Advances in molecular biology techniques have been made due to biomedical engineering approaches for synthesis of new machineries and biomaterials. There are different molecular techniques that have been used for detection of microbes in order to distinguish their cells on the basis of their characteristics and structural differences of the same group’s organism. These molecular techniques are PCR, electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting, Pulse electrophoresis. Besides these techniques for detection of DNA, PCR demand has become most during pandemic of Covid-19. Real time PCR is the most advanced form of PCR that detection the nucleic acid testing in short time with greater chances of accuracy as compared to the other kit based traditional methods for detection of nuclear segments. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is used for viral detection through nucleic acid testing with high accuracy and has become popular technique during pandemic of Covid-19. Bacteria can be utilized for human benefits especially for industrial applications such Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. As treatment of many diseases, food industry, pharmaceutical industries and medical industry.

This study examined the dynamic impact of sovereign debt and sovereign debt service on economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning 1981 to 2019. The study employed the error correction model, vector error correction model and the granger causality test to explain the impact of the relationships. The results revealed that an increase in external debt will lead to an increase in the growth of the Nigerian economy in the short run and a decrease in the economy in long run. The estimated results also revealed that there is an existence of a high significant and positive relationship between domestic debts and the Nigerian economy both in short and long run, while an increase in sovereign debt servicing will reduce the Nigerian GDP in both short and long run. The study found that there is a unidirectional causality running from external debt, domestic debt and sovereign debt servicing to the Nigerian economy. The study recommended that the government of Nigeria should encourage sustainable domestic borrowing and utilize the funds in productive economic activities and minimize external borrowings since it impacts on the economy in the short run is less significant and in the long run, is negatively significant.

The radish is also cultivated for oil purposes, as the oil is being take out from its seeds. The characteristics and the economic importance of radish vary among the East & West of world. Radish has the anti-diabetic, anti-turmeric and the anti-mutagenic properties. Different metals affected the radish plant by reducing the growth factors. There is need to control the level of toxic metals accumulation in radish. Ni is extensively utilized in the silver plants, alloy, zinc casting, storage batteries and in pigment electroplating. The growing Ni 2+ concentration has been investigated and it inhibits germination of seed and growth of seedlings in many plants. In normal rats R. sativus rises the HDL of serum. Some radish varieties designated for the experimental purpose of molecular investigations. Bioremediation is an inexpensive remediation method as compared to others remediation methods. Next generation sequencing technology provides a new technique both for the transcriptome analyses and genes mapping.

Cotton is the most important crop that growing all around the world due to its immense applications for the synthesis of agricultural based products, textile and branded products. Genome of cotton arises have been sequenced but some varieties are in process of completion of genome under the genome sequencing technology. The first sequence of the D-genome wild relative of cultivated cotton of G. raimondii has been sequenced that laid foundation the sequencing for other varieties. Cotton demand increased all around the world as compared to other fibers and polyester based fibers. Low or high temperature affected the crops rotation cycles. Soil and water has to be our number one limiting factor and our greatest challenge to improve the yield of all crops so that economy of agricultural farming can be improved. When cotton seeds are crushed by cotton then three distinct compounds are produced: oil, meal and hull that can be used in fertilizers to enrich agricultural soil. Diseases in cotton can be controlled under the splicing and modification through molecular techniques.

Along with advantages in LO there existed many other disadvantages for LO. Variation in the morphology of the lingual surfaces especially on the maxillary anterior teeth is commonly seen. Wide range of labial-lingual thickness of the teeth and the smaller inter bracket distance in the anterior region requires numerous in-out bends which are difficult. Tissue irritation, speech difficulties, difficulty in oral hygiene has been also seen in many conditions. The problems traditionally associated with lingual orthodontics cannot be solved with conventional manufacturing processes; instead, complete individualization of all appliance components is needed. Lingual Matrix (LMX) is such a system that involves a fully digital process. As LMX is a new concept, this study was carried out to assess the efficacy of lingual matrix in initial leveling and aligning.

Lippia adoensis var. koseret is a well- known medicinal plant endemic to Ethiopia. It has been traditionally used to treat different infectious diseases and also in food preparation as condiment. The focuse of the present paper was to evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of leave of L. adoensis var. koseret against S. aureus E.coli and P. aeruginosa at two concentration level (5 and 10mg/ml) and Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the extracts showed antibacterial activity. The antibacterial assay was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using the standard phytochemical assays. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves was carried out using the solvent system Hexane: Ethyl acetate (in 7:3 ratios). The results of antibacterial assay revealed that methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts active against E.coli and P. aeruginosa. Among the tested microorganism S. aureus, was resistant to all extracts. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various chemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and tannins. While, carbohydrate and amino acid were absent. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Lippia adoensis var. koseret revealed bands indicating the presence of various compounds that could act as potential antimicrobial agents.

Water is one of the most important natural resources, as it is linked to numerous aspects from production of energy to agriculture, forestation, economic growth and livelihood, etc. South Asia is increasingly approaching water scarcity, which has resulted into the legacy of geo-political debates and consequences of intra and interstate interactions. Distribution of surface water has caused water shortage; to the downstream areas, for which many regions within South Asia has become water-stressed leading to verge of conflict between nations. Conflicts over water are on the rise in all forms. Due to vast natural resources, South Asian countries are highly gifted. It's a well-endowed location with good farmland, forests, animals, and access to fresh water. This article examines potential approaches to address and resolve these water distribution and conflicts as it has erupted in several regions of South Asian countries.

The study examined talent acquisition and retention as predictors of teachers’ job commitment in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses tested in the study. Correlation survey design was adopted for the study. Population of the study consisted of 3,477 respondents while 490 respondents were drawn as sample for the study using random sampling technique. Instrument adopted for collection of data was questionnaire titled “Talent Acquisition and Retention Scale” (TARS) for the dependent variables and “Teachers Job Commitment Scale” (TJCS) for the independent variable. The two questionnaires titled TARS and TJCS were face and content validated by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. Cronbach alpha statistics was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The index of Talent Acquisition (TA) and Talent Retention (TR) were 0.91 and 0.92 respectively while TJCS was 0.90. There were 490 copies of questionnaire administered while 472 copies which were 96.3% were retrieved. Research questions were answered using simple regression analysis while the hypotheses were tested using t-test associated with simple regression at 0.05 level of significance. The relationship of talent acquisition and talent retention with teachers’ job commitment were high and positive as well as moderate and positive with values of r=0.61 and r=0.47 respectively. It was recommended that merit and competence should be considered above nepotism in the process of talent acquisition in secondary schools in Bayelsa State.

The study examined integration of psychosocial and transport safety considerations in the management of early childhood care and development education in Rivers State. The study used the descriptive survey design. Two research questions as well as two corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised of all the 620 approved private early childhood care and development education centres in Rivers State, Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique was used to draw up a sample of 347 head teachers, representing 56% of the population (110 head teachers in urban and 237 rural areas as well as 215 experienced and 132 inexperienced head teachers. One instrument was used for collection of data for this study titled ‘Integration of Safety Considerations Management of Early Childhood Care and Development Education Questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was ensured, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach alpha statistics. The reliability co-efficients of 0.86 and 0.92 were obtained. Weighted criterion mean, weighted mean and standard deviation scores were used to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study shows that to a high extent psychosocial and transport safety considerations are integrated in the management of early childhood care and development education in Rivers State. Further findings showed that there was no significant difference between means scores of the responses of teachers on the extent of integration of psychosocial and transport safety considerations in the management of early childhood care and development education in Rivers State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that private school managers should endeavour to provide safety facilities like close circuit television cameras in the schools for management of early childhood care and development education.

Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly known as one of the most popular short story writers in the history of American literature. His unique style of writing has influenced numerous short story writers of different cultures throughout the world since the publication of his short stories in the middle of 19th century. And in his stories, first-person narrative point of view is extensively used and that has drawn the interest of a lot of critics. This paper tries to analyze the literary function and narrative effect of first-person narrative in Poe’s masterpieces with necessary sample paragraphs.

The goal of this study was to look at the factors that influence real estate investment decisions in Zanzibar social security funds (ZSSF). The unit root test, co-integration, and vector error correction model (VECM) were used for estimation in the linear econometric model equation, which looked at four internal factors: member contribution (MC), benefit payment (BP), return on investment (ROI), and investment in government securities (IGS). The estimated result showed that there was presence of long-run relationship at equilibrium between real estate investment decisions (REID) in ZSSF and all tested factors that influence real estate investment decisions in social security funds. The results revealed that member’s contributions (MC), return on investment (ROI) and investment in government securities (IGS) had positive significant long run relationship with real estate investment decisions in ZSSF. But it was further revealed that the benefit payment (BP) had a negative relationship with REID at ZSSF, though they were statistically significant. The study then recommends among others, that management of ZSSF has to consider these factors when they make real estate investment decisions, this including maintaining the share of investment in Government security since it is the only investment avenue which has low risk and it give up predictable and stable return as result it increases real estate investment.

Coal is a great source of energy gifted by the nature. Main hazard in the use of coal is the production of sulphur oxides, sulphur dioxides, and nitrogen oxides which affect the climate severely. To protect environment from these hazardous oxides of sulphur, clean coal technology is being introduced and applied all over the world. Various desulphurization methods such as chemical, physical or biological have been used. In this study oxidative desulfurization using highly efficient deep eutectic solvent (DES) was carried out by ultra-sonication method. Choline chloride and ethylene glycol in 1: 2 ratios were used to prepare DES. Oxidative desulfurization process was utilized to treat coal samples using KOH as an oxidant. Oxidative desulphurization (of organic/inorganic sulphur forms) of coal was achieved by using deep eutectic solvent. ASTM methods were used to estimate different forms of sulphur in coal. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to estimate the amount of sulphur removed from three different coal samples.

A kinetic study based on spectrophotometric and titrimetric techniques has been carried out for the formation of Rubazoic acid type derivative from 4-amino-1(4-sulphophenyl) 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (4-amino SPMP). Physico-chemical factors like effect of Time, pH, aeration and temperature on the formation of Rubazoic acid derivative have been studied in detail. The oxidizing and diazotizing property of nitrous acid has been evaluated for 4-amino-SPMP. Moreover the diazonium compound of SPMP was isolated and its stability in solid form has also been investigated.

Indicators of a financial liberalized and globalized economic system's impending collapse include frequent swings and financial crises. This results from the expert study and institutional introspection following previous catastrophes. It is possible to minimize the danger of financial system failure in critical periods by using indicators and results. They can be overcome. Minuscule failure chances and rapid recovery are the goals. Financial architects must have efficient and robust security and risk management systems to limit risk exposure. In the event of firm failure or bankruptcy, maximize stakeholder value. In South Asia, there are many countries. To create a good investment climate, retain public confidence in the business and financial sectors, and promote sustainable growth, developing healthy insolvency and risk management systems is essential. India, which opened its markets in 1991, now faces the enormous challenge of liberalization and, in the future, modernization of its legal system. Several parts of the legal and financial systems of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan have been reformed. Sri Lanka has recently embarked on a road of globalization and system reforms. There have been many bank changes and insolvency reforms in the region over the last decade. Many financial sector changes are being implemented to create an efficient, well-diversified, and competitive financial system. Banks are also trying to develop acceptable and comprehensive models for risk management, which will be integrated into their working systems. The insolvency risk for 73 Indian banks using Z-Index and the probabilistic prediction of their book value bankruptcy for three years has been analyzed from 2017 to 2020. The need of the hour is an efficient risk management system that includes risk identification, measurement and control, writes Ravi Agrawal. He says it is vital to handle these risks in a pre-emptive, proficient and cohesive manner to maintain sound financial health, banks can assess future losses and prepare for them.

The scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic and the existing care conditions are different in each country. The risk factors for contamination can directly affect health professionals, especially nursing professionals, causing a worsening of the pandemic at the time of their illness and death. To identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection in nursing professionals in the care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. A protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study has been developed, supported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42020178168. The research question was structured according to the PICO strategy, P – nursing professionals; I – any nursing care to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient; C – nursing professionals without COVID-19 infection; O – nursing professionals with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Defined as follows: What are the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection in nursing professionals with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection? In order to better plan the use of electronic searches, the following databases were consulted given the specificities of each database, specific search strategies were chosen for each database. Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied, the quality of the evidence will be assessed by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.T. Ethics and disclosure: review study with primary articles already published. Therefore, it does not require authorization from any Ethics Committee. Trial registration number: CRD42020178168 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020178168