This study is an examination of the life and work of the Kuwaiti dramatist Saad al-Faraj (1938-). al-Faraj‟s name is virtually unknown in the West – particularly in the English-speaking West, although he is well known in Arab World. Only one academic study of any significance has appeared in Arabic on this eminent and fascinating dramatist, who was honoured by NCCAL and the Arab Theatre Institute at the end of his life. This study do not attempt to be comprehensive but focus on particular stages of al-Faraj‟s career. This study is, therefore, the only one to attempt to see al-Faraj whole. To do so it combines an account of his life which seeks to comprehend the various forces that shaped his thinking with an analysis of one of his main dramatic work. The study concentrates on the years following the trauma inflicted on the Arab world by the catastrophe of the defeat of June 1967. Al-Faraj‟s career can be divided into two phases: the immature plays of his young manhood; his late period – the „Epic theatre‟, when his Nasrism politics were the main factor shaping his drama. The study places al-Faraj in his historical and sociocultural context and provides a brief background explaining the literary and theatrical traditions of the Arab world that influenced his activity as a dramatist. His late work is then examined in turn and his play Custom is Second Nature is analysed in accordance with the focus of the study. This means given to the late period, but no significant work is neglected. The study aims to trace the trajectory of al-Faraj‟s development using a variety of sources: the plays themselves, al-Faraj‟s own journalism and critical writings, interviews with him, and his close friends and colleagues, in addition to a number of journals, books and articles, some of which contain important interviews with al-Faraj that shed light on his thought and ways of working. Conclusions will be drawn but, more importantly, questions will be raised, and it is hoped that scholars will consider this playwright and his work a subject meriting further research.

Introduction: Ovary is one of the commonest organs to be involved in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in females for all age groups. Most of the ovarian tumours have similar clinical, radiological and morphological presentation,thus making diagnostic modality challenging. The histopathological examinations play a major role in both diagnostic as well as in therapeutic interventions. Objective: In the semiurban population attending the tertiary care centre to determine the following characteristics of ovarian lesions a)The agewise distribution b) Histomorphological patterns.c) Frequency of occurence. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective study done at Trichy SRM medical college hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 and includes 640 cases of ovarian lesions. Clinical and Histopathological details were recorded, analysed and compiled. Results: Total gynaecological specimens received in the Department of pathology, during this period of study was 1200.Out of these ovarian specimen were 640.Among 640 cases, 345 cases(54.1%) were Non-neoplastic and 295 cases(46.1) were neoplastic. The age group ranges from 10 to 70 yrs with 4th decade being the commonest age group involved.Among the Non-neoplastic lesions, follicular cysts (42.7%) were the commonest and found frequently being unilateral with left side involvement. Among the neoplastic lesions, serous cystadenoma (80 cases) is the commonest benign neoplasm and serous cystadenocarcinoma (16 cases) is the commonest malignant neoplasm. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation is mandatry to validate the clinical and radiological diagnosis and categorization of ovarian lesions for effective treatment and patient care.

Carcinoid tumors of the ovary may be primary or metastatic. Primary carcinoid tumors are rare and the majority of tumors occur in association with a mature cystic teratoma, but a considerable number occur in a pure form. They may also arise in a solid teratoma or mucinous tumor. Histologically, according to WHO, there are four variants: insular, trabecular, strumal and mucinous. They can be mixed with a combination of pure types; most often insular and trabecular. Immunohistochemistry is necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis. Most tumors are seen in perimenopausal women. Two thirds of primary carcinoid tumors are localized and have a good prognosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice based on total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The present case report describes a carcinoid tumor associated with endocervical-like mucinous borderline tumor with microinvasion of the ovary in a 49 year old woman.

Angiogenesis is a complex, sophisticated process, subjected to many different conditions. A number of basic mechanisms of angiogenesis have been deciphered and several targets for therapeutic intervention have been identified. In recent decades, numerous pro and antiangiogenic molecules, as well as their ligands and intracellular signaling pathways, have been identified for treating numerous diseases. For the past decades angiogenesis has been a field under extensive investigation. Tumours depend on the growth of a vascular network, which is stimulated by a variety of angiogenic mediators, providing them with blood and oxygen. Inhibition of these factors and its pathways, there by reducing the growth of blood vessels was major breakthrough in treatment of cancer. Even though anti-angiogenic therapy has gained a lot of progression in the past decade, combination of conventional methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy along with the antiangiogenic therapy would be more beneficial to the patient. This is a review article to understand the mechanism of action and clinical significance of angiogenesis.

Removal of heavy metals from water presents a lingering challenge. Inorganic pollutants are persistent and non-biodegradable, hence are retained in polluted sites for a very long time. Due to their poisoning nature, it becomes imperative to develop cost-effective methods for their removal. In this study, a local clay mineral was collected and mildly treated for the adsorption of lead from an aqueous solution. The applicability of the pulverized clay from the Akoko region of Ondo state Nigeria, for removal of lead from aqueous solution, was evaluated using the batch sorption process. The role of pH, initial lead concentration, agitation time, and temperature were analyzed to get optimum conditions for maximum removal of lead. Experimental data were best fitted to Freundlich adsorption isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.49 mg/g at correlation coefficient > 0.99. It was found that 80 minutes of contact, basic pH, and ambient temperature were optimum conditions for the removal of lead using pulverized clay. These findings further buttress that readily available geochemical substance can be harnessed for the decontamination of metal pollution in water/wastewater.

Humanity has suffered from infectious diseases throughout history and the psychological burden of prolonged stress and uncertainty. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19), is one such pandemic that produced long-term mental as well as physical sequelae. During 2020, the year of COVID, the stress and anxiety about this life-threatening virus led to a surge of health recommendations and clinical research into mindfulness meditation as a coping strategy. This short communication is an exploratory review of international clinical trials investigating mindfulness-based complementary therapies to reduce COVID induced stress-related or mental health conditions: clinical trial frequency by country as well as frequent populations investigated, specifically, healthcare and non-healthcare samples.

This paper will analyze the election of regional heads in the perspective of fala raha local wisdom values. This type of research is a normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and statute approach. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The collected data were then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the Democracy as one of the prerequisites in the Indonesian political system, which can be implemented in the implementation of direct regional head elections in Indonesia since reform can make an important contribution to the life of the nation and state because based on the applicable national regulatory agreement, the process of recruiting regional leaders is one of them through regional elections. This process does not only apply to other regions in Indonesia but North Maluku, but in practice the national rice regulation with state law has not created the regional elections that we all hope for, namely honest, and fair. In the development of various values contained in customary law, in this case North Maluku as Moloku Kie Raha, which is conceptually rich in various local wisdom values which in philosophy can be used as a source or reference in various life activities, especially in North Maluku One of the concepts that can be offered in this research approach is the concept of Fala Raha (Four Houses), interpreting Fala Raha as a concept in democracy in regional head elections, especially in West Halmehara Regency and Ternate City is not new, but it has been practiced by previous traditional figures because these concepts have philosophical values that are contained in them, not only as symbols. Fala Raha, the cultural philosophy which is the basis for the understanding of the people in Moloku Kie Raha which is applied to the government structures of both the Jailolo Sultanate, the Bacan Sultanate, the Tidore Sultanate and the Ternate Sultanate, is still preserved until now. Fala Raha is not just a structure of division or forming a kolano concept, but reflects a good understanding of both being political as it is written in the mythological stories of North Maluku.

We report the case of parathyroid adenoma incidentally discovered during a total thyroidectomy. The patient showed no clinical or biochemical signs that led us to suspect a hyperparathyroidism condition before the operation. But a macroscopically enlarged parathyroid was discovered during the dissection and it was removed. The patients had a single adenoma confirmed by histological analysis. No permanent hypoparathyroidism or recurrent hyperparathyroidism was observed. We recommend that any enlarged parathyroid discovered during neck surgery should thus be removed to avoid the risks of future surgical procedures due to successive both of clinical hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. Almost 70% of the global burden of cervical cancer falls in areas with lower levels development, and more than one-fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in India. Cancer cervix has been considered preventable because it has a long pre-invasive state and availability of screening programs and treatment of pre- invasive lesion is effective. No form of cancer documents the remarkable effects of screening, early diagnosis and curative therapy on mortality rate in a better way than does cancer cervix. Aim: To compare the diagnostic value of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid with Papsmear for screening of Cervical intraepithelial lesions keeping Histopathology as gold standard. Material and Method: It is a cross sectional and comparative study of 522 women who fulfilled inclusion criteria attending outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at St Philomena’s Hospital for a period of 2 years (December 2016 to November 2018). Both pap smear and VIA are done in these cases. In positive cases, colposcopy guided cervical biopsy done and sent for histopathological studies. All results compiled and analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are calculated and compared for pap smear, visual inspection with acetic acid by taking colposcopy guided cervical biopsy (histopathology) results as gold standard. Result and observations: In the present study , diagnostic values of VIA are comparable with papsmear with sensitivity of 86.6% and 80.6% respectively, specificity of 97.8% and 98.9% respectively, PPV of 85.3% and 91.5 % respectively and NPV of 98% and 97.2% respectively with histopathology as the gold standard. Conclusion: VIA has comparable results to Pap smear regarding its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value and can be used as good alternative to pap smear in mass screening of large population. VIA can be combined with Pap smear to improve the efficacy of screening procedures in detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix.

Thimerosal is a compound centered on ethyl mercury which has been remained a component of vaccines. Vaccines and other medicinal product that hold thimerosal are the potential basis of relevance of havoc mercury. In the current study, the effects of thimerosal were checked on the sex hormones in adult albino rats at low 15mg/kg and high 40 mg/kg dose per day by the use of gavage for a month. Testosterone was noticeably reduced (p < 0.05) in both low and high dose treated rats. Concentration of LH and FSH also decreased (p < 0.05) tremendously in both treated groups. However, a minor decrease was observed in the level of prolactin in low dose group while prolactin was found to be reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in high dose exposure. Daily sperm production and efficiency of sperm production was also checked in this study and both are lowered sharply (p < 0.05) in rats treated with thimerosal. These results demonstrated that thimerosal has strong effects on male sex hormones and their DSP and efficiency of DSP in adult albino rats.

This case report is of a 29 year old female patient who presented with unfavorably impacted maxillary left canine and severely proclined upper and lower dentition. This case was corrected merely by employing simple mechanics with the help of Fixed Orthodontic Mechanotherapy. The patient presented with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and hence needed extraction of all 4 premolars. Since the unfavorably impacted maxillary left canine needed extraction as well, it was decided to not extract the premolar in the 2nd quadrant as the canine extraction in that quadrant would compensate for the space needed for correction of anterior proclination. Hence, 3 premolars and a single canine were extracted in this case. Following fixed orthodontic treatment, marked improvement in patient's smile was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy. The patient was extremely satisfied with the results and there was significant improvement in her smile at the end of the treatment.

Aphasia in children is generally still little explored because it is rare. Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is rare and causes specific difficulties in children with it. Among the neuropsychological difficulties (cognitive and attentional), we find a significant initially receptive aphasia. We report in this work the observation of a 13-year-old child seen in consultation for aphasia at the age of 07 years post epileptic seizure. In this patient the diagnosis of LKS was retained after the etiological assessment and the complementary examinations carried out.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic stroke is rupture of blood vessel in focal region of the brain and spills of blood in surrounding area of brain parenchyma. The low- and middle-income countries experience 80% mortality rate among all hemorrhagic stroke. Although the association of Hemorrhagic Stroke with Hypertension, Smoking and Alcohol consumption are well establish, the association between lipids and hemorrhagic stroke has not been well investigated so far. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of Serum lipids levels with hemorrhagic stroke in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Materials & Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of neurology in Enam medical college hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data was collected between April 2019 and May 2020. Seventy two cases with hemorrhagic stroke were randomly included. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the results. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA) software and MsExcel-2016 version. Result: From 72 study people we found highest 22(30.6%) in the range of 60-69 years. There were 46(63.9%) males and 26(36.1%) females were enrolled in this study. Hypertension was found in 80.6% study people. The univariate analysis was done to see the association of lipids with Hemorrhagic Stroke. It has been obsereved that, the Total cholesterol and Serum Triglyceride level were low among the cases of hemorrhagic stroke. We found strong association in hemorrhagic stroke with Total cholesterol and Serum Triglyceride of serum lipids. Conclusion: 60-69 age ranges people had faced this stroke the most and males are predominant. The low level of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides may intensify the of risk hemorrhagic stroke.

Global Petroleum reserves are currently getting depleted. Most of the newly discovered oil and gas fields are found in unconventional reserves. Hence there has arisen a need to drill deeper wells in offshore locations and in unconventional reservoirs. The depth and difficulty of drilling terrains has led to drilling operations incurring higher cost due to drilling time. Rate of Penetration is dependent on the several parameters such as: rotary speed(N), Weight-On-Bit, bit state, formation strength, formation abrasiveness, bit diameter, mud flowrate, bit tooth wear, bit hydraulics e.t.c. Given this complex non-linear relationship between Rate of Penetration and these variables, it is extremely difficult to develop a complete mathematical model to accurately predict ROP from these parameters. In this study, two types of models were developed; a predictive model built with artificial neural networks for determining the rate of penetration from various drilling parameters and an optimization model based on normalized rate of penetration to provide optimized rate of penetration values. The Normalized Rate of Penetration (NROP) more accurately identifies the formation characteristics by showing what the rate should be if the parameters are held constant. Lithology changes and pressure transition zones are more easily identified using NROP. Efficient use of Normalized Penetration Rate (NROP) reduces drilling expenses by: Reducing the number of logging trips, minimizing trouble time through detection of pressure transition zones, encouraging near balanced drilling to achieve faster penetration rate.

CMV infection is endemic in most countries of the world. It is likely to take severe forms in immunocompromised individuals hemodialysis patients, given that the seroprevalence is high among the general population. Our study is a prospective description of the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among chronic hemodialysis patients in Marrakesh through a serie of 5120 patients treated in the hemodialysis centers of Marrakesh, who’s their serum is analyzed in Virology department of the Military Hospital Avicenne, over a period of 64 months, from September 2015 to January 2021. Serological test for the presence of IgG and IgM anti CMV, was performed by immunoassay technique chemiluminescent microparticle (CMIA), by ARCHITECT (ABBOTT DIAGNOSTIC). The prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-CMV was 98% and 0.6% respectively. The mean age of patients with CMV IgG positive was 53 years. The sex ratio was 1.04. Arterial hypertension was present in 52% of CMV positive patients, followed by diabetes (29%). Among our patients, 19% have been on hemodialysis for less than 2 years, while 42% have been treated for 2 to 5 years. 68% of CMV-positive patients are on hemodialysis 3 times a week versus 32% on 2 times. The prevalence of CMV is 63% in transfused patients with an average recurrence of 2 transfusions. Regarding the type of blood transfused, 99.7% of the patients were transfused with standard blood, against 16 patients transfused with leukoreduced blood. We recommend blood transfusion leukodepleted in the hemodialysis population to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission CMV.