The study aims to identify the determinants of profitability in Saudi insurance companies. For this purpose, the data were collected about the study variables (company size, debt ratio, loss ratio, retention ratio, investment income) as independent variables. To measure its impact on the profitability of insurance companies, expressed as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Using Panel Data for 25 insurance companies in Saudi Arabia during (2010-2016), the random-effects model (REM) was used to examine the relationship between the profitability of insurance companies and the independent variables. The study concluded that the profitability of insurance companies is significantly associated with the size of the insurance company, debt ratio, and the rate of actual loss. The results also showed that the volume of written premiums is the most influential variable on the profitability of insurance companies, followed by the indebtedness rate and then the actual loss.

Toxoplasmosis acquired in an immunocompetent individual will usually be asymptomatic. However, the problem arises in the case of a primary infection in a pregnant woman, which may cause congenital infection of the fetus. Through maternal-fetal contamination, this infection poses two main risks to the fetus and the child, one neurological (hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications) and the other ophthalmic (chorioretinitis that can affect the visual prognosis), which makes preventive actions necessary, through compulsory monthly serological surveillance of women who are not immune to toxoplasmosis. The biologist is often confronted with difficulties in interpreting the results, particularly during the monitoring of pregnant women. However, this is an essential step in the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis because the results of the serological analysis are the basis for subsequent prenatal and postnatal treatment serodiagnosis is based on the detection of specific IgG and IgM. Although serological techniques have improved in recent years, problems of interpretation of serology persist, particularly in the presence of IgM antibodies. Results should be interpreted with caution. The mistake not to be made is to conclude immediately that the patient is primitively infected on the basis of the presence of IgM or IgG antibodies associated with IgM antibodies alone. The knowledge of the evolution of antibodies during the infection and the practice of complementary tests in particular the measurement of the avidity of antitoxoplasmic IgG allow in the majority of the cases a correct interpretation of the results and a dating of the infection.

The human eye is an organ that can provide physicians with valuable clues for the recognition and management of many systemic diseases, including many disorders of the endocrine system. Ocular manifestations are common in many endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. However, there are a significant number of lesser-known endocrine diseases in which ocular changes are common. Endocrine glands communicate with each other through hormones. Hormones include cortisol, thyroid hormones, insulin, testosterone, estrogen and many others. They are made and stored in the endocrine glands and released by these glands to exert their effects on nearby or distant target organs. The main glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads (testes and ovaries), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreas. Endocrine glands control the physiology of the human body and maintain its homeostasis. The effects of hyper or hyposecretion of each endocrine gland separately, usually manifest themselves in a multi-organ fashion. Some disorders of the endocrine system manifest in the eye first through a variety of distinct pathophysiological factors. It is an interdisciplinary pathology, falling under both endocrinology and ophthalmology, and knowing these ophthalmic manifestations is the most important step for the early detection, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of these manifestations, which can thus significantly reduce the morbidity related to these disorders including permanent visual dysfunction.

Background: Coronary artery disease is a progressively worsening condition that may present as stable angina or Acute coronary syndrome (Unstable angina/Non-STEMI or STEMI) when restriction of blood flow to the myocardium occurs. The present study is undertaken to determine the time taken in conversion of stable angina to acute coronary syndrome and to compare the incidence of ACS in male and female populations. Objective: To study the time taken in conversion of stable angina to Acute coronary syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease and to compare the incidence of ACS in the male and female population. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiac ward and follow-up in the out-patient unit, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. 50 participants, male and female, admitted with ACS were taken for study after obtaining written informed consent by purposive sampling. Data is analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The statistical test used is the student’s t-test. Results: Out of the total population under study, 54% presented for the first time to the cardiologist with ACS only, 36% patients developed ACS from stable angina within a time interval of (0-6months) and 10% of patients developed it in the time duration of (>6months). While the incidence of STEMI is significantly higher in females than males (p=0.035), the incidence of non-STEMI is significantly higher in males than females (p=0.035). Conclusion: The present study indicates that the majority of the patients present with ACS as a diagnosis at their first visit to a cardiologist whereas stable angina gets converted to ACS in 6 months in most of the untreated patients. We recommend further detailed multicenter study in this area with a higher sample size to confirm the results and use them for benefit of society.

Since colonial days when Cameroonians in particular and Africans in general came in contact with the use of pen and paper for communication, the effect of first contact captured the psychology of the natives who to this day see the alphabets of western languages (English and French) as sacred or God given for the writing of all languages. This misconception partly explains the initial opposition and rejection of the introduction of new symbols for the proper writing of native Cameroonian languages. The development and introduction of the General Alphabet of Cameroonian Languages has faced common questions like: Why not simply use the English alphabet to write our local languages as a global and unifying system? Why introduce new unnecessary symbols or letters which are strange or unfamiliar and difficult to write, read or understand? It is in the light of this research problem that we use the Ngwo language to examine the place, role, importance and necessity of the General Alphabet of Cameroonian languages to clear doubts about the question of whether it is redundant or appropriate.

Melon seed has been described as very important oilseed crop that serves numerous food purposes across Nigeria. Since melon seed is within a shell, dehusking or decorticating or dehulling or shelling, it is expedient so as to use it for food. To carry out the process of removal of the shell, a melon decorticating machine was designed and developed. The machine was designed based on standard engineering design procedures. A CAD drawing was used to develop the machine and a detailed design of the machine was implemented. The CAD drawing was fabricated. The machine was built using materials available locally and it consists of the following components the melon shelling machine were the hopper, the shelling chamber, the base, the blower unit, the body frame, the blade, switch, fan regulator, feed controller, blade housing, electric motor, motor holder, bolt and nut. Two different performance evaluation were carried out: one, a comparison based on time of shelling using both the designed machine and the manual shelling method and two, the performance evaluation was carried out for different Melon seeds of three (3) varying moisture contents. The parameters evaluated include decorticating efficiency, percentage of decorticated seed and damaged, machine performance and capacity. Results from the developed machine shows a shelling efficiency of 73.1% with seed damage percent of 14.3% when using moisture content of 30%d.b. while, for the manual shelling was reported to be of a shelling efficiency of 10%, 15.7% and 20.2% with 20.2% being its highest efficiency which is seen to be very small compared to that of the machine. Shelling speed of the machine and moisture content of the seed Melon affects the rate, efficiency and percentage of damage to the seeds. This design and the set of conditions selected were the most preferred due to their speed operation, less damage to the seeds and minimal expenditure of human energy. The developed machine does not require skilled labor, and this melon sheller can effectively address the challenges of the traditional method of decorticating melon.

The purpose of the study was to examine whether higher levels of adolescents’ perceptions of intimidating behavior and negative conditional regard by the PE teacher, thwarting of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, fear of failure, contingent self-worth, and challenge avoidance are linked to the presence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in physical education. Motor proficiency was evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (2nd ed.) in a sample of 336 adolescents. Students’ perceptions on motivational constructs were measured via self-report questionnaires and compared between adolescents with DCD and typically developing peers. Independent of gender, presence of DCD was linked to significantly higher levels of the above negative motivational constructs. Independent of DCD, boys reported significantly higher levels on all negative motivational constructs than girls except contingent self-worth. Among adolescents with DCD, boys reported greater autonomy and competence thwarting compared to girls. Within boys, those with DCD reported greater levels of intimidation, autonomy thwarting, competence thwarting, and fear of failure compared to typical boys. No differences emerged between girls with and without DCD. Adolescents with DCD seem to report higher levels of negative motivational experiences in school physical education compared to their typically developing peers. The present study extends the evidence base of psychosocial variables of a motivational nature in physical activity linked to the presence of DCD.

Varicocele is a dilated veins pampiniform plexus secondary to valvular dysfunction; it is also one of the most frequent causes of male-factor infertility. There are several options for the treatment of varicocele, including surgical repair either by open or microsurgical approach, laparoscopy, or through percutaneous embolization of the internal spermatic vein. Our study involved 60 patients treated for primary varicocele in the urology and vascular surgery departments of the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital in Meknes.

Anthropometry is the numeric assessment of body segments for specific reasons. The present study is aimed at specifying the nose type and pattern of Ekowe indigenes in Bayelsa State of Nigeria. A total of 300 subjects were recruited for this study with sex difference of 179 males and 121 females. The measured parameters include nasal breadth, nasal height and nasal index. The results showed mean values of nasal breadth as 4.87±0.42 and 4.62±0.42 for males and females. Nasal height values are 4.43±0.37 and 4.13±0.40 for male and female. Nasal index for males and females are 110.64±12.52 and 112.89±14.43. Sexual dimorphism exits amongst the measured parameters and there was statistical significant difference for nasal breadth and height (p<0.05). With reference to nose classification by Martin and Sallar, 1957; the males and females of Ekowe indigenes possess platyrrhine (broad and short) nose shape.

Introduction: Craniofacial anthropometric parameters are believed to specify sex, age and racial existence of an unknown person. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess and identify the head shape of Ekowe people and to ascertain whether there is sexual difference. Materials and Methods: Cranial measurements such as biparietal diameter and occipiofrontal diameter were carried out on 300 subjects, comprising of 179 males and 121 females of Ekowe indigenes and were between the age range of 18 years and above. In addition, cephalic index was calculated from these parameters. Results: The resultant mean values of biparietal diameter B(head breadth) was 16.50±1.82 and 16.23±1.73 for males and females. Mean values of occipitofrontal diameter (head length) for males and females were 28.03±1.35 and 27.58±1.04. Cephalic index was 59.07±7.17 and 58.98±6.91 for males and females. Sexual dimorphism was observed in occipitofrontal diameter and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The percentage of head shape analysis indicates that only 0.3% each for the males and females sampled population were mesocephalic in shape (moderate or medium head shaped). None was brachycephalic for both males and females. About 59.3 % of the male sample and 40% of the female sample were dolichocephalic in shape (long head). Conclusion: We conclude that the Ekowe people are long headeds. The findings from this study have shown to be very useful in forensic medicine, genetics and craniofacial surgery.

The current study explored the situation of motives and coaching behaviour preferences by players as the main factors acting on their potential and leading them to active or passive dedication towards team goals. This is due to the fact that the success of players will depend on how they effectively collaborate with their coach, how they interpret various behaviour and commanding styles that their coach uses as well as individual player motives. 165 players from the Rwanda top tier Handball league answered the perception model of leadership scale for sports and the physical activity and leisure motivation scale. The collected data’s reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s reliability test and the results were respectively 0.816 and 0.856 showing better and reliable data results. The identified motives of Rwanda handball players are Enjoyment 94.4%, Physical conditions 89.8%, Affiliation 81.9% while the highly perceived coaching behaviors are those during training and instructions with 52.2% (often) and 38.2% (always) seconded by how players and coaches socialize with 54 % (Often) and 20.6% (Always). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed weak association between coaching behavior and sports motives with most correlation coefficients belonging below 0.039** (Mastery versus Training and Instruction, Social Support). Significant Differences in perception of coaching behaviors were also observed with regard to team ownership F3,164=12.724, p(0.000) < a(0.05), Marital status F2,164=13.868,p(0.000)< a(0.05) and Age range F5,164=5.434, p(0.000) < a(0.05) with Tukey post hoc tests revealing that significant differences lye between school owned teams (with Government and privately owned teams) as well as age category 15-20 (with 20-25 and 30-40). No significant differences in motives were observed. The overall finding emphasizes that motives and coaching behaviors play a big role in players’ psychological and physical potential hence they are important and worth exploration for the best of the team, players and the whole management as well as game followers.

Background: BAL specimens are widely used for diagnosing respiratory pathologies like chronic diseases, lung carcinomas, pneumonias, etc. Infections cause exacerbations. Study of bacterial profile, antibacterial sensitivity patterns of samples guides in timely & appropriate use of antibiotics, preventing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study was done to isolate causative bacteria from BAL specimens to know their antibacterial sensitivity pattern. Settings and Design: A hospital-based prospective study was done on 118 BAL samples received in Microbiology laboratory from May 2019-July 2021 from wards for patients with respiratory pathologies. Material and Methods: Samples collected using proper aseptic precautions & sent, within 2 hours of collection were processed using standard procedures for bacterial isolation and species identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing done & reports made as per latest CLSI guidelines. Result: 15.25% samples showed growth. Klebsiella (65.21%), Pseudomonas (30.43%) and Acinetobacter (4.34%) were isolated. Klebsiella species isolated showed 95%, 97% and 98% sensitivity respectively to Cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides & 100% sensitivity towards higher antibiotics like Carbapenems, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Tetracycline. An Extended spectrum ß lactamase producing Klebsiella species was isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 80%, 85%, 90% and 95% respectively sensitivity to Ceftazidime; Gentamicin, Tobramycin; Amikacin, & 100% to Polymyxins. An isolate of Acinetobacter lwoffii was obtained. It was resistant to Ceftazidime. Conclusion: Knowledge of bacteriological and antibacterial profile of BAL samples helps in judicious use of antibiotics, preventing resistance & also in making local antibiogram to guide empirical therapy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of light emitting diode (LED) on in vitro rooting of Moringa oleifera Lam shoots. To achieve this, the vitroplants were grown in MS mod 3B basal medium, supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose and without phytohormones, and subjected to white and red LED light for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that there were significant differences between the LED lights used in terms of the number of roots and the weight of the callus obtained. The white LED gave vitroplants with many roots and reduced callus. Thus, the basic medium MS mod 3B, with 20 g.L-1 sucrose and without phytohormones, and the white LED could be used for a good rooting of M. oleifera in vitro plants.

Education: COVID-19 is a different infection distressing and killing a massive amount of people across the globe every single day. Solitary, to expand health care for these patients is to identify their necessities. Nurses, as an enormous population of health care staff, can be opulent foundations of evidence and involvement on patients’ care essentials. Aim: The purpose of this hypothesis was to discover nurses’ observation about the carefulness requirements of patients with corona virus disease. Methods: Current qualitative examination was implemented using the conservative relaxed investigation method in kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April to June 2020. The applicants of this hypothesis comprised the nurses concerned intended for patients with COVID-19, enrolled by the persistence sampling mode. The data was collected through 100 telephone discussions and examined built on the process suggested by Lundman and Graneheim. Results: Qualitative statistics examination showed six main categories comprising requirement for emotional referring, need for excellence development of facilities, need for progression of statistics, need for enlightening of community provision, requirement for nonphysical care and need for shared well-being. Conclusion: Statistics indicated that patients with COVID-19 were sensitively, bodily, informally, carefully, and mentally pretentious by the infection. Consequently, they should be systematically maintained by health care supervise and additional compassionate classifications.

There is a lack of research regarding the life stressors which male high school and collegiate cross country runners encounter. The Collegiate Student Athlete Life Stress Scale (CSALSS) assess eight life stressor subscales consisting of: performance demands, coach relationships, training adaptations, family relationships, romantic relationships, academic requirements, intrapersonal relationships, and sports injuries. Having an understanding of how these life stressors impact male high school and collegiate cross country runners may provide athletes, parents, and coaches with insight regarding the nature of how these athletes perceive their current life challenges. Purpose: The current study attempted to measure the life stressors which male high school and collegiate cross country runners encounter as assessed by the CSALSS and to determine if differences in the CSALSS subscales exist between the high school and collegiate athletes. It was hypothesized that college cross country runners would have significantly higher scores in the subscales of sports injury, performance demand, coach relationships, and training adaptations. Additionally, it was hypothesized that college student cross country runners' scores on the subscales of academic requirements, intrapersonal relationships, romantic relationships, and family relationships would be similar to high school cross country runners. Methods: Male high school (n=14) and college cross country runners (n=14) completed the CSALSS questionnaire. Independent t-tests were used to compare CSALSS subscales between the high school and collegiate runners (α≤0.05). Results: No differences were found between the high school and collegiate athletes for any of the CSALSS subscales (p< 0.05). The high school and collegiate cross country runners found the subscales concerning sports injuries and academic requirements to be most stressful respectively. Coaching relationships, training adaptations, and interpersonal relationships were the least stressful subscales for these athletes. Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, male high school and collegiate cross country runners report similar life stressors.