The increasing globalization in banking and financial services along with use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange and means of payments, is creating monetary policy uncertainty and concerns in the monetary policy process of central banks, especially difficulty in knowing exactly how much money people are willing to hold at any given point in time, how best to correctly measure the assets that constitutes money and determines the demand for money in the economy. Classical economic theory tells us that, there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the general level of domestic prices. This has made many central banks to adopt monetary aggregates as intermediate targets, in their quest to maintain price stability and achieve sustainable economic growth and development. This study seek to estimate the demand for money function in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019 with a view to ascertaining whether monetary policy uncertainty is an important determent of money demand in Nigeria or not. We employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to model the relationship between money demand and its determinants using times series data from 1980 to 2019. The results indicated that monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) appear to have little or no influence on the demand for money in Nigeria, compared to real income, the nominal exchange rate and domestic inflation. The results confirm that Monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) was not an important determinant of the demand for money in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019. It agrees with the findings of El-Rasheed et al., (2017) but disagrees with those of Iyke and Sin-YU Ho (2017) who in a similar study on Ghana, found monetary policy uncertainty to be insignificant in determining the demand for money in Ghana. We therefore bring into focus the need for policy makers in Nigeria and other developing economies to consider monetary policy uncertainty in their monetary policy formulation process because of its positive relationship with how much money Nigerians demand or hold at any given point in time. In addition, this study also found a link between money demand and changes in rate of inflation, nominal and real effective exchange rates and rate of growth in real GDP or real income. The sign and size of the estimated parameter coefficients had the correct a priori expectations, with inflation, monetary policy uncertainty and real GDP growth rates having a positive relationship with money demand, while the exchange rate responding negatively. There is need for more studies using other methods to further confirm this result, especially with respect to its application to other developing economies that may not be an oil exporting, import dependent economy like Nigeria.

Background: We have previously reported our extensive experiences with autism disorders and their treatments, and we showed the possibility of curing the major autistic features with a new therapeutic approach which included individualized courses of intramuscular cerebrolysin as the main therapy for the main autistic features. Our previously published experiences included observing the occurrence of atypical autism associated with evidence of mental retardation in four brothers from outside Baghdad, each two of them from two unrelated families. The four patients were treated based on our extensive published experiences with the pharmacological treatments of autism disorders; however, the follow-up and the outcome of treatments of these four children were not described in the previous publications. The aim of this paper is to report the cure of the major autistic features in 2 brothers with autosomal recessive autism. Patients and methods: It was possible to follow the first two brothers for only few weeks and to see them after the first course of treatment, however, the second brothers were followed for more than one year, and it was possible to achieve cure of the main autistic features. Results: After one short course, the first two brothers showed slight but noticeable improvement. The younger brother showed some reduction in autistic features as he developed rather an acceptable eye contact. However, the two brothers were still not responding to name and didn’t say any word. After, treatment, the second two brothers showed no autistic features, and experienced significant improvements in speech and cognitive functions. The older brother was not having autistic features after eighth months, and was obeying commands, but was still saying only few words. The younger brother joined primary school and was doing well apart from some behavioral problems especially running away from school and sometimes breaks things. Conclusion: In this paper, cure of autism has been achieved in two boys with autosomal recessive disorder. However, cure of autism in older children has never been expected to totally normalizes them, as the patients have already lost several years of learning, social adaptation, and maturation of personality and behavior.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Capparis zeylania. The free radical scavenging activity was found to be high in ethanol extract for DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS and reducing power assays in a concentration dependent manner followed by aqueous extract. The present results supported that the leaf extracts (ethanol and aqueous) of C.zeylanica could serve as potential alternative source antioxidants and can be explored as a good therapeutic agent in the free radical induced diseases.

Fungal infections have become more frequent, due to its extension population are at higher risk of utilization and treatment mode that permits long lasting survival of the patients. The histopathological detection of tissues shows fungal invasion of tissues and vessels along with host reaction with fungi and it could be a crucial tool for defining detection significance of positive culture isolates. However, there is very little illustration about morphological features of fungi, which are specific. The histopathologic detection should illustrate fungi and must include presence or absence of tissue invasiveness and host reaction with infection. Although, fungal species associated to genus Candida could result in acute vulvovaginal infection, Candida albicans are significantly more prevalent etiological agent mainly for severe chronic condition named recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The recent advancement in pathogenic process and host immune system response to C. albicans had also been seen. Vaginal Candidiasis is known to be one of the common gynecological problems found in females. As it had been seen that half of the women in their lifetime experience suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis and few with recurrent candidiasis. Cervical and vaginal secretion is the defending tool from ascendant infection pathway spreading. The component that could disturb vaginal environment is endogenous, infectious and iatrogenic factors and is most common factor susceptible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

“Value guidance, knowledge impartment and ability training” are the three teaching objectives of Chinese education. How to realize the three objectives? The research group adopts project-based learning model. Through this model, the three teaching objectives can be combined with the teaching content of New Standard College English Integrated Course 3. Through teaching practice and questionnaire, PBL has shown its function in improving students’ comprehensive ability and shaping their values, which indicates that this model serves as an effective way in carrying out college English education reform.

The study examines the factors inhibiting sport performance in Adekunle Ajasin university, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state Nigeria. A total of two hundred students were selected from four Faculties in the University, Faculties of Education, Law, Science and Agricultural Science. The Faculties where selected using fish bowl without replacement. Questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data were analysed; the results revealed that Availability of standard facilities, and Parental influence, was an inhibiting factor in participating in sport among Adekunle Ajasin University student.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of contamination of fresh vegetables by enteric viruses in the Errachidia region. A total of 80 samples of four types of fresh vegetables (radish, lettuce, onion and parsley) were taken from different plots irrigated by water from WWTPs effluents or wells. The search for enteric viruses was carried out by real-time RT-PCR. Overall rate of enteric viruses’ contamination was 69%. Depending of virus type, this rate was 66%, 59% and 8% for enteroviruses, Norovirus and Rotavirus respectively. No samples tested positive for hepatitis A virus. Vegetables from plots irrigated by WWTPs effluents were more contaminated than those irrigated by well water. Lettuce and parsley were often more contaminated than radish and onion. Our study shows that enteric viruses can contaminate fresh vegetables, requiring the implementation of measures to control this health risk.

Introduction: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to share insights, research findings and discuss key issues related to workload factors and their influence on the wellbeing of ICU nurses working in a Saudi Arabian. Design/Methodology/approach: The authors used a mixed method approach and using a convergent parallel mixed methods design. A qualitative and quantitative approach was adopted for the study that sampled national and foreign nationals ICU nurses to explore the various workload factors that influenced their wellbeing within the ICU environment during direct patient care. Results: The findings from the study were aligned to the JDR Model and provided evidence that ICU nurses experienced various workload factors that influenced their wellbeing and productivity within the ICU environment. The research paper has provided a platform for ICU nurses to voice their concerns on workload influencing their wellbeing in the critical care environment and cry out for the need of support and wellbeing program for the organisation to overcome workload factors experienced. Research limitations/implications: The limitation that was faced by the researcher was the timeline for conducting the current research, which was governed by the University’s policies and protocol. Identified various workload factors and its influence on ICU nurses wellbeing guided the study findings to formulate a comprehensive managerial framework as a support for nurses specifically coping strategies for the organisation. This will assist nurses in all other sectors of the organisation to utilise such employee wellness programs in coping with workload factors influencing their wellbeing. Practical Implications: Healthcare organisation across the globe is challenged to achieve nurse workforce stability, safety, and well-being. It was evident that the participants experienced many workload challenges that influenced their wellbeing within the various ICUs. This study sets out the key messages for health care managers to empower and to meet the needs of ICU nurse related to health and well-being. The findings formed the foundation for management contribution to provide improved and seamless support to the health and well-being of ICU nurses. This approach is a guide to support the nurses and implement employee well-being programs to leverage off the work demands and stress within the health care sector. Originality/Value: This paper explores the various workload factors experienced by ICU nurses and its influence on their wellbeing in A Saudi Arabian Hospital from national and international perspectives. The authors were able to explore various workload factors from diverse population and multi-cultural backgrounds within the organisation. The value of the research will enable health care organisations locally and internationally to ensure that the organisation implements well-being programs as a support for nurses.

This study aimed to determine the proposed application of the use of the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) method for cost control of daily and casual workers (a case study at PT. XYZ). Previous studies showed that ABB can provide more accurate information about activities, activity costs, work process time, number of human resources required, total employee costs, and project profit/loss. It can be concluded that the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) model can meet the needs of the IT Enterprise budgeting model. This study took the population and samples from functional managers and senior/junior staff in a manufacturing company at PT XYZ. The results of this study indicate that the Activity-Based Budgeting method can detail information related to cost control of daily and casual workers required, making the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) calculation method to be considered capable and can meet budgeting needs related to cost control of daily and casual workers.

Aim: the aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Riyadh Elm University (REU) dental students and interns towards treatment modalities of bruxism. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional electronic-based questionnaire was administered in Saudi Arabia from February-April 2020. Validation of the survey was made according to principal components analysis. The questionnaire had 19 questions and it was sent electronically to Participants after obtaining the ethical approval from the Ethical Committee in Riyadh Elm University on the 24th or February 2020. Participants included undergraduate dental students in clinical years and interns at Riyadh elm university, Saudi Arabia both genders. A response of 288 participants has been collected. Results: 223 responds were collected, 193 participants were female (86.5%), while 30 (13.5%) were male. The majority of the participants were level 12 students (50.7%), while 19.7% were interns. The most common method of management for awake bruxism stated by participants was relaxation methods, 79.4% followed by splint therapy 40.8%, and pharmacological therapy 35%. However, the most common method of management for sleep bruxism stated by participants was splint therapy 80.3%, followed by relaxation therapy 45.3% and sleep hygiene methods 40.8%. 36.8% of participants have been involved in the treatment of patients with bruxism. However, 78.9 % of practitioners agreed that the occlusal splint used to treat only signs and symptoms of bruxism. Among students who treated patients with bruxism, 53.1% followed up with their patients. Conclusion: There is sufficient knowledge and awareness of REU undergraduate dental students in clinical years and interns about the treatment modalities of bruxism.

There are different phonological processes across Tshivenḓa linguistics, however, this paper only focuses on vowel processes involving syllable structure or syllabification in Tshivenḓa. When a syllable is affected by any phonological phenomena, it is either reduction, deletion or glide formation that takes place. This study explores three vowel phonological processes affecting syllable structure in Tshivenḓa, namely; vowel deletion, vowel epenthesis and glide formation. The in-depth of this study will add to the literature of Tshivenḓa linguistics and to the knowledge of the scientific study of language. Qualitative data was gathered through the use of phonological field work. The Optimality Theory is the framework underpinning this study.

Although the formation of science may be investigated from the theological dimension, the sufficiency of human requirements in the study of the Qur’an is not only studied from the perspectives of Sufism, norms, systems, social practices, and knowledge. The essence of sufficiency in the study of the Qur’an for Muslims and others analyzes not only the material dimension but also the social and theological dimensions. This viewpoint at the very least provides insight into the range of the meaning of sufficiency in human existence, which gives rise to scientific results in a variety of forms and styles. Sufficiency in meeting needs is an eloquence that originates from the terms kafa, hasbi, and qona’a. The three words etymologically both mean enough. But in terms of terminology, adequacy in question is a feeling that the needs have been filled. The concept of adequacy in fulfilling needs which have the consequence of becoming a theological concept is constructed through the interpretation of the words kafa, hasbi, and qonaa, and is combined with the hadith about the adequacy and also the knowledge of Sufism that he has studied such as tawakkal and tafwidh, to obtain a solid construction. So this appears appropriate to be applied during Hedonic society in the current era. The sufficiency given by Allah to humans can be analyzed into several types, namely grace, istidroj, and sustenance that is promised to each of His creatures. In our modern-day, when the motive for pursuing necessities is carried out in a hedonic, pragmatic pattern and is backed by Maslow and Herzberg’s theory, Muslims’ notions of adequacy and the nature of feeling adequate are certainly extremely important and required. The notion of adequacy in Islam, which is derived from al-interpretation, Azhar’s namely the ideas of tawakkal and tafwidh, gives a new version to Maslow's theory, namely “Spiritual Self Actualization of Needs Motivation”, and Herzberg’s theory, namely “Spiritual Value of Herzberg Motivation”.

With the development of society, women's social roles have gradually changed. The vacancy of appellation words accompanying this change has gradually become apparent. The lack of an appellation corresponding to 师母 is one of these phenomena. On the basis of previous studies, this article discusses the question of how to choose the personal deixis for the appellation terms corresponding to 师母 under the guidance of pragmatic principles, which provides a new way for the complement of the appellation corresponding to 师母. Through the analysis of this article, the author believes that it is difficult to choose a perfect appellation corresponding to 师母 in the contemporary society where the relation between people is relatively complicated and the social hierarchy is also a complicated affair.

One of the key determinants of government size is the quantity of expenditure the government does out of the funds it gets from revenues and borrowings. Therefore, effective mobilization of public-sector funds requires exploring how the revenues and borrowings impact on the future values of government expenditure. In this line, using government expenditure as the proxy for government size and Nigeria as a case study, this paper examines the future course of government size in Africa’s oil-producing countries through an ex post forecasting analysis which involves forecasting Nigeria’s government expenditure in an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The analysis is based on time series data spanning 1981 to 2017, out of which the ARDL model is estimated for the 1981-2014 period, before ex post forecasting is done for the remaining 2015-2017 period. The results show that oil revenue, external debt, and the past level of government expenditure will have positive correlations with the future levels of government size, while non-oil revenue and domestic debt will have negative correlations. However, current oil revenue will play a unique role in the future path of government size, in that oil revenue is the only exogenous variable without any lagged term selected with its current term by the information criterion (Akaike Information Criterion) used for selecting the optimal ARDL model, which is selected among 2,500 competing models. A key policy implication of these findings is that optimum mobilization of public funds in the concerned countries requires paying special attention to current oil revenue.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder with an impact on the reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health disease of women. It affects approximately 5%-10% of women in the reproductive age groups. The disorder can be morphological polycystic ovaries or predominantly biochemical hyperandrogenism, a clinical hallmark of PCOS, which can cause inhibition of follicular development, micro cysts in the ovaries, anovulation, and menstrual changes. Aims and Objective: A Correlative Study of C3 in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was hospital based cross-sectional study carried out among PCOS was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Index Medical College Hospital, and Indore. This study was conducted from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019. A total of 260 subjects with age group between 15 to 45 years were divided into two group; cases (130) and controls (130). Results: Among a total of 260 cases, based on clinical and different biochemical parameters, 130 were diagnosis with PCOS and 130 were healthy women. The mean ±SD of various parameters among PCOS cases were; body mass index (BMI) 32.97±8.466, total cholesterol (TC) 188.42±31.126, triglyceride (TG) 134.43±50.01, high density lipoprotein (HDL) 36.29±9.55 TC/HDL ratio, 5.54±1.865 serum C3, 160.66±29.155 versus BMI 22.87±2.470, TC 155.42±26.333, TG 110.00±42.19, HDL 41.22±10.912, TC/HDL ratio 4.08±1.39, serum C3 127.48±35.60in healthy control. Conclusion: In this study, the role of inflammation and different biochemical markers were studied among PCOS cases. It was found that a majority of the PCOS patients were obese having insulin resistance. The levels of C3 as a marker of chronic low grade inflammation were higher in newly diagnosed PCOS as compared to the controls. The C3 values correlated well with various physiological and biochemical parameter.