This Article deals with the issue of independence struggle in Africa. Our goal is to show how African freedom-fighters struggled against the colonial system in Africa for independence reasons. Despite the independence they got, they are always confronting the negative impacts of that struggle, not only in political fields but also in economic and social ones. So, from 1960 to the present day, African nationalists are confronting arrestations, imprisonments, accusations, tortures, murders, coups d’états, and so on. Through socio historical approach, we have noticed that the colonial system is always gaining ground in Africa through some strategies.

Companies in digital era face a host of challenges in order to satisfy the need for more and more customized growth and production. However, this development gives both businesses and consumers enormous opportunities. This article presents Industry 4.0's concept based on recent research and practice developments, then analyses the perceptive 4.0 perceptions of Moroccan companies, and then examines whether companies focusing on Industry 4.0 tools are more efficient in terms of productivity by building a quantitative analysis template. The results link innovation to business performance through the use of advanced 4.0 tools.

The study was conducted Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2019. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards use of physical restraints among nurses those working acute In-patient care settings. Participants were Registered nurses who are working in tertiary care centre. Descriptive design was adopted; sample was selected through convenient sampling technique. The inclusion criteria for this study were Registered nurses working in inpatient non-critical areas total of 138 nurses were eligible. The final sample consisted of 125 nurses with 86% response, majorities were females (88.8%). 70% of the participants were between age of 31-40 years. Higher numbers had completed Bachelors in Nursing Bachelors in Nursing. 79% participant’s position as registered nurse III and 54.4% were shift in charge of their units. The mean score on knowledge scale was above average of 26.31 ± 2.60 that indicates good knowledge about use of restraints. Mean score on attitude was 30.57 ± 4.56 and suggest favourable attitudes among the participants towards use of physical restraints. The mean score of practices related to use of restraints was 35.36 ± 2.17. These findings indicate good practice related to use of physical restraints among nurses, with the median Knowledge Score Total being highest in Males. However, there was no significant difference between gender with attitude and practice of the nurses with related use of physical restraints. In relation to designation There was a significant association found between the 3 nurses’ groups in terms of Knowledge Score Total (χ2 = 6.990, p = 0.030), with the median Knowledge Score Total being highest in the Designation: Registered Nurse II group.

Pain assessment is a significant issue in post-operative patients. Surgical ward nurses are responsible to assess and document patient’s pain postoperatively and provide pain medications as per the guidance of physicians. Ward nurses usually underestimate patient’s pain which may delay pain relief and post-operative recovery of surgical patients. Main purpose of this study was to observe the practice of pain assessment and its documentation by nurses in surgical ward of tertiary care hospital. In this study, all adult patients after general surgery, gynecology and orthopedic surgery were included. Patient’s medical records were reviewed to see documentation of static and dynamic pain scores, any rescue analgesia provided and associated complications for first 24 hours postoperatively and recorded in specific data collection form. Total 260 patients were included in this study in which 35.8% were male and 64.2% were female. For post-operative pain relief, PCA (Patient controlled analgesia) was used in 63% of patients and epidural analgesia in 37 % of the patients. As per documentation, 15 patients (5.8%) had moderate pain at rest (static pain) on arrival in surgical ward and 77 patients (29.6%) had moderate pain on movement (dynamic pain) however only seven patients received rescue analgesia on arrival in surgical ward. Post-operative pain assessment and documentation was found appropriate in this study, but significant gaps were observed in postoperative pain relief by surgical ward nurses during first 24 hours.

Background: Over last decade progressive increase in the rate of deliveries by cesarean section, is a cause of major public health concern due to potential maternal and perinatal morbidity. The driving factor leading to steady increase in cesarean delivery is not completely understood and there is lack of consensus on the appropriate cesarean section rate. This study will present the cesarean section rate in primigravida at our institute, indications of cesarean section and associated maternal and fetal morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective study done on primigravida who delivered by cesarean section in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMBT institute of medical sciences & research center during one-year period. Result: The incidence of cesarean section in primigravida in our study was 29.09%. Most common indication of cesarean section in primigravida was fetal distress 39.81%. Amongst 41 cases of cesarean sections done for fetal distress, 33 cases had spontaneous onset of labor, 5 cases were induced with pgE1. Other common indication of cesarean section was cephalopelvic disproportion in 12.62% of cases, oligohydramnios in 11.65% of cases and breech presentation in 9.71% of cases. Most common antenatal high-risk factor was hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in 18.44% of cases. Blood transfusion and postpartum hemorrhage were the maternal morbidities noted in our study. Common cause for NICU admission was respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Standardization of indications of primary cesarean section at tertiary center level is required. So that sequential annual audit of cesarean sections can help to strategize improvement of antenatal care for the reduction of primary cesarean section rate.

This research study was conducted in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri Imo State, precisely at the fertility clinic of the hospital. The copies of the validated questionnaire were administered by the researcher to the respondents at the area of the study. 67 questionnaires were distributed, completed and all collected back. This resulted to a 100% return rate. The process took 4 days. The collected data was analyzed using a descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and mean scores as well as cumulative or cluster mean scores. The frequencies and percentages were used on cluster 1and 3 while mean scores and cluster mean scores were used on cluster 2. The data revealed that 58 respondents representing 86.6% responses majorly agreed that infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular sexual intercourse whereas the rest 9 respondents, representing 13.4% showed different understandings. Also in item No.2, 38 respondents representing 56.7% responses accepted that hormonal imbalance is the most common cause of infertility in females while the remaining 29 respondents or 43.3% response expressed other views. At the same instant 26 respondents or 38.8% responses expressed undescended testis as the most common cause of infertility in men whereas 61.2% responses collectively maintained that either low sperm count, ejaculatory dysfunction or prostate cancers may be the causes of infertility in men. In item No. 4 a total of 36 respondents or 53.7% responses showed that they have never gotten a child of their won while the rest expressed they have one, two or three children of their own respectively. Furthermore, expressing the number of years of infertility experience, 25 respondents representing 37.3% response said they have had 6 to 7years infertility experience whereas the rest said they have had between 0-2years, 3-5 years, and 8years above, infertility experience. In item 6, a total of 49(or 73.1%) response reveals that they have had miscarriages before but 18(or 9%) said No. From statistics, age and gender have significant relationship as far as infertility is concerned. While infertility is seen to occur more in people of the age cohort 30-35 years, it is observed that women are more vulnerable than men.

Modern handball is still evaluated by the criteria of 50 years ago. They are full of the report on the work and preparation of the national women team of Russia in handball for the World Cup 2017 in Germany. A lot of unrelated secondary parameters (height, age, accuracy of shots) can be replaced by a computer version of the upcoming match based on innovative PIRS technology. The basis of the PIRS model is the difference created by the player in the score which is added to the final score of the team. Since you have to play both with your superior opponents (negative difference) and downstream ones (positive difference), then a rating scale is created to display this difference. The rating stability allows you to simulate the upcoming match. The difference in the ratings in one action is converted into the difference of goals scored and conceded in a personal meeting and can be checked for compliance with the actual results obtained. The game consists of a sequence of diverse single combats (> 50 components) that end with a shot. Read more at www.ra-first.com. The balance of the won and lost single combats in each component in each pair of players is converted to the player's rating for this component. The fact of winning single combat isn’t used in the calculation, but its cost does that means the expected change in the score in the case of winning single combat. The player's rating for the game component exponentially falls from the number of single combats in this component in the course of the game. This allows you to pre-allocate the number of single combats in each component so as to win their largest number. Due to the stability of the rating estimation player's ratings for all components can be obtained from the previous match. It is possible to calculate the most favorable arrangement for the team which the greatest number of single combats will be won in based on the distribution of the opponent's activity according to the positions of the players and the components of the game and placement during the match. From the DB the algorithm generates the most advanced combinations in the attack and the most dangerous attacks of the opponent in the defense. The result of the work is the expected maximum possible score of the game which must be on the scoreboard when the players fulfill all the conditions. Existing Instat, Basket-stats, ICEBERG, LONGO Match PRO, FUTSALSTAT, etc. form the headache of a trainer from the statistics of past games. PIRS technology provides already calculated solutions for the best result of the upcoming match. The trainer will not be able to compete with PIRS, since the information pool called handball is too large for one person. Therefore, the resource of the game in matches of different levels is used only by two thirds. Provided 50% of the recommendations are fulfilled, the team will receive 20 - 30% of the points collected additionally. An example of the work is shown at the match of Russia and Poland women teams on the World Cup on February 25, 2017.

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound influence on global society, and the disease's rapid spread has put a strain on the whole health-care system. In the prevention of both primary and secondary infectious illnesses, nursing plays a critical role. The study's goal was to learn about the experiences of nurses in Najran who were caring for Covid-19-affected patients. The research was conducted in the form of a descriptive phenomenology. Methods: The study's participants were purposefully recruited from the target population from the three focus groups that offered direct care to COVID -19 patients, thirty samples were chosen. Data was collected through direct interviews, which included generic questions followed by open-ended questions. The data was analyzed using Collazo's approach for analyzing transcripts. Results: The investigation's conclusions revealed three major themes. Important aspects include the psychological setting, the care cure core context, and the nursing challenges context. The first context emphasized nurses' fear, anxiety, stress, and pressure; the second context emphasized double responsibilities, dealing with infected and non-infected patients, changing the nurse's role, and the patient's psychological reliance; and the third context emphasized a lack of prior knowledge, working in unfamiliar environments, and a shortage of manpower; and the fourth context emphasized a lack of prior knowledge, working in unfamiliar environments, and a shortage of manpower; and the fourth context emphasized. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, nurses working in Covid -19 units, emergency departments, and intensive care units were assigned to provide treatment for a variety of conditions. Nurses continue to provide outstanding patient care despite these limitations. Nurses working in the Covid -19 units, emergency departments, and intensive care units were assigned to offer treatment with a variety of problems, according to the findings of this study. Despite these challenges, nurses continue to offer excellent patient care.

There is need for the investigation into heavy metals and microbial loads in edible aquatic organisms, to evaluate their safety and compliance with standards approved by international regulatory bodies’ which regulates food and water quality. The heavy metals and total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) concentrations in catfish, surface water bodies and sediments collected from the wetlands of Isoko region of Delta State, Nigeria were determined in accordance to standard approved methods. The laboratory results revealed that the lead, cadmium, zinc and THB concentrations in the fish body parts (gills and muscle) sampled were lower, compared with those obtained from sediments samples. The lead concentration was 1.13 mg/kg and 28.01 mg/kg for the water and sediment samples respectively. Cadmium concentration of 0.19 mg/kg and 1.64 mg/kg was recorded for the water and sediment samples respectively. Then the zinc concentration was 0.39 mg/kg in the water sample and 87.17 mg/kg in the sediment samples. In terms of the fish body parts, the results revealed that the zinc, lead, cadmium and THB concentrations in the fish gills were higher, compared to the values recorded in the fish muscle. It was observed that the cadmium concentration in the fish gills and muscle was higher than the maximum allowable limit of 0.17 mg/kg approved by the FAO; while the lead and zinc concentrations in the fish gills and muscle were lower than the maximum allowable limit of 0.5 mg/kg and 67.1 mg/kg respectively, approved by the FAO for edible fish. Finding from this study will be helpful in taking appropriate measures to prevent bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals and microbes in aquatic organisms, to levels above the maximum allowable limits approved by FAO or other regulatory bodies.

Patient satisfaction, which is linked to nursing care, is the cornerstone of good hospital services. As a result, this survey was designed to record inpatients' perceptions of nursing staff and use it as a foundation for future improvement. The current cross-sectional study was carried out in Najran General Hospital, Najran. Data was collected from 135 patients by using the Karen patient perception scale and analysis through statistically. The overall satisfaction level for nursing staff was being good among 56 (41%) and 68 (5%) felt satisfactory level of nursing care and 11 (8%) perceived as low level of nursing care quality. At the p 0.001 level, there was a significant relationship between patients' perceptions of nursing care quality and their age, sex, related illness, and number of hospitalizations. Although overall satisfaction was excellent, six patients expressed dissatisfaction with the atmosphere and one patient expressed dissatisfaction with the hospital's system. The authorities were alerted of the situation in order to take any necessary corrective measures. This was quite beneficial in terms of enhancing patient care.

The study investigated service quality and customer satisfaction in resorts hotels. The primary objective of the study is to examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in resort hotels in the south-east, Nigeria. In line with the purposes of the study, three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The sample size comprised of three hundred and eighty-four (384) adult guests who visited the selected resort hotels in the South-East Region of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used for data collection. Percentages and frequency were used in analyzing demographic information of the respondents, while means and standard deviation were for responses to questionnaire items. Spearman Rank Order Correlation was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that a significant relationship exists between tangibility, reliability, responsiveness dimensions of service quality and customer satisfaction in resort hotels in South-East, Nigeria. The study concludes that when the quality of service is improved in resort hotels, it enhances customer satisfaction. Also, the level of awareness towards the importance and benefits of service quality will put managers of resort hotels to be up and doing to increase customer satisfaction, retention and loyalty. The study, therefore, recommends amongst others that; hotels should always make the first experience of any customer exciting and unforgettable to make the customer wanting to return; Management of hotels should hire enthusiastic employees who would like to deal with the customer nicely and try to solve customer complaints and other issues in an effective manner. This will build the confidence of the customer about the hotel, hence, opening opportunities for more patronage.

Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation establishes a special agency that manages land, namely the land bank agency, which functions to carry out the planning, acquisition, procurement, management, utilization, and distribution of land. The establishment of a land bank in Indonesia has been realized with the issuance of Government Regulation Number 64 of 2021 concerning the Land Bank Agency. Based on this regulation, the Land Bank Agency has a function to distribute land assets owned to realize the economy. With the existence of a land bank, existing interests lead to the community or only the interests of the government to expand assets, especially for equitable distribution of national development. Both internal and external supervision are expected to minimize the behavior of land liberalization, especially the issue of licensing and land use in the context of development which is expected to increase efficiency and strategic utilization in accordance with its designation. The land bank supervision mechanism in the Job Creation Law will provide preventive measures in minimizing the authority over the land bank that will be misused. The distribution of land assets is carried out by the Land Bank based on the activity plan, criteria regarding the land object to be distributed and priority ranking. This is to ensure the accuracy of the target for guaranteeing the provision of land. The distribution for the provision of land for various development purposes must be based on consideration of the interests of the community and regional development.

Foreign bodies may be embedded in the oral cavity either by traumatic injury or iatrogenically. Cases in which a foreign body embedded in the oral cavity due to self-inflictions are uncommon and rarely reported. The discovery of foreign bodies in the teeth is often accidental and is a special situation. Detailed case history, clinical and radiographic examinations are essential to come to a conclusion about the size, nature, location of the foreign body and the difficulty concerned in its retrieval. Such an object may act as a possible source of infection and lead to complications. This case report presented a accidental impaction of self-inflicted foreign body in the form of wire in the maxillary left posterior region.

Cinnamon is a medical herbs tree and all are a member of the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. Cinnamon (Dalchini) is found in the Himalayan region, Ceylon and Malaya. It is used as an aromatic in a variety of medicine and foods. Due to which the food items are very tasty and full of quality. The cinnamon has different types of some physicochemical properties; foreign matter (28.56 % w/w) and total ash (58.2 % w/w) and water-soluble ash (28.3 % w/w) and water-soluble extractive (28.28 % w/w) and loss on drying (47.8 % w/w) and the help of TLC saw and identify that it has the same bioactive compound which has important medical properties and microbial & pathogen examination, which are useful in medicine and important food industries1. Cinnamon contains a variety of important derivatives with acids and it also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties & it reduces the growth of cancer cells2. In physicochemical studies, we get information related to the structural characteristics of cinnamon as well as their physicochemical properties and can use them for our use likes the field of medicines, the field of human health, and food preservation.

Introduction: Managerial style is a function-based personality that reflects the way of administration and behavior. Further, managerial style attaches numerous activities and procedures within the organization, which are based on a set of rules that managers utilized the workforce abilities, which reveals the managing framework rather than the management procedures. However, the managerial style could influence the staff and their presence at work. This study was conducted to explore whether the managerial style influences the nurse’s absenteeism among Saudi nurses working in northern region hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. We enrolled 420 nurses from these 10 hospitals and assessed the influence of different managerial styles on their absenteeism. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the frequencies and proportions. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The study findings revealed nurse's dissatisfaction and a strong feeling of administration shortcomings. Significant differences were found among all the types of organized groups in managerial styles (line of authority, work climate, leadership, communication, employment, decision making, and innovation) with a p-value of <0.05. However, the study results showed that the managerial style supervision did not influence the nurse's absenteeism. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the management does not describe the job duties and responsibilities explicitly do not involve the employee in making decisions. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that an organizational structure needs to be created where lines of authority are defined clearly, employees are involved in the decision-making process, and employees are authorized to make choices about their job duties in a way that is best suitable to them.