Digital banking platforms generate large volumes of operational information through transaction processing systems, system logs, and customer communication channels. Many studies examine transaction monitoring, fraud detection, and cybersecurity events. Customer interaction records receive less attention as a source of operational risk information. This study investigates the use of customer interaction data as indicators of operational conditions in digital banking platforms. The research examines interaction records collected from support tickets, complaint submissions, chat conversations, and service request logs. These records are analyzed together with Management Information System (MIS) event logs in order to identify recurring service issues and operational patterns. The proposed analytical framework organizes interaction data through several stages that include data collection, preprocessing, interaction pattern detection, and operational risk indicator generation. Repeated reports related to transaction delays, authentication failures, and application performance problems appear within the interaction dataset. These patterns correspond to operational events recorded in system activity logs. The study also introduces a quantitative operational risk score calculated from the frequency and severity of interaction categories. The results indicate that customer interaction datasets contain measurable signals related to operational disruptions within digital banking platforms. The analytical framework demonstrates that interaction records provide an additional information source for operational monitoring and risk analysis in digital financial services.

Functional nutrition plays a pivotal role in aquaculture by promoting fish growth, enhancing immune responses, and mitigating the impact of environmental and pathogenic stressors. With the intensification of fish farming and growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, the use of functional feeds including nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, antioxidants, and immunostimulants has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. This review critically examines the nutritional requirements of fish, explores the bio efficacy of various feed additives, and evaluates their roles in gut health modulation, disease resistance, and stress mitigation. We also discuss proactive health management strategies and the integration of vaccination and feed-based interventions. The review highlights current advancements, identifies research gaps, and emphasizes the need for precision in formulating functional feeds tailored to species-specific requirements. This integrated nutritional approach supports healthier fish stocks, improves aquaculture productivity, and reduces the industry's ecological footprint.

The coming and evolution of technology have seen its adoption in many domains, including the financial sector, following the introduction of online or digital financial transactions. This method of money transfer has been adopted by many financial institutions, with the microfinance sector being very active in it. The increased use of this mode of money transfer has led to numerous consumer rights violations, an increase in money laundering, and other unacceptable activities by individuals with malicious intent. The boiling point here is the laxity of the legislator in solving these difficulties encountered in online transactions within the microfinance sector in Cameroon. This scientific article is aimed at assessing the regulatory oversight of online transactions in MFIs in Cameroon, with a focus on the impact of regulatory laxity. It aims to assess the effectiveness with which the regulator of online financial transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon ensures the smooth operation of such transactions within the sector, taking into consideration their significance for consumer protection, financial stability, and, above all, financial inclusion. Through an examination of the current regulatory framework, analysis of risks, challenges, and explorations of policy recommendations, this work provides significant insight for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders in addressing regulatory loopholes and ensuring an effective system for online transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon.

This study investigated gender- and age-based differences in the quality of life (QoL) of residential school adolescents using the WHOQOL-BREF framework. A total of 216 students from residential schools in West Bengal, India, participated in the study (Male 14–15 years: n = 68; Male 16–17 years: n = 46; Female 14–15 years: n = 51; Female 16–17 years: n = 51). Participants were assessed across four Quality of Life (QoL) domains: physical health, psychological health, social health, and environment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the combined effects of gender and age, followed by univariate analyses to identify domain-specific differences. The results revealed a significant gender difference only in the physical health domain, with males reporting higher physical health than females. No gender differences were found in psychological, social, or environmental domains. However, significant age differences emerged in these three domains, with younger adolescents reporting better overall QoL than older students. The findings highlight developmental and contextual influences on adolescents’ lived experiences and underscore the need for residential schools to implement age-sensitive psychosocial support mechanisms to promote holistic well-being. These findings have implications for educational planning and student support systems in residential school settings.

The ethical environment within organizations significantly shapes employee behavior, workplace relationships, and overall psychological well-being. Organizational ethical climate refers to the shared perceptions among employees regarding appropriate ethical behavior and the procedures for addressing ethical issues in the workplace (Victor & Cullen, 1988). A positive ethical climate establishes norms that encourage respect, fairness, and accountability, while discouraging misconduct such as harassment and abuse of power. In contrast, weak or ambiguous ethical climates often enable unethical behaviors, including workplace harassment, which can have serious implications for employee psychological health and organizational effectiveness. Workplace harassment encompassing verbal, psychological, and social forms of mistreatment remains a critical organizational concern globally. Research indicates that employees exposed to harassment frequently experience elevated stress levels, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and reduced job satisfaction. These psychological consequences not only affect individual well-being but also undermine productivity, commitment, and organizational performance. This study investigates the relationship between organizational ethical climate and workplace harassment and examines how these factors collectively influence employee psychological health. Drawing on ethical climate theory and occupational stress frameworks, the research explores how organizational norms, leadership behavior, and institutional policies shape employees’ experiences of harassment and their psychological responses. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 350 employees across multiple sectors with qualitative interviews to capture nuanced insights into workplace experiences. The quantitative component measured perceptions of ethical climate, exposure to workplace harassment, and indicators of psychological health using validated scales derived from established research. Qualitative interviews further explored employees’ perceptions of organizational ethics, reporting mechanisms, and leadership accountability. Findings reveal that organizations characterized by strong ethical climates particularly those emphasizing caring, fairness, and adherence to ethical rules tend to report significantly lower levels of workplace harassment. Statistical analysis demonstrates a strong negative correlation between ethical climate and harassment, suggesting that supportive and principled organizational environments act as protective mechanisms against abusive workplace behaviors. Furthermore, workplace harassment is found to have a significant negative impact on employees’ psychological health, contributing to heightened stress, emotional exhaustion, and reduced well-being. Importantly, the study also identifies ethical climate as a moderating factor that can buffer the adverse psychological effects of harassment, indicating that employees working in ethically supportive environments are better able to cope with workplace stressors. The findings highlight the critical role of ethical leadership, transparent reporting systems, and organizational accountability in promoting a safe and psychologically healthy workplace. By strengthening ethical climates, organizations can reduce the prevalence of harassment and enhance employee psychological well-being. This study contributes to the growing body of literature linking ethical organizational environments with employee mental health outcomes and underscores the importance of integrating ethical governance with workplace health policies. Ultimately, fostering a strong ethical climate is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic organizational practice that supports sustainable employee well-being and productivity.

This article examines the pervasive yet under-documented issue of sexual assault and harassment of female lawyers by their colleagues within the Nigerian legal profession. Despite the profession's role as a custodian of justice, it is rife with significant gender-based discrimination, abuse, and impunity. This study synthesises data from recent empirical reports, analyses the existing legal and regulatory frameworks, and evaluates the cultural and structural factors that perpetuate this problem. Through an examination of landmark cases, such as Ejieke Maduka v Microsoft Nigeria, and the policies of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), this research highlights the profound disconnect between legal ideals and the lived realities of many female practitioners. It finds that a combination of patriarchal societal norms, hierarchical professional structures, economic vulnerability, and inadequate reporting mechanisms creates an environment in which sexual misconduct thrives, and victims are silenced. The research concludes with comprehensive recommendations for legislative, institutional, and cultural reforms to foster a safe, equitable, and just legal profession for all practitioners in Nigeria.

Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBGS) have emerged as an effective technique for suppressing undesired harmonic components in microwave and RF systems. Harmonic distortion degrades signal integrity, reduces power efficiency, and increases electromagnetic interference in communication and power electronic circuits. This research presents the design and simulation of an EBGS based microstrip bandpass filter aimed at achieving compact size, sharp selectivity, and effective harmonic suppression. The proposed structure integrates periodic defected ground plane patterns beneath a microstrip transmission line to create frequency selective stopbands while preserving passband characteristics. MATLAB based modeling and full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze S parameters, insertion loss, return loss, and harmonic rejection performance. The results demonstrate that the EBGS based bandpass filter significantly attenuates second and third harmonics while maintaining low insertion loss within the desired passband. The proposed design provides improved selectivity and compactness compared to conventional microstrip bandpass filters. The study contributes to the advancement of high-performance filtering solutions for wireless communication systems, radar applications, and RF front end modules.

Enterprise reporting platforms support organizational analysis through automated reports and analytical dashboards that process operational and financial data. Despite their widespread use in business intelligence environments, limited research examines the internal operational behavior of these platforms. Most studies address predictive analytics, enterprise data management, or system monitoring rather than analytical diagnosis of reporting activities. This study proposes a diagnostic analytics framework for evaluating performance within enterprise reporting systems. The framework examines report generation logs, query execution records, and system interaction data to interpret reporting behavior and identify abnormal execution patterns. The methodological process includes log data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and statistical anomaly detection using report execution time metrics. Several diagnostic indicators support the analysis, including query processing duration, concurrent user activity, data processing volume, and execution failure frequency. Analytical results show that most reports operate within normal execution ranges, while a smaller group demonstrates unusually long execution durations. These events correspond with high database workload and complex query operations. The results indicate that operational log data provide meaningful insight into reporting platform performance. The proposed framework offers a structured analytical approach for identifying reporting delays and evaluating system efficiency within enterprise reporting environments.

Power electronic converters have been at the center of industrial systems and various energy systems such as renewable energy systems, industrial motor drives, and grid-connected power systems. The systems face harsh conditions, making reliability an essential factor for the design. The traditional procedure for the design of converters considers the reliability of the system after the parameters have been selected for the design, making it difficult to consider the parameters of the system during the design stage. This paper proposes a reliability-oriented design optimization framework for power electronic systems operating in industrial and utility-scale applications. The proposed methodology integrates electro-thermal modeling, physics-of-failure lifetime estimation, and mission-profile-based stress evaluation within a unified multi-objective optimization framework. Junction temperature profiles and thermal cycling patterns are obtained through electro-thermal simulation under realistic operating conditions. Device lifetime is then estimated using fatigue-based models, and the resulting reliability metrics are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization algorithm that considers lifetime, efficiency, and system cost. A case study involving a 500-kW grid-connected converter demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the optimized design reduces thermal stress and increases predicted semiconductor lifetime from 6.8 years to 13.6 years while maintaining high efficiency with a moderate increase in system cost. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach for reliability-oriented design of industrial power electronic systems.

The vitality of a nation is deeply intertwined with the vigor of its youth, making youth affairs a strategic priority. Since China entered a new era, its youth have engaged with the world with unprecedented breadth and depth. They actively participate in international affairs, demonstrating a level of rationality, tolerance, confidence, and self-reliance seldom seen before. This article adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating pragmatics with news discourse. Employing a literature review and a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis, it examines how language is employed in China Daily to construct and project the image of Chinese youth. The study finds that the newspaper’s discourse strategically adheres to collaborative and appropriateness principles to foster a positive and influential youth image. In the process of adhering to pragmatic principles, news reports have successfully shaped multiple positive images of contemporary Chinese youth: they are not only deeply engaged in social affairs and shoulder the responsibility of promoting national development, but also play the role of cooperators in international exchanges.

This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and anatomical variations of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) in the North-East Bihar population to support safer surgical interventions at the craniovertebral junction. A descriptive cross-sectional osteological study was conducted on 70 dried, intact adult atlas vertebrae using a Vernier caliper for precise measurements. Parameters assessed included vertebral canal dimensions, superior and inferior articular facets, and anterior and posterior arch heights. The results demonstrated a mean atlas width of 69.03 mm, with consistent vertebral canal dimensions indicating adequate space for neurovascular structures. Most parameters showed bilateral symmetry, except for the transverse diameter of the superior articular facet, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings revealed low variability and a homogeneous pattern, suggesting structural stability with minor functional adaptations. These morphometric insights are clinically relevant for surgical planning and instrumentation at the craniovertebral junction.

Background: Tashrīḥ-ul-Badan (anatomy) occupies a foundational position in the Unani system of medicine. Although the anatomical framework of this system is rooted in classical Greek traditions, it has undergone significant expansion, empirical critique, and refinement within the Greco-Arabic medical paradigm during the Islamic Golden Age. Objective: This study systematically examined the historical evolution of anatomical knowledge within the Unani system of medicine by analyzing how classical texts prescribed the operationalization of this knowledge in diagnostic reasoning, therapeutic interventions, and surgical procedures. Methods: This study employed a structured qualitative historical review methodology underpinned by systematic textual analysis of classical Greco-Arabic medical literature. The systematic nature involved defined criteria for primary source selection, a multi-stage content analysis framework including open coding and thematic synthesis, and a comparative evaluation strategy to ensure robust interpretation. Findings: The analysis revealed three interrelated themes concerning Tashrīḥ-ul-Badan: foundational Greek influence, critical refinement by Arabic physicians, and continuous integration into diagnostic and surgical practice. Evidence from the literature demonstrates how historical scholars have envisioned anatomical knowledge that actively guided clinical reasoning and operative procedures. Conclusion: Canonical texts meticulously prescribed Tashrīḥ-ul-Badan as an operational clinical science rather than a static theoretical discipline. This advanced anatomical framework was designed to directly inform diagnostics, therapeutic strategies, and surgical interventions, highlighting the profound clinical sophistication championed by Greco-Arabic medical scholarship. This demonstrates a commitment to anatomically informed practice that resonates with the spirit of rigorous clinical anatomy in modern medicine, despite differing methodologies and technological capabilities.

The rapid penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power into modern power grids introduces significant operational challenges, including intermittency, voltage instability, harmonic distortion, and fault vulnerability. Conventional control strategies are often insufficient for handling dynamic grid disturbances and nonlinear system behavior. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced control framework for grid-connected renewable energy systems to enable adaptive control, predictive fault detection, and resilient operation. The proposed architecture integrates machine learning-based fault classification, adaptive inverter control, and real-time grid condition monitoring. A hybrid dataset composed of simulated grid disturbances and real operational parameters is used to train and validate the AI model. Results demonstrate improved fault detection accuracy, reduced system recovery time, enhanced voltage stability, and improved power quality under dynamic grid conditions. The proposed AI-driven framework enhances grid reliability, supports high renewable penetration, and contributes to resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

This study analyzes the philosophical values embedded in Ho Chi Minh’s thought on building the Vietnamese people’s armed forces. From a philosophical perspective, Ho Chi Minh’s ideas transcend the scope of political or military doctrines; they represent a profound dialectical reflection on the relationships between human beings and community, politics and ethics, national independence and humanistic ideals. Grounded in Marxist–Leninist philosophy, Ho Chi Minh creatively developed a distinctive ideological model in which the strength of the armed forces originates from the people and ultimately serves the people. The core philosophical value in Ho Chi Minh’s thought is reflected through his humanistic worldview, moral rationality, and the unity between theory and practice affirming the ontological role of the people as the foundation of national strength. In today’s context, this research seeks to elucidate the enduring significance and contemporary relevance of Ho Chi Minh’s philosophical thought in developing a “revolutionary, regular, elite, and gradually modernized” armed force aimed at safeguarding the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Dental luting cements are essential materials used for the retention of indirect restorations and prevention of microleakage. Over the years, these materials have evolved from conventional non-adhesive cements to advanced adhesive resin-based systems. This review discusses the classification, properties, composition, and clinical applications of various luting cements along with their advantages and limitations, emphasizing evidence-based selection for optimal clinical outcomes [1].