The basic structure of melatonin is evolutionarily conserved. Hence, it was speculated that melatonin may be present in different animals (from unicellular to multi-cellular) and even in plants. Melatonin in plans is generally regarded as phyto-melatonin. Like the role of melatonin in animals, phyto-melatonin can perform a number of functions like attenuation of apoptosis, prevention of free radical generation, protection against UV irradiation etc. But, unlike phyto-estrogen, the role of phyto-melatonin in animals is totally an unexplored area. Hence, aim of the present study was to note the role of phyto-melatonin in maintenance of general health and immunity of goats. To fulfil the aim, we supplemented the goats with phyto-melatonin rich diet i.e. corn (Zea mays) which is having 1.4 ng/gm of dry weight of tissue and they are also edible to goats. We noted significantly high level of body weight, haematological (AST, ALT level, total RBC count and %Hb), immunological (TLC, %LC, %SR of PBMCs), metabolic (plasma glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein levels and HDL: LDL ration), free radical (SOD, catalase, GPx levels), hormonal (estrogen, melatonin), cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) levels and significantly low level of MDA. However, plasma testosterone was unaffected upon phyto-melatonin treatment. Thus, for the first time role of phyto-melatonin as a protective molecule with improving effect on the health and immunity of Indian goat Capra hircusis being proposed, as the effect of phyto-melatonin supplementation can be brought back to normal and this dietary supplement might be utilizing the similar pathway as commercial melatonin. There are so many less expensive and readily available sources of phyto-melatonin that requires the proper knowledge of exploitation of these sources for extreme benefit for animals as well as for the human beings in near or far future.

This study was aimed to optimize and formulate desvenlafaxine succinate loaded niosomal in-situ nasal gel for the treatment of depression. Desvenlafaxine succinate loaded niosomal in-situ gel was fabricated by Thin Film Hydration method also known as hand shaking method. The present study involves the fabrication, optimization and characterization of the niosomal in-situ gel. The formulations were fabricated to enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic drug, so the drug can cross the barriers present in the brain without any complications. The barriers present in the brain i.e. cerebro spinal fluid barrier, and blood brain barrier causes hindrance to molecules to permeate the brain but permit the lipophilic molecule to pass. The niosomes were optimized by 32 and each formulation was divided by 22 for the preparation of hydrogel 1%w/v and 1.5% w/v chitosan (for example- in formulation F1 22 is applied then it will further divided into two parts that is F1G1 and F2G2, 1%w/v and 1.5%w/v chitosan respectively). The particle size of the optimized formulation F1G2 was found 342.9nm through particle size analyzer. The TEM images of the optimized formulation showed the formulated niosomes vesicles. Maximum entrapment efficiency was found 83.7% of the optimized formulation. In-vitro release was performed for 8 hours and maximum release was 82.57 %. Zeta potential value of the optimized formulation F1G2 was -22.4Mv, which shows the stability.

Aim: This review aims to assess the effect of quality improvement initiatives on reducing the rate of CLABSI. Method: This study used Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) method to enable researchers to systematically and organize a search for studies. Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative approach structure consists of five stages (problem recognition, literature search, data assessment, data interpretation, and presentation). The empirical literature on quality improvement projects and initiatives on reducing the rate of CLABSI was reviewed and analyzed based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework to draw an overall conclusion about what is effective over the quality improvement projects in the infection rate. Finding: Nine articles fit the study inclusion criteria 7 were Q.I., and two were a mixed method. The nine articles' findings were classified into two themes: (1) Central line bundle care and (2) Education on CLBSAI insertion and maintenance. Conclusion: This review found quality improvement projects decrease the incidence of CLABSI, improve patients’ mortality, and reduce hospitalization days. Therefore, care bundles should be performed as a routine protocol. To be more successful, bundles of care should concentrate on these risks. During the catheter insertion, compliance with barrier precautions is desirable to minimize the probability of infections. Staff education and training positively impact the prevalence rate, utilizing maximal sterile obstacle safety measures that include sterile full-body drapes, sterile gloves, sterile gowns, masks, and caps, all central venous catheters are placed.

Cotton is the most important crop that is used for the production of fibers based products, textiles, agricultural products, medical devices and bioelectronics devices. It makes chemical bonded structure during paper making in which cellulose molecules are cross linked to the each other as forming massive structure. It is biochemically compressed of monoterpenes such as myrcene, pinene, camphene, limonene, and sabinene. Gossypium barbadense is comprised of proteins, fatty acids, and long chains of carbohydrates that makes through cross linked network and form intra molecular bonding. Gossypium hirsutum is a short-staple cotton fiber, which means that it is not as high-quality as other forms of this textile fiber. Its seeds also have applications in food industry as edible oil that can be used in shortening, margarine, salad and cooking oils, and for protective coverings. Gossypium arboretum has much significant economic value as compared to other cotton varieties due to its fibrous characteristics. One of the most important applications is their use in clothing for manufacturing of large varieties of clothes thus significant role in leading industries.

Delivery is the physiological process of giving birth to a baby. Besides other complications, both methods of deliveries impact the postpartum quality of life of mothers. The post-partum period is one of the critical period in which the health status of a woman changes. Objectives: To compare the physical health among post-partum mothers after cesarean and normal vaginal deliveries. Methodology: A causal-comparative study was conducted. Overall, 104 women with normal vaginal delivery (52) and cesarean section (52) were included using the consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected using the quality-of-life questionnaire (SF-36). Results: Overall, five (9.6%), 30 (57.6%), 13 (25%), and four (7.6%) women among the normal vaginal delivery reported very good, good, fair, and poor health. Similarly, two (3.8%), eight (15.3%), 20 (38.4%), and 22 (42.3%) women in the cesarean section group reported very good, good, fair, and poor health. Activities were “limited a little” among women undergoing normal vaginal delivery, and activities were “limited a lot” among women undergoing cesarean section. 80.7% of women in the normal vaginal delivery group and 90% of women in the cesarean section group reported that they cut down the amount of time they spent on work or other activities. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that women who undergo normal vaginal delivery have a better quality of physical health as compared to women undergoing cesarean section.

Background: Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been established recently a new interdisciplinary science and now a days it is one of the most attractive research area in modern material science. Nanotechnology can be defined as the synthesis, characterization, exploration and application of nanosized materials for the development of science. Objective: To Synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Neem leaves extract & characterization of MgO nanoparticles with its antioxidant and photocatalytic effects. Methodology: A Quasi experimental type of study in the Department of Pharmacology and therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi from January 2018 to December 2018. Prior commencement of the study, approval was taken from the institutional Review Board of Rajshahi Medical College. Results: There was no significant difference between Neem extract and Mg (NO3)2. MgO-NPs vs Mg (NO3)2 showed Mean difference = -0.19, 95% CI of difference = 0.3434 to – 0.03662, P value = <0.05. So, there was significant difference between MgO-NPs. and Mg (NO3)2. Conclusion: Synthesis of nanoparticles were confirmed by changes of colour from yellow to yellowish brown, UV-Vis spectroscopy and also by evaluation of its photocatalytic and antioxidant properties. In the photocatalytic study 88% dye degradation of MgO-NPs was found and antioxidant activity of MgO-NPs was also examined using DPPH assay which showed significant (P< 0.0001) antioxidant properties with 80% DPPH scavenging activity at 100mg/ml concentration.

Environmental cleaning is an integral element of nosocomial infection prevention. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of environmental cleaning practices by estimating the microbial contamination of high touch surfaces in an ICU. We used sodium hypochlorite disinfectant and followed one cloth with one dip on a single surface in one direction technique. Sixty-one pre-cleaning and post-cleaning samples each were collected demonstrating a decrease in bioburden from 59% to 8%. Thus, we report a detailed account on the cleaning protocols practiced in a resource limited setting which are efficient and cost effective.

In this study, the researcher discusses the translation strategies of metaphors in the Holy Quran; Surah Al Imran as a sample using the translated version into English by Yusuf Ali. Metaphor is an expression of figurative languages that gives cognition and makes the language looks more aesthetic. This expression is frequently found in the Quran that must be understood carefully because the Quran's meanings are sometimes stated explicitly and sometimes implicitly with a figurative language especially it is the speech of God (Allah). The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze some strategies that are used to translate these metaphors. The data which have been categorized as metaphor was taken from Surah Al Imran. Moreover, this study had been done through several steps, starting from choosing words, phrases, or sentences that were categorized as metaphor, then providing the verse as well as each translation, then followed by analyzing them, and lastly, gathering them as the discussion. The result of this study showed that there are ten metaphor expressions in the above mentioned Surah. There are two metaphor translation strategies applied in English. English translators utilize translating the metaphor by producing the same image in the target language and converting the metaphor to its sense.

Introduction: Annually physical inactivity attributes to 1.6 million deaths. Physical inactivity in college students is higher in developing countries compared to developed countries. There is a decline in physical activity as the age increases, this increases risk of NCDs like cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, stroke. Aim: The present student was done with the objective of finding the level of physical activity among the university students in urban Chidambaram. Study setting and design: This is a cross-sectional study done among students studying in university. Materials and Methods: A total of 454 participants were included in the study, the level of physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive and Analytical statistics were used. Analytical statistics was done using Chi-square test and binominal logistic regression. Results: Out of 454 participants, 108 (23.8 %) were physically active and 346 (76.2 %) were physically inactive. Among physically inactive, 107 (30.9 %) were males and 239 (69.1 %) were females. Females were 3 times physically inactive compared to males [odd’s ratio - 3.011 (95% CI 1.931 - 4.695)]. Binary logistic regression between levels of physical activity and significant factors showed females were 2.9 [95% CI (1.84 – 4.58)] physically inactive compared to males and this difference is statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that majority of college students lack physical activity, males are physically active compared to females. Females are less engaged in Vigorous physical activity compared to males.

This research was conducted at PT. Agung Solusi Trans with the aim to analyze the influence of leadership, work motivation, and compensation on employee job satisfaction. Data collection was obtained through direct questionnaires using a total population of 101 saturated samples, while the data analysis method used Partial Lease Square analysis. The results of data analysis show that: (i) Leadership has a positive and significant impact on employee job satisfaction, (ii) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction and (iii) compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction. The three independent variables, leadership, work motivation, and compensation each have a positive and significant effect; it can be proven by all the results of the hypotheses and declared proven.

Objectives: Dexamethasone is a steroid that has been widely used during third molar surgery to reduce acute complication associated with mandibular third molar surgery. This study compared the effect of preoperative versus postoperative oral dexamethasone on swelling, pain and trismus following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 138 subjects with impacted mandibular third molar referred for surgical extraction at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja were enrolled for the study and randomised into two groups. Group A subjects had 8mg of oral dexamethasone tablets one hour before surgical extraction while group B subjects had 8mg of oral dexamethasone tablets immediately after surgery. Pain, swelling and trismus were evaluated in both groups at days 2, 5 and 7. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (IBM version 23). P-value was set at <0.05. Results: There were 61 males and 76 females with an age range of 21-57 years and an average age of 30.7 years and 29.6 years for groups A and B respectively. The results of the study indicated that there was no statistical difference in the reduction of pain, swelling, and trismus after mandibular third molar surgeries in both groups. Conclusion: Therefore, dexamethasone can be used either pre-operatively or postoperatively in minimising postoperative swelling, pain and trismus following mandibular third molar surgery provided there are no contraindications to its use.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with ovarian tumor. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was done at different tertiary hospitals from 2018 to 2020. Total 100 post-menopausal women with ovarian cysts aged 50-65 years were enrolled for this study. In each case, information about the patient was collected in a prescribed questionnaire after getting written consent from the patients in a preformed consent form. Results: During the study, (50%) of the patients belong to 54-57 years age group. 18% had family history of cancer, followed by 33.3% were nulliparas, 20.4% used barrier contraceptive method. According to histopathology report of the patients 27.9% cases mucinous cyst abdenomia were found followed by 18.7% cases endometrioma, in 17.5% cases serous cyst adenoma, 5.1% cases mucinous adenocarcinomas 5.6% cases papillary adenocarcinoma, 2.5% cases paraovarian cysts and benign cystic lesion and area of hemorrhagic infract were reported. Rt. Ovarian cyst about (10x6.6)cm cases were found 23.2% cases, followed by Rt. Adenexal mass about (12x9)cm found in 21.1% cases,11.6% cases Large complex mass about (13.9X12.8)cm were found, 6.3% cases cystic mass about (13x10)cm in the Lt. abdenexa were found, 5.3% cases Malignant ovarian tumor and complex pelvic mass about (9.3X7)cm were found. 26.6% cases mucinous cyst abdenomia were found followed by 17.7% cases endometrioma, in 16.5% cases serous cyst adenoma, 5.1% cases Mucinous adenocarcinoma and Papillary adenocarcinoma, 2.5% cases Peravarian cyst and Benign cystic lesion and area of hemorrhagic infract were reported. 32.4% cases were benign tumor and 16.2% cases were malignant.

Nanotechnology playing important role for the synthesis of chemical compounds by emphasizes on their applications in different fields due to their physical and chemical properties. ICP-OES is the most advanced technique with modifications in their instrumental working leads to effective analysis of chemicals compounds, nanoparticles characterization, trace elements in water and other geographical applications. Failure to achieve the calibration leads to ineffective characterization through ICP-OES that especially functioned in high recoveries of Au NPs when using such a special macerating enzyme that appeared to release the NPs from plant tissue without changing the size distribution of the NPs. ICP-OES is used for capturing the toxins and heavy metals in environment as the biological pollutants. Its efficiency to remove the nearby metals and other portents deliberately increased due to advances in the fields of the biomedical engineering in conjugation with the environment sciences. ICP-OES is widely used in mining processes, mining purity control, rocks analysis, etc.

The In-Kingdom Total Value Add (IKTVA) Program, launched in December 2015, is an initiative of Saudi Aramco to drive additional domestic value creation in Saudi Arabia. This was launched in order to support the rapidly changing economic environment and promote future prosperity. It is the bedrock of the strategy at Saudi Aramco, A Saudi Arabian Petroleum and Natural Gas Company that is based in Dhahran. According to Al-Ghalayni, Chairman and CEO of BMG Financial Group, “Made in Saudi Arabia” as a slogan carries the vision and will be crucial to the long-term economic growth of the Kingdom. To date, Saudi Aramco has held 5 Annual IKTVA forums and exhibitions. The 2-day 2020 forum attracted more than 70 exhibitors, 14 government bodies, and 8 international energy players in the industry. This alone was a significant boost to the efforts made locally towards localization of the Kingdom’s economy.

Moderate mitral stenosis, associated to left atrium enlargement and atrial fibrillation, can accelerate thrombo embolic formation. If not found quickly, medical treatment may not be enough. We report a case of 64 years-old women with dyspnea and palpitation related to a moderate mitral valve stenosis, atrial fibrillation and enlargement of left atrium containing a large thrombus. Despite a well conduced anticoagulation treatment, she presented an episode of syncope with a thrombus that was more developed than previously. She underwent mitral prothesis, thrombectomy and reduction of left atrium with good outcome.