Background: Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a chronic, progressive encephalitis affecting one hemisphere of the brain. Intractable focal seizures, progressive neurological & cognitive decline and hemispheric atrophy are common clinical and radiological presentations of the disease. Objective: To see the clinical spectrum & short-term treatment outcome of Rasmussen Encephalitis. Method: It was a prospective interventional study, conducted at Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2022 to July 2023. Total 15 patients with Rasmussen encephalitis were evaluated after IV Methylprednisolone therapy at the doses of 20-30 mg/kg/day. Results: Among 15 patients, 8 (53.3%) were aged 5–10 years and 7 (46.7%) were <5 years; males predominated (11, 73.3%). All presented with seizures, hemiparesis, neuroregression, and cognitive impairment. Dysarthria was observed in 10 (66.7%) and facial nerve palsy in 4 (26.7%). Focal seizures were most common (7, 46.7%), followed by generalized tonic–clonic seizures (3, 20%). EEG showed unihemispheric slowing in 12 (80%) and generalized slowing in 3 (20%). Neuroimaging revealed unihemispheric insular–perisylvian atrophy with basal ganglia involvement in all cases. Following IV methylprednisolone, seizure frequency improved in 13 (86.7%) and EEG improved in 8 (53.3%). Conclusion: All patients with Rasmussen encephalitis presented with seizure, hemiparesis, neuroregression & cognitive impairment. IV Pulse methylprednisolone therapy were effective where seizure frequency reduced more than three-fourth cases & electroencephalographical improvement occured more than half of the cases of all Rasmussen encephalitis.

Background: Transitioning to full oral feeding is a critical developmental milestone for preterm infants and a primary requirement for hospital discharge. The Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) is a novel, evidence-based technique designed to strengthen oral muscles and decrease the length of hospital stays. Despite its clinical benefits, the successful implementation of PIOMI depends heavily on the competence and attitudes of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. Objective: This review aimed to appraise the current state of knowledge and practices among neonatal nurses regarding the implementation of PIOMI. Method: A systematic approach was employed to search electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid (Medline), and Elsevier. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles published within the last five years using specific keywords such as "PIOMI," "oral feeding practices," and "neonatal nurses' knowledge." Strict inclusion criteria ensured the selection of empirical studies focused on NICU settings and nurse-led interventions. Result: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. The review of literature reveals that while PIOMI significantly improve feeding efficiency and reduce hospital stays, a notable disparity exists between nurses' positive attitudes and their practical competence. Several studies highlighted that structured training programs significantly improve nurses' knowledge levels and the speed at which infants achieve independent feeding. Conclusion: The literature underscores the efficacy of PIOMI in optimizing developmental outcomes for preterm infants. However, the gap between nurse enthusiasm and clinical skill necessitates the integration of standardized, competency-based educational programs into NICU protocols. Collaborative efforts to involve parents in feeding interventions and the adoption of standardized assessment scales are crucial for fostering the successful transition to oral feeding and improving the overall quality of neonatal care.

The persistent increase in atmospheric CO₂ levels presents a dual challenge of environmental mitigation and sustainable energy generation. This study introduces a unified nano-engineered platform combining nanostructured metals, plasmonic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and defect-rich TiO₂ to drive selective CO₂ conversion into CO, CH₄, and CH₃OH. By leveraging synergistic nano-interfaces, this work integrates catalytic activity with optoelectronic functionality, enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and chemical transformation. Nanostructured metals provide tailored surface states for CO₂ adsorption, while plasmonic nanoparticles induce hot-electron injection, and quantum dots facilitate directional charge transfer. Defective TiO₂ layers introduce oxygen vacancies that localize charges and modulate reaction pathways. Comprehensive material characterization using TEM, XRD, XPS, PL, and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirms controlled interface formation, defect density, and optical enhancement. CO₂ conversion experiments under gas-phase and photo-assisted modes demonstrate tunable product selectivity via defect engineering and electrical bias application. The hybrid platform achieves enhanced Faradaic efficiency, turnover number, and operational stability compared to conventional systems. Mechanistic insights reveal that defect-plasmon-quantum dot interactions govern charge localization and transfer, providing a predictive framework for reaction steering. Integration with photovoltaic and optoelectronic modules showcases the feasibility of combined chemical and energy conversion, offering a pathway toward scalable, smart CO₂-to-fuel system. These findings provide a transformative approach to CO₂ utilization, highlighting the potential for decentralized renewable energy generation and sustainable fuel production. The methodology and insights reported herein establish a foundation for designing multi-functional catalytic systems with controllable reaction pathways and integrated energy recovery.

The global diffusion of algorithmic management—where data-driven systems allocate work, evaluate performance, and enforce organizational rules—has transformed labor relations across diverse economic and cultural contexts. From digital labor platforms and multinational supply chains to service and manufacturing sectors in both developed and developing economies, algorithmic systems increasingly mediate the relationship between workers and organizations. While these technologies promise efficiency, objectivity, and scalability, their implications for employee trust remain underexplored, particularly from a global perspective. This study investigates how employees across algorithmically managed work environments perceive control, fairness, and autonomy, and how these perceptions shape trust in organizational systems operating under algorithmic governance. Grounded in organizational trust theory and justice-based frameworks, the study adopts a mixed-methods research design combining survey data with semi-structured interviews conducted among employees working under algorithmic oversight in multiple organizational settings. Quantitative findings indicate that perceived procedural fairness, transparency of algorithmic decision-making, and opportunities for autonomy significantly enhance employee trust, regardless of sector or national context. In contrast, opaque algorithms, intensive digital surveillance, and limited avenues for worker voice consistently undermine trust. Qualitative evidence reveals that these challenges are particularly pronounced in contexts characterized by labor precarity, power asymmetries, and weak institutional protections—conditions prevalent in many developing and transitional economies. The findings suggest that algorithmic management often reproduces existing global inequalities by amplifying managerial control while reducing employee agency, especially where workers lack bargaining power or access to explanations and appeals. At the same time, when organizations integrate human oversight, contextual sensitivity, and transparent communication into algorithmic systems, employees are more likely to perceive such technologies as legitimate and trustworthy. This study contributes to the growing global literature on algorithmic management by centering employee perceptions across varied labor contexts and highlighting trust as a critical mediator between technology and organizational outcomes. The study offers practical implications for policymakers and organizations worldwide, emphasizing the need for human-centered, context-aware algorithmic governance to foster fair, autonomous, and trust-based workplaces in an increasingly digitized global economy.

Bulbar ulcer bleeding remains a frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, although its incidence has decreased with the use of proton pump inhibitors and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between bulbar ulcer topography and clinical severity. This was a prospective analytical study conducted over a 28-month period, from April 2020 to August 2022, including patients admitted on an emergency basis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to a bulbar ulcer. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tobacco consumption were the main identified risk factors. A marked male predominance was observed, and anterior localization of the bulbar ulcer was significantly associated with an increased risk of hemodynamic instability.

Purpose ‒ The aims to examine the factors influencing the adoption of Islamic Banking in Uganda, utilizing the theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI). The study investigates the effects of relative advantage, compatibility, and perceived risk on adoption, and evaluates the moderating role of customer awareness in the relationships. Design/Methodology/Approach ‒ A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 256 banking customers in Kampala Metropolitan Area. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS. Findings ‒ Findings indicate that relative advantage and compatibility have a significant and positive influence on adoption, whereas perceived risk has an adverse effect. Customer awareness significantly moderates these relationships, enhancing the effects of relative advantage and compatibility and reducing the negative impact of perceived risk Originality/Value ‒This research is among the first empirical investigation of Islamic Banking adoption in Uganda following the launch of the country’s first dedicated Islamic Bank back in 2023. It provides a timely and critical examination of adoption drivers, uniquely introducing and validating customer awareness as a significant moderator within the DOI framework in Ugandan novel context. Research Limitations/Implications ‒ The study's focus on the Kampala Metropolitan Area may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions. Future research could expand the geographical scope. This study addresses a notable gap in the empirical literature on Islamic banking within Sub-Saharan Africa and contributes to understanding financial innovation diffusion in emerging Muslim communities. Practical Implications ‒ The insights provide strategic value to practitioners aiming to promote Islamic Banking in Uganda. Enhancing customer awareness initiatives can accelerate adoption by showcasing the benefits and alignment of Islamic Banking with customers’ financial values. Concurrently, marketing and educational campaigns should explicitly address and mitigate perceived risks to broaden acceptance.

This study was conducted to investigate the concentration level of heavy metals in the water, sediment, and five fish species of the Argungu River and two surrounding lakes in Kebbi State, Nigeria. This was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metal with the highest mean concentration in all fish species is Fe, followed by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr. The mean concentration of metals determined in the water samples ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 mg/L to 52.52 ± 0.09 mg/L, and for sediment samples, it ranged from 0.25 ± 0.00 mg/kg to 97.70 ± 0.53 mg/kg. Hyperopisus bebe has the highest concentration of all the heavy metals analyzed. The metal concentrations in the fish samples were ranked in the following sequence: Malapterurus electricus > Alestes baremose > Clarias gariepinus > Hydrocunus brevis > Tilapia zilli. The overall concentrations of heavy metals detected in the fish, water, and sediment samples were in the following order: Fe > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr. Fe and Pb accounted for over 90% of all the metals studied. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to reveal significant differences in the measured variables. Concentrations are often lower in water, followed by sediment and fish. The results obtained indicated that the heavy metal concentrations in the fish, sediment, and water were found to be above the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization. Thus, the study revealed that there is significantly high heavy metal pollution in these fish species sampled from Argungu River and the surrounding lakes, and the consumption of the available fish species in the river may cause harmful effects to human beings.

This study aimed to examine the effects of open and closed kinetic chain exercise interventions and to determine how these structured training programs influence selected physiological variables, specifically breathe holding time and VO2 Max, among inter-collegiate cricketers. A total of 45 inter-collegiate male cricketers aged 18–25 years from AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu were selected for the study. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: An Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Group (OKCEG), a Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Group (CKCEG), and a Control Group (CG). The experimental groups underwent their respective structured kinetic chain training programs for six weeks, while the control group continued with their regular physical activities. Breathe holding time and VO2 Max was selected as the dependent physiological variable and were assessed using a standardized test. Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analyzed using appropriate inferential statistical techniques to determine significant differences among the groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The results revealed significant improvements in breathe holding time and VO2 Max in both the open and closed kinetic chain exercise groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The control group did not exhibit any significant change in breathe holding time and VO2 Max. The findings of the study indicate that structured open and closed kinetic chain exercise interventions are effective in enhancing breathe holding time and VO2 Max among inter-collegiate cricket players. Both training methods proved superior to regular activity alone, highlighting the importance of incorporating kinetic chain exercises into cricket training programs to improve physiological performance.

Background: Immunization during pregnancy, specifically with Tdap and Influenza vaccines, is vital for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite global recommendations, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal due to knowledge gaps, safety concerns, and negative attitudes among expectant mothers. Aim: This review evaluates the current state of knowledge and attitudes regarding Tdap and Influenza vaccination among pregnant women and assesses the impact of educational interventions on vaccine uptake. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024. The search utilized keywords related to pregnancy vaccination, Tdap, influenza, and educational interventions. A total of 27 studies (24 quantitative, 1 qualitative, and 2 mixed-methods) were included in the final synthesis. Results: Findings reveal significant global variations in vaccine awareness. Studies from Saudi Arabia, India, and China reported low levels of knowledge regarding vaccine safety and the benefits of maternal immunization. In contrast, European studies generally showed higher awareness, though misconceptions regarding fetal risks persisted. Across all regions, the primary barriers to vaccination included fear of side effects, lack of healthcare provider (HCP) recommendations, and misinformation. Conversely, educational interventions—including tailored mobile applications and provider-led health education—demonstrated a marked increase in vaccine acceptance and uptake post-intervention. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps and lack of HCP encouragement are critical barriers to maternal immunization. Structured educational interventions and strong provider-patient communication are essential strategies to demystify vaccinations and improve uptake. Future research should focus on longitudinal, culturally tailored interventional studies to develop effective public health campaigns.

Introduction: The synchronous association of a Complete Hydatidiform Mole (CHM) and an Exaggerated Placental Site (EPS) is a rare clinical entity. Although benign, EPS can histologically mimic malignant lesions such as Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT), posing a major diagnostic challenge. We report a case illustrating the value of primary surgery in a 50-year-old multiparous patient (G4P4) who presented with persistent metrorrhagia. Presentation of case: Clinical examination revealed an enlarged uterus (corresponding to 12 weeks of gestation), and ultrasonography demonstrated a typical "snowstorm" pattern associated with serum beta-hCG levels > 400,000 mIU/mL. Given the advanced maternal age and hemorrhagic risk, a total abdominal hysterectomy with ovarian conservation was performed as the primary intervention. Clinical discussion: Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed a CHM associated with a florid proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts infiltrating the superficial myometrium (EPS). The global architectural analysis provided by the hysterectomy specimen allowed for the exclusion of deep invasion and neoplasia (PSTT) without the systematic need for complex immunohistochemistry. The postoperative course was favorable, with beta-hCG negativization within 8 weeks and no need for adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: In perimenopausal patients, primary hysterectomy constitutes a safe and effective therapeutic option for high-risk hydatidiform moles. It enables a precise histological diagnosis of EPS by offering a complete architectural view, thereby avoiding diagnostic errors and unnecessary adjuvant treatments.

The rapid evolution of digital technologies has fundamentally disrupted traditional arbitration processes, introducing new complexities and opportunities at the intersection of blockchain technology, smart contracts, and online arbitration. This study examines the legal and practical challenges arising from the integration of blockchain technology, smart contracts, and online arbitration. The research addresses the problem of adapting traditional dispute resolution frameworks to decentralized automated agreements that transcend national borders. Using doctrinal analysis and comparative review of legal sources, case studies, and real-world platforms, the study identifies key types of smart contracts and evaluates on-chain and off-chain arbitration models. Findings highlight both the efficiency and transparency offered by blockchain-based dispute resolution, as well as persistent issues such as jurisdictional uncertainty, enforceability, technical vulnerabilities, and privacy risks. The results underscore the need for clear legal standards, technical safeguards, and the adoption of advanced technologies. The study recommends promoting interoperability, specifying governing law in smart contracts, and leveraging AI and off-chain execution systems to enhance the robustness and adaptability of digital dispute resolution.

The article examines how interstate competition serves as a catalyst for scientific and technological progress while simultaneously accelerating the evolution of legal systems. From a historical-comparative perspective, it analyzes the precedent of the Roman Empire, in which law functioned as a “social technology” for integrating and governing a multinational space, reducing transaction costs and ensuring institutional resilience under the limited technological dynamism of antiquity. This experience is compared with the contemporary U.S.–China technological race, where rivalry manifests not only in large language models and robotics but also in infrastructural strategies for supercomputing (data centers, “cold” territories, and energy solutions). The theoretical framework incorporates ideas of “creative destruction” and conflict strategy, allowing competition to be interpreted as a source of a parasocial effect of mutual acceleration even in the absence of direct cooperation. Methodologically, the study relies on interdisciplinary comparative-historical analysis, a political-economic assessment of innovation policy, and scenario modeling over a 10–20-year horizon. The article substantiates a shift in law from a reactive model toward anticipatory regulation (sandboxes, iterative norms, smart contracts) and formulates the concept of “super-law” an adaptive, technologically oriented, and human-centered normative architecture for the era of AI and autonomous systems. The study concludes that competition can be productive provided it is constrained by legal and ethical safeguards and that international “rules of the race” are necessary to minimize escalation risks and unsafe technological competition.

The article examines the concept of the adaptability of Roman law as a potential foundation for shaping the legal framework of a future civilization. Historically, Roman law demonstrated a high degree of flexibility in integrating new legal subjects for example, the mass inclusion of freedmen into the civil and economic circulation of Ancient Rome and in systematizing their legal status. The author draws parallels between these historical precedents and contemporary challenges associated with the emergence of new participants in legal relations, namely artificial intelligence (AI) and robots. The philosophical foundations of Roman law are analyzed, including the influence of Stoicism and Cicero’s concept of natural law, and it is shown how these ideas may serve as a basis for regulating relations between humans, AI, and robotic systems. In the futurist section of the article, drawing on R. Kurzweil’s ideas on technological singularity and the philosophical concepts of F. Nietzsche (The Übermensch), the possibility of a symbiosis between humans, artificial intelligence, and robotics is discussed. The article proposes a doctrine of “technological neo-Roman law,” grounded in the principles of humanism, meritocracy, and inclusivity, capable of providing a normative foundation for an era in which AI becomes an equal participant in social, economic, and legal processes. The article is written in the genre of scholarly research with elements of futurist analysis and is accompanied by references to the works of jurists, Stoic philosophers, Roman emperors, and contemporary futurists.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of open and closed kinetic chain exercise interventions and to determine how these structured training programs influence selected physical performance variables, specifically flexibility, among inter-collegiate cricketers. Materials and Methods: A total of inter-collegiate male cricketers aged 18–25 years from AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu were selected for the study. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: An Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Group (OKCEG), a Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Group (CKCEG), and a Control Group (CG). The experimental groups underwent their respective structured kinetic chain training programs for a specified intervention period, while the control group continued with their regular physical activities without any specialized training. Flexibility was selected as the dependent physical performance variable and was assessed using a standardized flexibility test. Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analyzed using appropriate inferential statistical techniques to determine significant differences among the groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The results revealed significant improvements in flexibility in both the open and closed kinetic chain exercise groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The control group did not exhibit any significant change in flexibility. Comparative analysis between the experimental groups indicated differences in the magnitude of improvement, with kinetic chain–based training demonstrating a positive influence on flexibility development. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that structured open and closed kinetic chain exercise interventions are effective in enhancing flexibility among inter-collegiate cricket players. Both training methods proved superior to regular activity alone, highlighting the importance of incorporating kinetic chain exercises into cricket training programs to improve physical performance.

Depression in adolescents has become a major social issue and, in most cases, leads to permanent functional impairment in adulthood. Since then, the discipline has successfully overcome the naive nature versus nurture controversy and embraced dynamic models of integration. This review contributes to a developmental-transactional model, which assumes that depressive outcomes are a result of the interaction of diffuse genetic vulnerabilities and powerful interpersonal stressors. In this case, genetic predisposition creates a risk gradient of probability, which often is manifested as increased sensitivity to the environment, especially the relationship landscapes of family and peers. Genetic factors can affect reactivity to adversity and determine the stressors people face in a systematic manner through gene-environment correlation and interaction mechanisms. A dual-pronged intervention approach is thus needed: to decrease the modifiable social risks and at the same time increase the environmental buffers to reduce the inherent biological vulnerability.