Background/Aim: To date, there is no standard method to evaluate the fit of the implant framework. However, there are many proposed clinical and laboratory methods in the literature with varying accuracies based on numerous factors involved. Therefore, we conducted the current investigation to review the available evidence in the literature, comparing the available clinical as well as laboratory methods in assessing the fit of implant prostheses. Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies related to the fit of the implant framework or the degree and effect of misfit. We also used the manual search method to search for any missing articles. Various combinations of key words were used to fit the searching guidelines of each database. Relevant studies of in-vitro and clinical design were included in this review. Results: The majority of the reviewed studies were either clinical or technique papers that proposed various strategies in detecting the fit of the implant framework, with a very limited number of clinical trials related to the topic. Multiple factors suggest that the concept ‘passive fit’ could be achieved in implant prosthodontics with the use of advances strategies. Various clinical and laboratory techniques in assessing the fit of the implant framework were identified. The advantages, drawbacks, and applicability of each technique are discussed. However, the applicability of these technique is clearly limited due to the absence of clinical trials (in vivo studies) assessing their validity and efficacy of such techniques. A slight misfit of the framework to the implant abutment/analogue was also observed in many of the investigated strategies. Conclusions: Due to the variations of techniques and the various parameters assessed by each, we suggest that it might be useful to combine several techniques to determine the accuracy of fit, quantify the effect and degree of misfit, and subsequently estimate the acceptable level of fit, using the reference system for each technique used accordingly.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

From the angle of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this research note explores renewable energy in food supply chain and sustainable marine fishery. With an initial theoretical analysis, it is observed that the share of renewable energy, as reflected by SDG Indicator 7.2.1, can contribute to the measurement of and data computation for SDG Indicators 12.3.1 and 14.7.1. This is because renewable energy becomes a significant component of on board cost for harvesting, processing, and preserving fishes by marine vessels/fleets. Also renewable energy can be used to estimate food waste because it functions as an estimation for municipal solid waste if data is not directly available. A number of scientific and practical implications are generated. For example, more interdisciplinary studies on the interactions across SDGs should be encouraged, and more in-depth empirical research are also expected in future. The connections between renewable energy, food supply chain, and sustainable marine fishery also call for more holistic policies for sustainable development, with adequate consideration of disparities in country contexts. Effective actions should be taken to further enhance the statistical capacities of countries and international organizations, which will be a foundation for applying more sophisticated techniques into the analysis of data in this field. The main objectives of this short research note are to provoke more scientific thoughts and provide policy-oriented recommendations. It leaves spaces for more empirical evidence-based future research including another study under the author’s plan.

Background: The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological aspects and clinical characteristics of these patients, as well as diagnostic work-up, comprehensive management and updated follow-up. Methods: In a 4-years’ period, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD in Department of OBG at Victoria Hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore. Analyzed data were related to familiar and/or maternal risk factors (consanguinity, maternal preexisting and/or gestational diseases, exposure to teratogen/infectious agents, lack of preconception folic acid supplement), demographic (ethnicity/origin, residence) and clinical features (eventual use of assisted reproduction techniques, prenatal diagnosis, gestational age, fetal presentation, type of delivery, birth weight, preoperative imaging, antibiotics and analgesics use, description of the surgery intervention, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, complications), and follow-up. Results: Among 10 cases, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD. All 10 fetuses had Anencephaly and other associated anomalies. The diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasonography. Among ten mothers one was over-aged. Medical history revealed that only 2 mothers used folic acid (FA), -tablets containing 5 mg folic acid, once daily, beginning after being aware of the pregnancy- neither initiated preconceptionally, nor consumed regularly. The remaining 8 mothers did not use any supplements. No mothers used any kind of drugs during pregnancy, and 2 were diabetic. All patients had normal thyroid, liver and renal function tests. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormality.

Superficial mycosis were diagnosed in 1231 cases, a prevalence of 62.07%. The average age of the patients was 45 years, the sex ratio M/F was 1.19. The majority of the patients were followed as outpatients (96.99%). Of all superficial mycosis, onychomycosis was the most frequent with a rate of 52.32%, followed by epidermomycosis (37.44%), scalp mycosis (8.37%), oral mycosis (1.71%) and genital mycosis (0.16%). Dermatophytes were the most isolated (85.05%), followed by yeasts (13.65%), molds (1.30%). The main dermatophytic species were represented by Trichophyton rubrum (80.99%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (8.88%) and Microsporum canis (6.59%). The most common yeasts found were Candida albicans (67.86%), followed by Malassezia furfur (22.02%). Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was the most isolated mold (68.75%). At the end of this study we conclude that mycological examination is essential in the management of patients with superficial mycoses; which must also include the elimination of favourable factors in order to avoid recurrence.

For the child living in institutions or in foster care homes, the continued Covid-19 pandemic had a major effect and posed many challenges. It includes a scarcity of access to health & oral health care, lack of schooling, poor infrastructure maintenance, lack of nutrition and healthy diet, similarly, as well as lack of emotional and social support, all of which leads to increase prevalence of mental illness among them. If these problems are ignored any further and not detected or managed early, can have a greater impact on overall wellbeing and development of the child. For the event of personality and emotional resilience in any person’s life, Childhood is that the significant time for overall development and health. It's the responsibility of each nation to take care of the children the marginalized and underprivileged. During the current challenging Covid-19 Pandemic, we must always take the commitment of reducing its impact on institutionalized children by addressing the factors and taking measures for overall development of this vulnerable group. The current review was an attempt of addressing the factors or concerns that can arise due to Covid-19 pandemic situation and measures recommended for improving the overall health and wellbeing of the child living in institutions in India.

Background: In last few decades, childhood obesity has become a burdensome challenge globally. The most important long-term consequence of childhood obesity is its persistence into adulthood, with all the associated health risks. Persistent obesity is established before the age of 11. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study with non-probability convenient sampling was carried out over a period of three month in a private sector school Islamabad, Pakistan. The sampling frame was 250 students of grade 4 of roots school system. The response rate was 67%. Results: Mean age in our sample was 10 years. Mean BMI was 18.14 with a standard deviation of 4.4. The frequency of obesity in children was 22% (more than 97th percentile and equivalent to BMI of 30kg/m 2) and that of overweight was 32% (more than 85th percentile and BMI of). Among obese children 28% were reasonably physically active the past week. Regarding eating habits 52% children ate their breakfast every day, 16% of the children never had their breakfast because they didn’t like breakfast or because they were never given breakfast at home. 55% of the children thought that obesity can be prevented by making sure that children are into sports and games, by promoting healthy snacks and banning fast foods, by launching fitness programs and by health education. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of obese and overweight children in the private sector school of Islamabad. Physical inactivity and relationship with other factors like watching TV, gaming and over consumption of junk food was found to be associated with overweight and obesity adds some useful data to the previous researches.

Background: Malnutrition is associated to treatment toxicity, complications, reduced physical function, and lower survival in cancer patients. Malnutrition or associated risk was observed in the Prevalence of Malnutrition in Oncology (PreMiO) study among cancer patients visiting their first medical oncology appointment. Oncologists, not nutritionists, evaluated the nutrition status of the patients in this research, which was a first. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology. Methods: PreMiO was a prospective, observational study conducted at Department of oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For inclusion, adult patients (>18 years) had a solid tumor diagnosis, were treatment-naive, and had a life expectancy >3 months. Malnutrition was identified by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), appetite status with a visual analog scale (VAS), and appetite loss with a modified version of Anorexia-Cachexia Subscale (AC/S-12) of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia- Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). Results: Of patients enrolled (N=50), 51% had nutritional impairment; 9% were overtly malnourished, and 43% were at risk for malnutrition. Severity of malnutrition was positively correlated with the stage of cancer. Over 40% of patients were experiencing anorexia, as reported in the VAS and FAACT questionnaire. During the prior six months, 64% of patients lost weight (1–10 kg). Conclusion: Even on their first visit to a medical oncology center, malnutrition, anorexia, and weight loss are prevalent in cancer patients.

The concentration of this study is to analyze: (1) the academic basis of Madrasa Miftahul Umam in generating teachers’ competences through vision mission; (2) the role of teachers in dealing with obstacles to generate teachers’ competences; (3) the role of internalizing prophetic values in generating teachers’ competences to create more effective teaching and learning activities. The research in the paper uses the case study method. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, document reviews, and surveys to complement the data. Sources of data were obtained through teachers as informants and also through documents. Data analysis was performed by data reduction or sorting, data displays and verifications. The results of the study show that: (1) generating teachers’ competence had been carried out through the madrasa vision and mission, but its implementation had not been well-programmed; (2) various obstacles faced by madrasa such as financial sector, quality of management, facilities and infrastructure, had a direct impact towards generating teachers’ competences; (3) internalization of prophetic values on teachers competence was able to motivate teachers to build teachers’ values and to create more effective teaching and learning activities. The Conclusion in this study proves that the internalization of prophetic values had positively impacted towards generating teachers’ competences.

This paper explored students’ opinions on the effects of examination malpractices on Senior High School students in Assin Districts, Central Region. The study employed a descriptive survey design with the quantitative method. The participants were made up of students from the six public Senior High Schools in Assin Districts. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling procedures had been employed to select a sample of 302 student participants which comprised 164 male students and 138 female students. A questionnaire was employed to collect the data for the study. Means, standard deviations and independent t-test statistics were used to analyze the data gathered for the study. The findings revealed that the major effect of examination malpractice on students was academic corruption followed by ineffective study habits among Senior High School students. It was concluded that in schools where a conducive environment and teaching/learning materials are not provided for effective learning, students involve themselves in examination malpractice to raise the academic image of the school. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should provide conducive teaching and learning environment to ensure effective academic work in schools to minimize examination malpractice. Also, heads of Senior High Schools should strengthen public education on the effects of examination malpractice to minimize the menace.

Introduction: Pregnancy in adolescence is a problem of alarming dimensions that demands comprehensive multisectoral care. The incidence of pregnancy in adolescents has grown and no previous studies on the entity were found. Objective: To describe the behavior of adolescent pregnancy in the Mantilla health area. Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a universe of 82 pregnant adolescents from the Mantilla health area from April 2019 to November 2020. A survey and test of perception of family functioning were applied, which were processed using Descriptive Statistics techniques. Results: 57.3% of the pregnant women were between 17 and 19 years old, 53.7% had not completed the pre-university or intermediate technical level and 75.6% did not wish to interrupt their pregnancy. Conclusions: Pregnancies in adolescence are unplanned and therefore unwanted; the vast majority of adolescents admit that they are incapable of facing pregnancy and what it means for their later life.

MSME entrepreneurs in running a business are likely to face risks, so that the expected results are not appropriate and the business suffers big losses and even goes bankrupt. MSME entrepreneurs who choose to stick to this commitment are the beginning, which is called the phenomenon of commitment escalation. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The qualitative method was chosen because the research will explore human behavior (that is, why MSME entrepreneurs maintain the experience of experiencing losses), and find motives that are committed to conducting in-depth interviews. The results showed that the increase in MSME commitment was due to several factors such as personal responsibility in the initial business, excessive trust supported by extensive experience, self-esteem (avoiding being considered incompetent) and to protect reputation.

Introduction: The use of prostaglandin preparations with or without oxytocin infusion is widely recognized and accepted as a standard method of induction of labor. It has been shown to reduce induction time and the risk of failed induction. But the use of prostaglandin E2 is quite expensive and is not available in many developing countries. In such cases, misoprostol can also be used as an induction agent. The aim of the study was to assess the rate of successful induction of labor following intra-vaginal administration of misoprostol. Methods: This open clinical trial study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North East Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year and was conducted with a total of 100 patients who were admitted with term pregnancy and unfavorable cervix in the study hospital, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Bishop’s score was significantly raised after 6 hours vaginal misoprostol [4.63 (SD ± 1.17) VS 5.82 (SD ± 1.60); p<0.001]. The mean induction to vaginal delivery time was 14.6 (SD ± 4.6) hours (range 6 to 23 hours); the induction to vaginal delivery time was<12 hours in 44.3% and 12-24 hours in 55.7% cases. The mode of delivery was vaginal in most of the cases (70.0%) and cesarean section was in 30.0% of cases. Fetal distress was the most frequent indication of cesarean section (63.3%), followed by arrested labor (20.0%) and failed induction (16.7%). The maternal obstetric complication was postpartum hemorrhage (3.0%) without any ruptured uterus, tachysystole, hypertonus uterus, or hyperstimulation. The maternal side-effects were nausea or vomiting (5.0%), diarrhea (2.0%), and fever (1.0%). Fetal outcomes were, normal baby (65.0%), APGAR score <7 at 1 min (27.0%), resuscitation needed (27.0%), neonatal unit admission (13.0%), meconium passage (8.0%) and intrauterine Fetal death (diagnosed before induction) (8.0%). Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol seems to be a promising drug for labor induction with a high rate of success. Possible advantages of misoprostol may be the availability, ease of administration, well tolerability, and most notably its dual action in cervical ripening and labor induction. However, future studies focusing on dosing regimens and routes of application are needed.

Demineralization of teeth or caries is a common health problem among pediatric patients. It is a more serious issue among children from low-income households due to their lack of access to proper dental care. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective agent used to treat demineralization, but experiments are being done to replace it with nanosilver fluoride (NSF). The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride varnish in containing demineralization of primary teeth. A systematic literature review method was used. About 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings are conflicting, but most of the reviewed studies confirmed the effectiveness of an agent with nanoparticles compared to all other alternatives, especially SDF. Apart from suppressing microorganisms that cause demineralization at very low concentrations, agents with nanoparticles protect patients from discoloration of teeth and formation stains. Nanosilver fluoride varnish can be used to replace the current alternatives, but the findings should be used with caution since most of the present studies are experimental.

An appraisal of aeromagnetic data lying between latitude 120N to 130N and longitude 4030”E to5030”E comprising Argungu, Dange Tanbuwal and Gumi was carried out with a view to understanding the structural trends of interest for mineral exploration. A set of aeromagnetic data obtained from the Nigerian geological survey Agency was gridded to produce the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map of the study area, followed with a polynomial fitting to remove the regional anomaly from the total magnetic intensity so as to obtain the residual anomaly. The analysis was preceded by production of Shaded relief map depicting the profile of contact solution, shaded relief map of the profile dyke solution as well as magnetic susceptibility values of structures in each profile was analyzed. The result obtained from the profile contact and profile dyke solution showed an abnormal trend behavior which swept from southwest (SW) towards the center and the Northwest (NW) of the study area. The contacts and dyke solutions can be seen as arranged on the profiles, some portions being highly concentrated than other portions as they were arranged on their respective profiles indicating the possibility of much structural bodies or host for potential minerals. This is evident as the case maybe from the depth values obtained in Werner depth analysis performed with corresponding depth values for both Shallow and deeper bodies indicating the presence of geologic contacts and weak zones highlighting dyke-like bodies which might serve as host to the minerally controlled fluid around the area. Likewise results obtained from the magnetic susceptibility values in all the three profiles of the study area showed a number of structures possessing high and low magnetic susceptibility values indicating different types of minerals at different distance along the area at different depths. Minerals such as schist and limestone are likely to be present.