Introduction: Managerial style is a function-based personality that reflects the way of administration and behavior. Further, managerial style attaches numerous activities and procedures within the organization, which are based on a set of rules that managers utilized the workforce abilities, which reveals the managing framework rather than the management procedures. However, the managerial style could influence the staff and their presence at work. This study was conducted to explore whether the managerial style influences the nurse’s absenteeism among Saudi nurses working in northern region hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. We enrolled 420 nurses from these 10 hospitals and assessed the influence of different managerial styles on their absenteeism. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the frequencies and proportions. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The study findings revealed nurse's dissatisfaction and a strong feeling of administration shortcomings. Significant differences were found among all the types of organized groups in managerial styles (line of authority, work climate, leadership, communication, employment, decision making, and innovation) with a p-value of <0.05. However, the study results showed that the managerial style supervision did not influence the nurse's absenteeism. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the management does not describe the job duties and responsibilities explicitly do not involve the employee in making decisions. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that an organizational structure needs to be created where lines of authority are defined clearly, employees are involved in the decision-making process, and employees are authorized to make choices about their job duties in a way that is best suitable to them.

Panoramic radiographs are the first and most efficient method, used to examine and evaluate the heights of residual alveolar ridges of edentulous patients. After tooth extraction, wound healing of the extraction socket is associated with modeling processes leading to dimensional alterations of the residual ridge. Besides, alterations in the size and shape of the jawbones have been observed to occur throughout adult life and it continues further. Most of the bone loss occurs in the early stage of the atrophic process. The rate and the amount of bone loss may be influenced by various factors such as gender, hormones, metabolism, and parafunction. This study aimed to determine and compare differences in the vertical measurements of jawbones in both edentulous and dentate subjects. The study sample included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 53 randomly selected edentulous and dentate patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. -The radiographic selection criteria included the absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structure, neither surgical nor fracture history. -The sample was divided into 3 groups: Groupe1: 29 edentulous patients Groupe2: 14 edentulous upper maxilla patients Groupe 3: 10 mandibular edentulous patients The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites. Results: The differences between elderly men and women in percentages of reductions in heights of the maxilla were not significant. The reduction of the anterior ridge height was greater in the maxilla than in the mandible for both sexes. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between age and bone height in both genders. Conclusion: The outcomes in the present study would contribute to better understanding of RRR in dentate and edentulous subjects.

This study aims to describe instructional leadership, interpersonal communication, discipline and teacher performance and analyze the relationship (1) transformational leadership with teacher performance; (2) interpersonal communication with teacher performance; (3) transformational leadership with teacher discipline; (4) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline; (5) discipline with teacher performance; (6) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline; (7) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline. Using this type of quantitative research with a research sample of 117 school principals and kindergarten teachers in the Landasan Ulin Subdistrict who were selected randomly. The results showed: (1) transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, work discipline is in the high classification and teacher performance is in the medium classification; there is a relationship: (2) transformational leadership with teacher performance of 0.106; (3) interpersonal communication with teacher performance is 0.181; (4) transformational leadership with teacher discipline of 0.262; (5) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline is 0.233; (6) discipline with teacher performance of 0.536; (7) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline of 0.143; (8) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline is 0.131.

Ethnomedicine is currently practiced in Egypt, where has been documented by ethnobotanical surveys. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate phytochemistry and antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of P. juliflora cultivated in Matruh region with a view to considering their contribution to human health. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening of pods and leaves was carried out. Five pathogenic bacteria were selected as recipients including four Gram-negative and one Gram-positive bacteria. Chocolate and blood agar solid media were applied for agar diffusion method. Extracellular proteins before and after treatment were measured and total protein assay was performed. Cytological effect of the ethanolic extracts was investigated via TEM. Phytochemical screening provides the occurrence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, tannins and terpenes in pods and leaves ethanolic and aqueous extract. In agar diffusion experiment, data showed that pod ethanolic extract (5%) was more active than the other three types of extracts. The extract elicited a decrease in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture medium in comparison to the control. Both pods and leaves ethanolic extracts showed a decrease in the extracellular protein content of the tested S. aureus compared with control. TEM showed that pod ethanolic extract affected the growth of S. aureus cells. It caused severe damage in the cytoplasmic membrane and also the cell wall. The present study concluded that the pods and leaves extracts of P. juliflora possesses antibacterial potential against target bacterial type cultures.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a disorder leading to repetitive collapse of pharyngeal airway while sleeping. This causes desaturation of oxygen, low oxygen levels in blood and disturbed sleep. The symptoms include snoring, apnoeas, choking sensation, and sleepiness. The pathogenesis of sleep apnoea could be anatomical issue with upper airway, central respiratory control system issues, muscular factors with improper neuromuscular control of the dilator muscles of upper airway. Continuous positive airway pressure, bi-level positive airway pressure, auto-titration airway pressure can be used for management of sleep apnoea. Other treatments include dental devices, surgery, and weight loss.

Fibrous epulis or peripheral fibroma and ossifying fibrous epulis or Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) belong to reactive fibrous overgrowth gingiva results from a long-standing chronic local irritation. They resemble clinically similar but with different histological and radiological presentations. In this paper, two case reports of reactive fibrous overgrowths are discussed along with their management. The first case is a 27-year-old female patient who had a growth in the labial aspect of the gingiva of the upper incisors. The second case was a 37-year-old male patient who had a growth in the gingiva's buccal aspect about the right canine and first premolar.

Background: Genital Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of infertility in Bangladesh which is a high tuberculosis burden country. As the patients are mostly asymptomatic and diagnostic tests have low sensitivity and specificity, diagnosis of genital tuberculosis is very much challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients of genital tuberculosis diagnosed at laparoscopy. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 12 patients who underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Cases were analyzed according to history, relevant pre surgery investigation findings, laparoscopic and hysteroscopic findings, histopathology, MTB PCR and Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) tests reports. Results: Mean age 25 years, range (22 -33), ten (83.3%) with primary subfertility and two (16.6%) with secondary subfertility. Two had secondary amenorrhea, two women presented with scanty menstrual flow and seven women with regular cycle with average flow and duration. Two (16.6%) had previously completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, 4(33.3%) had history of exposure to tuberculosis patient. Hysterosalpingography showed eleven (91.6%) cases with bilateral tubal block, one (8.3%) with only left tubal block. At laparoscopy all women had tubal involvement, ovarian involvement in 6(50%), frozen pelvis or dense pelvic adhesion in one. At hysteroscopy 11 (91.6%) cases had intrauterine adhesion. Histopathology of endometrial tissue revealed tubercular granuloma in two (16.6%) cases; MTB PCR was detected in 6(50%) cases and acid-fast bacillus was negative in all cases. Conclusions: Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic findings are more suggestive than history, microscopic, histopathological and molecular examination of endometrial tissue in diagnosing genital tuberculosis in infertile women.

In Nigeria today, the justice system is characterised by the bench trial only. Several other jurisdictions practice the jury trial or trial by jury; which seems to be a better system of justice especially in criminal trials. The jury system was once practiced in Lagos but was abolished after a couple of months by the military government. Trial by jury system has often been condemned by many as trial by a body of laymen who could easily be compromised. Corruption in the judiciary is something Nigeria is still battling with and it is perceived by many that introducing the jury system would only up the level of corruption in justice and it would finally be a case of the highest bidder getting "justice". However true this notion may be, several other countries practice the jury system without issues of corruption. What are these countries doing? What systems have they adopted to have a near perfect jury system? These and other questions are what Nigeria should be deliberating on in considering the possibility of adopting a jury system. A study of a few select jurisdictions is discussed in the paper and it is hoped that the recommendations at the end of this paper would be useful in having Nigeria adopt and practice a jury system without hitch.

The development and growth of any emerging economy rests on the shoulders of the youth of that nation. The countries in various parts of the world are experiencing alarming rate of drop-outs of students from the education system. It is of paramount importance that the reasons are identified and addressed. This is of greater importance to the various economies in the Middle East and GCC who aim to diversify by creating a knowledge economy. This paper attempts to identify the macro and the micro perspectives behind student drop-outs from the tertiary education and endeavors to suggest some intervention strategies to address this phenomenon. The methodology involved collection and analysis of the secondary data available followed by a qualitative research at a private educational institution in Oman. The findings were analyzed using Gilbert’s Behavioral Engineering Model. The results indicate that personal, academic and financial reasons contribute to the majority of student dropouts. These can be effectively detected, measured and addressed by putting in place proper institution-wide systems and partnerships and by offering contextually relevant academic and student support services.

The environment can cause havoc if the exploitation of natural resources that is only economically oriented has a positive effect on the economy, but has a negative effect on the survival of human life. The occurrence of floods is basically a result of deforestation, so the forest no longer functions fully as a rainwater absorber. Many forest lands are landslides and the landslides because river flows to become shallow. The flow of river water is not smooth due to the river being used as a garbage dump, and the construction of several industrial areas in urban areas. The importance of the involvement of the Community Protection Units (Satlinmas) in disaster management can be illustrated in the land fire disaster. This study aims to develop a community empowerment strategy as an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit (SATLINMAS) in tackling disasters in Balangan Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. This research is located in Balangan Regency with the object of research are related agencies, village government and members of the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) spread across Balangan Regency. Data were collected through interview, observation and document techniques. The main resource persons are the head of the agency in charge of fostering the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) and members of the Satlimas themselves. This study uses a SWOT analysis technique. Community empowerment strategies in an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit in disaster management in Balangan Regency can be done by building synergy between stakeholders, budget support and legality of regulations made to create harmonization in the empowerment of Satlinmas according to their respective duties and functions.

Banjarmasin city government utilized the advances in internet technology through Instagram social media in order to establish external relationships with the society, the efforts of Banjarmasin city government to make Instagram social media official account in the protocol and communication of Banjarmasin city government as a medium for the information disclosure. In terms of managing feedbacks from the society to the Instagram social media uploads, City Government is considered less professional therefore causing a not so good impression for the society. Moreover, the uploads on the Banjarmasin City Government social media seems less neat and orderly for a class of official city government agency accounts. The research used is descriptive research with qualitative approach. The results showed that the Cyber Public Relations management in the public information disclosure in the Instagram social media account in the protocol and communication division of Banjarmasin City Government has been considered effective with the public assessment of the government official Instagram the dominant gives a good rating, structurally the Banjarmasin City Government Instagram already has sub division that is accounted to maintain the information. In the management of the Banjarmasin City Government Instagram social media account, in terms of appearance design is considered less attractive and the features in the Instagram also have not been fully utilized to give more actual information so the society can access Instagram to get information only depend on the main post. Recommend to the the Banjarmasin City Government Instagram has competent human resource in terms of the visual design and visual audio in order to produce the information publication which is interesting to see.

Effective education and training will produce qualified personnel so that they are able to implement, change, and grow in the institution/organization in the workplace. problems faced by the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency, namely the Problem of Human Resources at the Civil Service Police Unit and Costs. There are still members who have not followed the technical and education guidance and education. This study aims to develop a strategy to increase the capacity of members of the Balangan Satpol PP through improving the quality of its human resources. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The source of the data obtained for this research is internal data obtained from the Head of Satpol PP, all Heads of Division and representatives of members of the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency. This research is located in Balangan Regency with the object of research is the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using the SWOT technique. The results of the analysis show that unit members do not understand their duties and functions. This is evidenced by the absence of a work plan or program of activities prepared by the member team. Technical guidance and basic education are only given to members with ASN status. The existing budget does not accommodate all members; basically the process of technical guidance and basic education is very important. Based on the analysis of internal and external factors, the selection of strategies and the SWOT matrix, it is found that there are opportunities that can work well by utilizing existing strengths. The strategy obtained is that with a large number of members who are still in their productive age, this can be done with the development of technology and information; and good communication between members can be improved by communicating to the Regency Government so that they can get support (can be in the form of a budget) that can be realized.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of online learning models on interest in learning economics in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic among students of the Postgraduate Islamic Economics Study Program at the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Tulungagung, Indonesia. The quantitative approach was chosen based on the questionnaire data collection method and research data in the form of quantified qualitative data. Indicators to explain the learning model are easy to communicate, work digitally, independent, effective and efficient. While the indicators of interest in learning economics are feelings of pleasure in learning economics, concentration of attention and thoughts on learning economics, willingness to learn economics, willingness to be active in learning economics and efforts to realize the desire to study economics.

Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) learning for teachers is very important. The implementation of HOTS-based learning is believed to be able to improve the quality and competence of graduates in facing the era of free competition in the industrial revolution 4.0, along with the development of science and technology that continues to develop and affects change and we must adapt to changes in mental attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Development of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) learning, including: this higher thinking activity is not only applied in learning but needs to be evaluated with the same approach in order to be able to measure the level of student learning success in a valid way. The challenge in developing HOTS learning is the creativity and tenacity of teachers in planning, implementing and evaluating the development of competencies in packaging learning, namely attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The development of HOTS-based learning prioritizes students' critical thinking skills in solving learning problems. This skill will create a good mental attitude of students in solving the problems they face.

The Silver Catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the hydrosystem Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného contributes to the socio-economic well-being and food security of local populations. However, this ecosystem is known to be threatened by trace elements contamination. This study aims to assess the human health risk associated with exposure to trace elements via the consumption of Silver Catfish. The study method followed four main steps as described by USEPA after measuring trace element concentrations in C. nigrodigitatus tissues. The results showed that some values greater than 1 were obtained in the dry season, for As in adults (THQ = 1.17) and children (THQ = 1.80) and for Cr in children (THQ = 1.11) and in the rainy season for As in children (THQ = 1.36). Regarding the consumption of whole fish organs analyzed, the THQ recorded in the dry season for Cd, Pb, Cr and As in adults and children and for Hg in children are all greater than 1. In addition, in the rainy season, the THQ obtained for Cd and As in adults and Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in children, are also greater than 1. The total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) are all greater than 1 for muscles and for all the combined fish organs studied. The CR values of Cr and As obtained in the muscles and the combined fish organs are all unacceptable (CR > 10-4) in both adults and children during both seasons. Children are more exposed than adults and the consumption of all the organs studied is found to be more dangerous than muscles alone. Therefore, the consumption of vital fish organs such as gills, kidneys and liver should be avoided since they are the favorite sites for most pollutant concentration.