Varicocele is a dilated veins pampiniform plexus secondary to valvular dysfunction; it is also one of the most frequent causes of male-factor infertility. There are several options for the treatment of varicocele, including surgical repair either by open or microsurgical approach, laparoscopy, or through percutaneous embolization of the internal spermatic vein. Our study involved 60 patients treated for primary varicocele in the urology and vascular surgery departments of the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital in Meknes.

Cinnamon is a medical herbs tree and all are a member of the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. Cinnamon (Dalchini) is found in the Himalayan region, Ceylon and Malaya. It is used as an aromatic in a variety of medicine and foods. Due to which the food items are very tasty and full of quality. The cinnamon has different types of some physicochemical properties; foreign matter (28.56 % w/w) and total ash (58.2 % w/w) and water-soluble ash (28.3 % w/w) and water-soluble extractive (28.28 % w/w) and loss on drying (47.8 % w/w) and the help of TLC saw and identify that it has the same bioactive compound which has important medical properties and microbial & pathogen examination, which are useful in medicine and important food industries1. Cinnamon contains a variety of important derivatives with acids and it also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties & it reduces the growth of cancer cells2. In physicochemical studies, we get information related to the structural characteristics of cinnamon as well as their physicochemical properties and can use them for our use likes the field of medicines, the field of human health, and food preservation.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) means any bleeding that is not normal in amount, duration, frequency, and cyclicity. It is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there are no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common associations with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence, this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid-related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern. Methods: A total 145 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of the gynecology department of Enam Medical College & Hospital (EMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with a previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months, etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of the pelvis region. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.23.0. and Microsoft office 2007. Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Out of the 145 patients taken into study 21(14.48%) had thyroid disorders, out of which subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent accounting for 16(11.03%) cases, 5(3.45%) cases were found to have hypothyroidism and 2(1.38%) case of hyperthyroidism was detected. Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding has a strong association with thyroid disorders. The most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus, all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.

The study aims to identify the determinants of profitability in Saudi insurance companies. For this purpose, the data were collected about the study variables (company size, debt ratio, loss ratio, retention ratio, investment income) as independent variables. To measure its impact on the profitability of insurance companies, expressed as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Using Panel Data for 25 insurance companies in Saudi Arabia during (2010-2016), the random-effects model (REM) was used to examine the relationship between the profitability of insurance companies and the independent variables. The study concluded that the profitability of insurance companies is significantly associated with the size of the insurance company, debt ratio, and the rate of actual loss. The results also showed that the volume of written premiums is the most influential variable on the profitability of insurance companies, followed by the indebtedness rate and then the actual loss.

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is one of the most common problems faced by women in reproductive ages. Most of the time it caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites and many times these infections are sexually transmitted. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to observe the responses of improvement symptoms and to reduce the risk of complication. Methods: This randomized study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD in Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital. Two hundred and nineteen patients were selected with the complaints of vaginal discharge with or without urinary symptoms, pruritus vulvae and lower abdominal pain. Couple were given one day combination kit therapy, containing (Fluconazole 150 mg, Azithromycin 1 gm, Secnidazole 2 gm). They were called after two weeks to know about their outcome of treatment or persisting symptoms. Result: In the study population, 55% women had excellent response for vaginal discharge, 46.8% women had excellent response for urinary symptoms and 62.3% women had excellent response for pruritus vulvae. Most common adverse effects of kit therapy were anorexia 44.54%, metallic taste 32.77% and nausea 38.66%. Conclusion: This strategy has had a considerable impact in decreasing the burden of STD in society with high cure rate for vaginal discharge.

Introduction: Managerial style is a function-based personality that reflects the way of administration and behavior. Further, managerial style attaches numerous activities and procedures within the organization, which are based on a set of rules that managers utilized the workforce abilities, which reveals the managing framework rather than the management procedures. However, the managerial style could influence the staff and their presence at work. This study was conducted to explore whether the managerial style influences the nurse’s absenteeism among Saudi nurses working in northern region hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. We enrolled 420 nurses from these 10 hospitals and assessed the influence of different managerial styles on their absenteeism. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the frequencies and proportions. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The study findings revealed nurse's dissatisfaction and a strong feeling of administration shortcomings. Significant differences were found among all the types of organized groups in managerial styles (line of authority, work climate, leadership, communication, employment, decision making, and innovation) with a p-value of <0.05. However, the study results showed that the managerial style supervision did not influence the nurse's absenteeism. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the management does not describe the job duties and responsibilities explicitly do not involve the employee in making decisions. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that an organizational structure needs to be created where lines of authority are defined clearly, employees are involved in the decision-making process, and employees are authorized to make choices about their job duties in a way that is best suitable to them.

Panoramic radiographs are the first and most efficient method, used to examine and evaluate the heights of residual alveolar ridges of edentulous patients. After tooth extraction, wound healing of the extraction socket is associated with modeling processes leading to dimensional alterations of the residual ridge. Besides, alterations in the size and shape of the jawbones have been observed to occur throughout adult life and it continues further. Most of the bone loss occurs in the early stage of the atrophic process. The rate and the amount of bone loss may be influenced by various factors such as gender, hormones, metabolism, and parafunction. This study aimed to determine and compare differences in the vertical measurements of jawbones in both edentulous and dentate subjects. The study sample included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 53 randomly selected edentulous and dentate patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. -The radiographic selection criteria included the absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structure, neither surgical nor fracture history. -The sample was divided into 3 groups: Groupe1: 29 edentulous patients Groupe2: 14 edentulous upper maxilla patients Groupe 3: 10 mandibular edentulous patients The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites. Results: The differences between elderly men and women in percentages of reductions in heights of the maxilla were not significant. The reduction of the anterior ridge height was greater in the maxilla than in the mandible for both sexes. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between age and bone height in both genders. Conclusion: The outcomes in the present study would contribute to better understanding of RRR in dentate and edentulous subjects.

This study aims to describe instructional leadership, interpersonal communication, discipline and teacher performance and analyze the relationship (1) transformational leadership with teacher performance; (2) interpersonal communication with teacher performance; (3) transformational leadership with teacher discipline; (4) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline; (5) discipline with teacher performance; (6) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline; (7) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline. Using this type of quantitative research with a research sample of 117 school principals and kindergarten teachers in the Landasan Ulin Subdistrict who were selected randomly. The results showed: (1) transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, work discipline is in the high classification and teacher performance is in the medium classification; there is a relationship: (2) transformational leadership with teacher performance of 0.106; (3) interpersonal communication with teacher performance is 0.181; (4) transformational leadership with teacher discipline of 0.262; (5) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline is 0.233; (6) discipline with teacher performance of 0.536; (7) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline of 0.143; (8) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline is 0.131.

Ethnomedicine is currently practiced in Egypt, where has been documented by ethnobotanical surveys. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate phytochemistry and antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of P. juliflora cultivated in Matruh region with a view to considering their contribution to human health. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening of pods and leaves was carried out. Five pathogenic bacteria were selected as recipients including four Gram-negative and one Gram-positive bacteria. Chocolate and blood agar solid media were applied for agar diffusion method. Extracellular proteins before and after treatment were measured and total protein assay was performed. Cytological effect of the ethanolic extracts was investigated via TEM. Phytochemical screening provides the occurrence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, tannins and terpenes in pods and leaves ethanolic and aqueous extract. In agar diffusion experiment, data showed that pod ethanolic extract (5%) was more active than the other three types of extracts. The extract elicited a decrease in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture medium in comparison to the control. Both pods and leaves ethanolic extracts showed a decrease in the extracellular protein content of the tested S. aureus compared with control. TEM showed that pod ethanolic extract affected the growth of S. aureus cells. It caused severe damage in the cytoplasmic membrane and also the cell wall. The present study concluded that the pods and leaves extracts of P. juliflora possesses antibacterial potential against target bacterial type cultures.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a disorder leading to repetitive collapse of pharyngeal airway while sleeping. This causes desaturation of oxygen, low oxygen levels in blood and disturbed sleep. The symptoms include snoring, apnoeas, choking sensation, and sleepiness. The pathogenesis of sleep apnoea could be anatomical issue with upper airway, central respiratory control system issues, muscular factors with improper neuromuscular control of the dilator muscles of upper airway. Continuous positive airway pressure, bi-level positive airway pressure, auto-titration airway pressure can be used for management of sleep apnoea. Other treatments include dental devices, surgery, and weight loss.

Fibrous epulis or peripheral fibroma and ossifying fibrous epulis or Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) belong to reactive fibrous overgrowth gingiva results from a long-standing chronic local irritation. They resemble clinically similar but with different histological and radiological presentations. In this paper, two case reports of reactive fibrous overgrowths are discussed along with their management. The first case is a 27-year-old female patient who had a growth in the labial aspect of the gingiva of the upper incisors. The second case was a 37-year-old male patient who had a growth in the gingiva's buccal aspect about the right canine and first premolar.

Background: Genital Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of infertility in Bangladesh which is a high tuberculosis burden country. As the patients are mostly asymptomatic and diagnostic tests have low sensitivity and specificity, diagnosis of genital tuberculosis is very much challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients of genital tuberculosis diagnosed at laparoscopy. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 12 patients who underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Cases were analyzed according to history, relevant pre surgery investigation findings, laparoscopic and hysteroscopic findings, histopathology, MTB PCR and Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) tests reports. Results: Mean age 25 years, range (22 -33), ten (83.3%) with primary subfertility and two (16.6%) with secondary subfertility. Two had secondary amenorrhea, two women presented with scanty menstrual flow and seven women with regular cycle with average flow and duration. Two (16.6%) had previously completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, 4(33.3%) had history of exposure to tuberculosis patient. Hysterosalpingography showed eleven (91.6%) cases with bilateral tubal block, one (8.3%) with only left tubal block. At laparoscopy all women had tubal involvement, ovarian involvement in 6(50%), frozen pelvis or dense pelvic adhesion in one. At hysteroscopy 11 (91.6%) cases had intrauterine adhesion. Histopathology of endometrial tissue revealed tubercular granuloma in two (16.6%) cases; MTB PCR was detected in 6(50%) cases and acid-fast bacillus was negative in all cases. Conclusions: Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic findings are more suggestive than history, microscopic, histopathological and molecular examination of endometrial tissue in diagnosing genital tuberculosis in infertile women.

In Nigeria today, the justice system is characterised by the bench trial only. Several other jurisdictions practice the jury trial or trial by jury; which seems to be a better system of justice especially in criminal trials. The jury system was once practiced in Lagos but was abolished after a couple of months by the military government. Trial by jury system has often been condemned by many as trial by a body of laymen who could easily be compromised. Corruption in the judiciary is something Nigeria is still battling with and it is perceived by many that introducing the jury system would only up the level of corruption in justice and it would finally be a case of the highest bidder getting "justice". However true this notion may be, several other countries practice the jury system without issues of corruption. What are these countries doing? What systems have they adopted to have a near perfect jury system? These and other questions are what Nigeria should be deliberating on in considering the possibility of adopting a jury system. A study of a few select jurisdictions is discussed in the paper and it is hoped that the recommendations at the end of this paper would be useful in having Nigeria adopt and practice a jury system without hitch.

The development and growth of any emerging economy rests on the shoulders of the youth of that nation. The countries in various parts of the world are experiencing alarming rate of drop-outs of students from the education system. It is of paramount importance that the reasons are identified and addressed. This is of greater importance to the various economies in the Middle East and GCC who aim to diversify by creating a knowledge economy. This paper attempts to identify the macro and the micro perspectives behind student drop-outs from the tertiary education and endeavors to suggest some intervention strategies to address this phenomenon. The methodology involved collection and analysis of the secondary data available followed by a qualitative research at a private educational institution in Oman. The findings were analyzed using Gilbert’s Behavioral Engineering Model. The results indicate that personal, academic and financial reasons contribute to the majority of student dropouts. These can be effectively detected, measured and addressed by putting in place proper institution-wide systems and partnerships and by offering contextually relevant academic and student support services.

The environment can cause havoc if the exploitation of natural resources that is only economically oriented has a positive effect on the economy, but has a negative effect on the survival of human life. The occurrence of floods is basically a result of deforestation, so the forest no longer functions fully as a rainwater absorber. Many forest lands are landslides and the landslides because river flows to become shallow. The flow of river water is not smooth due to the river being used as a garbage dump, and the construction of several industrial areas in urban areas. The importance of the involvement of the Community Protection Units (Satlinmas) in disaster management can be illustrated in the land fire disaster. This study aims to develop a community empowerment strategy as an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit (SATLINMAS) in tackling disasters in Balangan Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. This research is located in Balangan Regency with the object of research are related agencies, village government and members of the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) spread across Balangan Regency. Data were collected through interview, observation and document techniques. The main resource persons are the head of the agency in charge of fostering the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) and members of the Satlimas themselves. This study uses a SWOT analysis technique. Community empowerment strategies in an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit in disaster management in Balangan Regency can be done by building synergy between stakeholders, budget support and legality of regulations made to create harmonization in the empowerment of Satlinmas according to their respective duties and functions.