspected congenital abnormalities were excluded. Sonographic evaluations were performed using a real-time grayscale scanner (Mindray and Fujifilm) equipped with a 3.5 MHz curvilinear array transducer. Data collection involved measuring fetal liver length, and the data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression methods. Results: The proposed simple linear regression analysis revealed that fetal liver length demonstrated a strong positive linear correlation with estimated fetal weight (R = 0.766). The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.587) confirms that approximately 58.7 % of the total variance in fetal weight can be directly explained by liver length alone. The adjusted R2 (0.585) further substantiates the stability and reliability of the model. The analysis of variance yielded an F-statistic of 243.082 (p < 0.001), verifying that the regression model is highly significant and that the relationship is robust rather than a result of random chance. The derived unstandardized model provides a direct mathematical formula for clinical application: EFW G = -1637.782 + 492.151 X (Liver Length). The unstandardized coefficient for liver length (B = 492.151, t = 15.591, p < 0.001) confirms its critical role in assessing fetal growth parameters. Overall, these findings validate fetal liver length as a dependable, highly accurate metric for clinical estimation of fetal weight in routine obstetrical evaluations. This equation specifies that for every 1 cm increase in fetal liver length, the estimated fetal weight increases by approximately 492.15 g. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that fetal liver length is a robust and statistically significant predictor of estimated fetal weight, offering a reliable, alternative parameter for comprehensive fetal growth assessment in clinical practice.

Background: Cricket has gradually drifted away from intuition led coaching toward a discipline governed by measurement and computation, propelled largely by artificial intelligence and wearable sensing. Yet the scholarship charting this shift stays scattered across engineering, biomechanics, and sports science, leaving little clarity on how these strands connect. Methods: This study mapped that terrain through a bibliometric and science mapping exercise. A total of 688 documents indexed in Scopus between 1981 and March 2025 were retrieved using a Boolean title–abstract–keyword strategy, screened under PRISMA guidance, and examined with the R-based Bibliometrix package. Results: The field showed a modest annual growth of 4.35%, drew contributions from 2,199 authors, and saw roughly a fifth of its output emerge through cross border partnerships. Three phases surfaced long dormancy, gradual momentum after 2005, and a steep climb from 2022. India dominated in volume while the United States commanded citation influence, and the University of Twente anchored institutional productivity. A dual thematic character blended acoustic sensor biology with performance-oriented wearable and machine learning research. Conclusion: The evidence sketches a maturing yet fragmented field, offering scientists, engineers, and sporting bodies a grounded reference point for where smart cricket inquiry has travelled and where it seems headed.

Background: Stature estimation is a fundamental component of forensic identification and anthropological investigations. Although long-bone measurements provide the highest accuracy, they are not always available in cases involving fragmented or incomplete human remains. Anthropometric measurements of the hand and fingers offer practical alternatives because they are simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive. The little finger has been comparatively underexplored as a predictor of stature, particularly in South Indian populations. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between little finger length and stature and to develop regression models for anthropometric estimation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 105 healthy adults aged 18–40 years at Yenepoya Medical College. Standing height was measured using a stadiometer, while right and left little finger lengths were measured using a Vernier caliper following standard anthropometric techniques. Each measurement was recorded twice, and the average value was used for analysis. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results; Stature demonstrated a significant positive correlation with right little finger length (r = 0.484, p < 0.001) and left little finger length (r = 0.390, p < 0.001). Weight showed a significant correlation only with the right little finger (r = 0.328, p = 0.001), whereas BMI was not significantly associated with either measurement. Regression analysis identified height and gender as significant predictors of right little finger length (R² = 27.3%), while height alone significantly predicted left little finger length (R² = 15.2%). Discriminant analysis based on bilateral little finger lengths correctly classified 67.61% of participants according to sex. Conclusion: Little finger length demonstrates a statistically significant association with stature and may serve as a practical anthropometric parameter in forensic and anthropological applications. Population-specific regression models may improve the accuracy of stature estimation in situations where conventional skeletal measurements are unavailable.

Background: Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) are major healthcare-associated complications among mechanically ventilated patients, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and higher healthcare costs. Critical care nurses play a pivotal role in implementing evidence-based strategies to prevent VAEs; however, evidence regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) remains limited, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Objective: To assess critical care nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding VAE prevention, examine the relationships among these domains, and determine differences according to demographic and professional characteristics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 89 critical care nurses working in the adult ICU, pediatric ICU, and neonatal ICU at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa in Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling and completed a validated self-administered questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to VAE prevention. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and domain scores. Pearson's correlation examined relationships among KAP domains, while Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests compared scores across participant characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: Participants demonstrated highly positive attitudes and high self-reported adherence to recommended VAE prevention practices, with median scores of 20 for both domains, whereas knowledge scores were more variable (median = 6). Knowledge was positively associated with practice (r = 0.257, p = .015). Specialized training was associated with higher knowledge scores (p = .010), while age was associated with attitude (p = .038). No significant differences in practice were observed across demographic or professional characteristics. Conclusion: Critical care nurses demonstrated positive attitudes and high adherence to evidence-based VAE prevention practices despite variability in knowledge. The association between knowledge and practice highlights the importance of structured education and competency-based training to strengthen evidence-based care. These findings provide baseline evidence to support nursing education, leadership, and quality improvement initiatives aimed at enhancing patient safety in Saudi critical care settings.

Capsule retention is a rare but clinically significant complication of video capsule endoscopy (VCE), particularly in patients with refractory celiac disease. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with type II refractory celiac disease who developed jejunal capsule retention after VCE despite a negative magnetic resonance enterography (MRE). Conservative treatment with prednisone and laxatives resulted in spontaneous capsule passage after 30 days, avoiding endoscopic or surgical retrieval. This case highlights the importance of careful patient selection, pre-procedural risk assessment, and individualized management of capsule retention in inflammatory small bowel disease.

Losses of data are a widespread issue of the real-world tabular data, utilized in machine learning (ML). Missing values may dramatically hamper the quality of the model, be biased, and result in incorrect inferences unless addressed correctly. This is a systematic literature review (SLR) that explores and syntheses 52 research articles published 2020-2026 in high-impact peer review journals. The review is done under the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items to Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Methods of imputation can be divided into 5 broad categories: statistical and conventional imputation methods (mean, median, mode, and Last Observation Carried Forward), machine learning-based methods (k-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines), multiple imputation methods (including MICE, missForest and missRanger), deep learning-based methods (including Autoencoders, Vari There is a systematic comparison between methods based on type of dataset, missing data mechanism (MCAR, MAR, MNAR), evaluation measures (RMSE, MAE, accuracy, AUC), computational complexity and scalability. Using our results, it appears that, up to low missingness rates, conventional approaches are equally competitive, but that deep generative models (with GAN-based models or diffusion-based models being two different approaches to the same task) are matched when applied to high-dimensional and heterogeneous tabular data. However, there is no one particular approach that prevails in all situations. This review finds the overall gaps in research, such as the absence of standardized benchmarks, the relative dearth of interest in MNAR mechanisms, and the lack of research on imputation in federated learning. The results give practical advice to practitioners and researchers to use the right imputation techniques when using tabular ML tasks.

Background: Thin gingival phenotype is associated with increased susceptibility to gingival recession, soft-tissue instability, and compromised esthetic outcomes. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of microneedling (MN) with and without concentrated platelet-rich fibrin (C-PRF) for gingival phenotype modification. Methods: This prospective split-mouth comparative clinical study included 42 sites, with 21 sites each in the group A and group B. Ground A sites received MN with adjunctive C-PRF, whereas Group B sites received MN alone. Gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patient-level mean values were used for statistical analysis. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in GT and KTW from baseline to follow-up. Group A demonstrated significantly greater GT than Group B at 3 and 6 months (P <0.05). Intergroup differences in KTW were not statistically significant. Pain scores decreased progressively in both groups without significant intergroup differences. Conclusion: Adjunctive use of C-PRF with microneedling resulted in superior improvement in gingival thickness and may represent an effective minimally invasive option for gingival phenotype enhancement.

The Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) developed by Buzan and Wæver (2003) has conventionally treated the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and West Asia as analytically distinct security complexes, connected only loosely through great-power overlay. The 2024 enlargement of BRICS which brought Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates into full membership alongside founding member India, with Saudi Arabia occupying an unresolved associate status has drawn actors from both complexes into a single multilateral institutional framework. This paper asks whether this development constitutes a genuine merger of the two regional security complexes, an instance of institutional overlay, or a distinct pathway of regional change that RSCT has not yet theorized. Using a qualitative, historical-comparative method that examines BRICS summit declarations, energy and connectivity linkages, and the persistence of intra-bloc security frictions, the paper argues that BRICS enlargement has produced institutional convergence without corresponding security convergence. This decoupling carries direct implications for India, which now occupies the institutional seam between both complexes and must manage this convergence while preserving its strategic autonomy.

Artificial intelligence [AI] has become an indispensable part of scientific and medical research, however, the exponential growth in model complexity and computational requirements has made AI adoption challenging for resource-limited settings. The concept of Frugal AI has emerged to address this gap by designing efficient, accessible, and sustainable AI systems that achieve comparable accuracy with reduced computational, financial, and environmental costs. In the context of medical research, Frugal AI enables data-driven discovery, diagnostics, and decision-making through low-cost, scalable, and adaptable methodologies. This review explores the evolution and influence of Frugal AI on research methodology in biomedical sciences over the past decade. It discusses its principles, technological innovations, and integration into experimental design, data management, and analytical frameworks. Furthermore, the paper critically evaluates the benefits and limitations of Frugal AI in medical research, highlighting its transformative role in improving accessibility, reducing bias, and fostering innovation in low-resource environments. Finally, it underscores the future perspectives of Frugal AI in achieving equitable, reproducible, and sustainable medical research worldwide.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in perimenopausal women may indicate a spectrum of endometrial pathology ranging from atrophic change to carcinoma, and transvaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) has been proposed as a non-invasive tool to triage women who require histopathological sampling. This study aimed to determine the distribution of ET and histopathological diagnoses among perimenopausal women with AUB and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ET cut-off values in predicting endometrial pathology. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, in collaboration with the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathology, from July 2021 to June 2023. Ninety-seven perimenopausal women aged 39 years and above presenting with AUB underwent transvaginal sonography followed by histopathological evaluation of endometrial samples. ET was correlated with histopathological findings using the chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 43.04±2.54 years; menorrhagia was the commonest symptom (51.5%). The overall mean ET was 7.98±3.32 mm, ranging from 5.83±1.06 mm in atrophic endometrium to 12.15±2.36 mm in endometrial polyps. ET was significantly associated with histopathological diagnosis (χ²=21.74, p<0.001). An ET cut-off of >4.9 mm gave 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value but 24.0% specificity; >7.9 mm gave the best balance (66.0% sensitivity, 76.0% specificity, 71.1% accuracy); >11.9 mm gave 100% specificity and positive predictive value but 29.8% sensitivity. Conclusion: Endometrial thickness correlates significantly with histopathological diagnosis in perimenopausal women with AUB. No single cut-off simultaneously optimises both rule-in and rule-out performance; a graded diagnostic approach combining ET with clinical judgement is recommended before proceeding to invasive sampling.

Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer management; however, its non-selective cytotoxic effects frequently result in significant oral mucosal complications that adversely affect patient wellbeing and treatment outcomes. The oral mucosa is particularly susceptible to injury because of its rapid epithelial turnover, rich vascularity, and constant exposure to mechanical and microbial insults. Chemotherapy-induced oral changes commonly include oral mucositis, xerostomia, opportunistic infections, dysgeusia, ulcerative lesions, mucosal pigmentation, and bleeding manifestations. Among these, oral mucositis is the most common and debilitating complication, often leading to pain, dysphagia, impaired nutrition, reduced quality of life, and interruption of cancer therapy. The pathogenesis involves direct epithelial toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine activation, and breakdown of the mucosal barrier, predisposing patients to secondary infections and delayed healing. Early diagnosis, preventive oral care, and multidisciplinary management are essential for minimizing morbidity and improving therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and management of chemotherapy-induced oral mucosal changes.

Antimicrobial resistance, strict regulations on the use of antibiotics in livestock and consumer preference for sustainable livestock products have once again drawn attention to the role of medicinal plants as complementary or alternate means of treatment in the veterinary field. This review consolidates evidence from 151 peer-reviewed articles in order to critically analyze the possibilities in the use of phytomedicines in the context of One Health through an analysis of its therapeutic possibilities, disease management roles and even the conservation aspect. The history and ethnobotany behind the use of plants in animal therapy is explored, along with the pharmacology behind the major bioactive principles alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils and tannins discussing their mode of action that include cell membrane disruption, efflux-pump inhibitors, quorum-sensing inhibitors and immune modulation. Specific examples exist from studies involving species across livestock, companion and aquatic animals as well as captive and free-ranging wildlife that show antimicrobial, antiparasitic anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties, among others, with multi-target effects suggesting a possible approach for minimizing resistance development. The review highlights the trade-offs associated with the exploitation of botanical resources, focusing on conservation practices through cultivation efforts and community management, as well as current barriers to the development of plant medicine, which include lack of standardization, pharmacokinetic information, clinical studies and regulation. The review highlights that for moving forward from using veterinary phytotherapeutics in an empirical way to applying them scientifically, there is a need for concerted efforts toward conducting proper clinical trials, pharmacology research on animals, toxicity testing and regulation of the use of medicinal plants.