Soil damage has been increased the in the few last decades due to human activities, urbanization and other erotic factors. Absorption of water through soil and aerial parts of plants and resource management strategies allow for the conservation of water. While, organic matter playing important role in good soil structure and water holding capacity, promotes water infiltration, and protects the soil from erosion and compaction. The best water conservation practices to be made in order to optimize the water usage as quantity of water reflected to the crops cultivations. Soil restoration increases the chances to minimize the risk of climatic conditions that ultimately helpful for making the soil fertility. In soil, water from different sources absorbed including the rain sources, surface water, ground water and external water sources. Agricultural groundwater sources are also maintained for irrigation and storage of water needed for survival of climatic conditions. Water storage through solar panels also another way for marinating the water balance and also helpful for storage system. Vertical flow CWs (VFs) are more efficient for marinating the water balance in the agricultural land as compared to the horizontal flow.

Bhasma’s are one of the exceptional preparations therapeutically used in Ayurveda and have been used as effective drugs for centuries without any noticeable hazardous effects. Minerals, metals and poisonous herbs are used in Ayurvedic medicine after several processing. Hartala (orpiment) Bhasma (incinerated powder of Arsenic) is one such preparation containing Arsenic as a main ingredient. In present study, critical review of Ayurvedic literature regarding Hartala is described in detail. Several classical texts of Rasa Shastra are reviewed in an attempt to provide the detailed description about Hartala like its Praptisthan (Occurrence), Prayaya (Synonyms), Vargikaran (Classification), Karma (Pharmacological properties), Ashuddha Hartala Dosha, its prativisha (antidote), Shodhana (Purification), Marana (Incineration), Matra (Therapeutic dose), Chikitisiya Prayog (Therapeutic indications), Satvapatana (Extraction), artificial methods of Hartala preparation. It is used only in purified and detoxified condition for the therapeutic purposes as internal as well as external medicine.

Our purpose is to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its relation to various factors among pregnant women in the local population. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care (ANC) in Al Ain Hospital. Participants were screened for urinary incontinence using the International. Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UI Short Form). English and Arabic Versions. Of 105 pregnant women, 49% (n=51) complained of Urinary Incontinence. Stress incontinence being the most common type accounting for 52% women, followed by Urge incontinence with 42%. 50% women reported leaking no more than once a week; in 76% of them the volume was small in amount. Majority (60.4%) of the women reported that incontinence had no or minimum effect on their quality of life.The incidence of incontinence increased with advanced age where 65% of the older age group (> 35 years) complained of UI compared to 42% of the younger age group (≤35 years) (P = 0.027). Urinary incontinence was experience more in multiparous women compared to primiparous (p=0.034). Also, women with multiple vaginal deliveries had more UI compared to Csections (P = 0.012). There was no significant correlation between the presence of UI and other factors such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Urinary tract infections and Constipation. In conclusion, a significant proportion of pregnant women experienced urinary incontinence which was not reported to their primary care providers. Therefore, more education and awareness must be enforced to ensure early detection and management.

Persons with disabilities are important part of human diversity. With increase in population there come various challenges in before disabled people. Their conditions in respect of dignified living are continue to be complicated. Though after constitution of United Nations Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), there come significant changes in respect to the rights of disabled people. This paper tries discussing contemporary laws and its responsiveness towards people with disabilities. It is also dealing with constitutional commitments towards persons with disabilities. The paper concludes despite having laws and polices related to disabilities, there is need to change the societal attitude towards disability. This can be achieved by following the CRPD’s mantra of ‘nothing about us, without us’.

This study aims to examine the effect of Fraud Triangel, and Personal Attitude on the tendency of fraudulent use of SOA funds (a case study in an elementary school in West Cikarang District, Bekasi Regency). The population of this study was 45 public elementary schools in West Cikarang sub-district. Researchers took the entire population as a sample. This research method is a quantitative method. Based on the results of the research and discussion conducted, it can be concluded that the results of the analysis and hypothesis testing indicate that H1 is rejected and H2 is accepted. This finding implies that in general the Fraud Triangel (X1) has no effect on the use of SOA funds (Y) in Elementary School Education institutions, but Personal Attitude (X2) affects the use of SOA funds (Y) in Elementary School Education institutions. The results of the questionnaire illustrate that there is no fraudulent fraud found in the financial statements. This proves the results of the empirical analysis on the Sig value test. Sig. for the effect of Fraud Triangel (X1) on (Y) the use of SOA funds is 3.50 > 0.05 and the t value is 7.39 > t table 3.29, so it can be concluded that H1 is rejected which means there is no influence of Fraud Triangel (X1) on (Y) trend fraudulent use of SOA funds. Based on the results of hypothesis testing that has been carried out, it is found that Personal Attitude (X2) has an effect on the use of SOA funds, this is known from the value of Sig. for the influence of Personal Attitude (X2) on Y the tendency of fraudulent use of SOA funds is 0.005 < 0.05 and the t value is 2.895 < t table 3.295, so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted which means that there is an influence of Personal Attitude (X2) on (Y) the use of funds. SOA. Personal Attitude has a Positive Effect on the use of SOA Funds.

Most people consuming alcohol, weather in moderate or large quantities also take medications which may be a prescription based medicine or a over the counter medications at least occasionally causing serious possible interactions. The aim of our study was to characterize the adverse outcomes associated with alcohol and alcohol interacting medications in patients. A questionnaire survey was conducted for a period of six months in Urban health centre with a sample size of 500. All adult and older adults male patients taking alcohol who were on medication for chronic conditions and male Patients who are of age between 30-75 years were included in the study. Data I0IOthe questionnaire was analyzed using appropriate statical tools. POSAMINO criteria was used to assess the potential alcohol drug interactions. In the study population, 40.8% of participants belonged to age group of 41-50. Majority of 60% participants were consuming alcohol weekly 60% of the study participants were consuming alcohol since past 5-10 years. Sixty percent of the participants do not miss there dose after consumption of alcohol. Almost 60% of the participants were not injured after consumption of alcohol. twenty percent of the participants were having potential alcohol drug interactions with anti diabetics drugs were as 20% of the participants were having potential alcohol drug interactions with anti hypertensive drugs, Our study found considerable alcohol- medication interaction. There is a need for educating the people regarding stopping of alcohol consumption while on medications.

Summary: The management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during pregnancy remains a clinical challenge for oncologists, obstetricians, patients and their families. Although the incidence of AML during pregnancy is low at 1 in 75,000 pregnancies, cancer is the second most common cause of maternal death behind pregnancy-related vascular complications. Due to the small number of patients diagnosed, there are only retrospective reviews and case series to guide complex management decisions. Case Report: A 35-year-old woman presented to our facility at 32 weeks' gestation after being found to have hyperleukocytosis, neutropenia, and anemia during a routine antenatal evaluation. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated a diagnosis of AML. The blast population compromised 93% of the cellular elements.

Background: The tongue is a muscular hydrostat that forms the floor of the mouth, perform functions like mastication, speech, taste and osculation. The tongue is relatively affected by both oral and systemic conditions in all ages and acts as a “mirror” for oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Prevalence of tongue lesions varies due to demographic and/or geographic differences of the sample studied, differences in the diagnostic criteria, methodological approaches, and sampling methods employed. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic distribution of different categories of tongue lesions and their oral presentations. Methods: Information were retrospectively retrieved from Maxillofacial Clinical and Surgical day cases registers. Data such as age, gender; duration of lesion and location of lesions on the tongue and category of lesion were also extracted using relevant descriptive and inference statistics All statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Ninety- two cases were recruited retrospectively from two tertiary centers with a male preponderance of 53.3% (n= 49). The mean age of presentation of tongue lesions in the study is 41.1years  22.4 years, dorsum of the tongue presented the highest number of occurrences of tongue lesions (52.2%). The most common lesions on the dorsum of the tongue in this study are squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), benign migratory glossitis and irritation fibroma. The mean age of presentation for benign lesion is 23years, inflammatory/reactive lesion 44.9years and malignant lesions 51.6years respectively. The mean duration of tongue lesions in our study is 9.1 months (median = 6 months), mean duration of presentation of benign lesions (14.8 months) was longer than that of malignant lesions (6.4 months). The association between duration and category of lesion is statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Delayed clinical presentation by patients and patronage of unorthodox traditional doctors contribute to the overtly increased incidence of oral malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa; this coupled with improper or lack of accurate record keeping may have also culminated in this increased prevalence of oral malignancies. All tongue surfaces can be affected, gender predilections for any of the surfaces is yet to be affirmed by any study however aging is related to malignant occurrences.

The primary goal of every investigation is to find out the actual truth of any fact and prove or disprove any allegations with the help of scientific evidence according to the law. This case study is an excellent example to understand the crime scene investigation for forensic and law enforcement professionals, especially in the burning cases. The background of the present case is that one 18-year-old girl was admitted to a Government hospital in West Bengal, India, with 68% burns injuries at night. The hospital authorities informed the police about the matter. Accordingly, the local police rushed to the hospital and recorded the statement of the victim girl. A case was registered by the police against the unknown miscreant in the local police station on the basis of the statement of the victim girl. Three days later the victim girl died from his injuries. The case was amended under section 302 Indian Penal Code. On requisitioned by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, a forensic team under the leadership of the author (TKMukherjee) visited and examined the crime scene and unearths the actual truth.

The purpose of this study is to addresses overview of AI and its use within Indonesian law. The discussion aims to be nuanced while also being understandable to those who do not have a technical background and to investigate AI's application relating to the formation of Indonesian laws. This study is a qualitative study. Indonesian regulations only apply to individuals and legal entities that are legally recognized legal subjects. AI is not intelligent in the sense of human cognition, nor intelligent thinking machines. AI is the ability to train computer how to do specific task. The role of the state in providing legal protection should be defined. This legal protection is required to provide legal certainty to the AI user community, both through AI-specific laws and regulations, as well as special institutions authorized to oversee the use of AI in Indonesia.

Odontomas are common occurrences in the oral cavity and can be classified as complex or compound. Compound odontomas are rare and present in the extra-osseous soft tissues. In this case, the odontoma led to the impaction of permanent teeth, due to which removal of the lesion was advised.

Coronavirus disease caused by SARS – CoV–2, is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Knowledge and awareness about risk factors, symptoms, screening methods and therapeutic methods reduces the mortality and morbidity. To determine the knowledge, awareness and attitude about COVID–19 in urban and rural areas of north Karnataka. A prospective questionnaire survey was conducted for a period of six months in urban and rural areas of north Karnataka, with a sample size of 316. All above 18 years and above were included in the study. Data from the questionnaire was analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Out of 316 participants, 40% were 21 – 30 age of participants compared to other age groups, 52.8% of participants were under higher secondary and above educational status, 52.4% participants were found to be allergic and 45.6% are non- allergic, 65.5% are from urban and 34.5% from rural, 69.9% individuals were attending educational programmes, 58.9% were employed. Almost 73.1% were considered to have knowledge about curability of Covid-19. 73.7% had knowledge about pneumonias a risk factor of Covid-19.71.8% had knowledge about common symptom dry cough as a Covid-19. 74.1% had knowledge about immune boosting as a preventive measure of Covid-19.The knowledge and level of awareness is seen in most of the participants. There is need of developing effective interventional programmes to educate people about Covid-19. These will promote better outcome.

Soil communities, the microorganisms, are the initial and primary recipients of hydrocarbons or any xenobiotics incidented on the soil. This study evaluated the biology of soil organisms, ex-situ; the hydrocarbonclastics and non-hydrocarbonclastics, following an exposure to spent engine oil. The result demonstrated that at low and moderate contaminations of 1.5 and 2.5% w/w, hydrocarbons reduced the microbial population from control, 1.28 x109 cfu, to 3.42 x108 and 3.06 x 108cfu on week one respectively. However, at increased contaminations of 3.5% w/w, hydrocarbons from large oil spills weaken microbial ability to degrade the added hydrocarbons as the prejudicial nature reduced the population to 1.62 x 108cfu on week one. Overall, across the weeks, there was insurgence of hydrocarbon-degrading organisms, the hydrocarbonclastics, which on the other hand induced a limitation in microbial diversity. The isolated hydrocarbonclastic microorganisms in the descending order of their biodegradation potentials are: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Arthrobacter, Alealigena, Corynebacter, Flavo-bacterium, Archromobacter, Micrococcus, Norcardia and Myco-bacterium. Thus within the ecosystem they devised metabolic diversity with increased catabolic properties primarily aimed at biodegrading the xenobiotics; making them hydrocarbonclastic organisms.

This study presents the structural reliability of steel plates on offshore platforms exposed to corrosion during their design period and beyond. The reliability-based design of steel plates exposed to corrosion was carried out with First Order Reliability Method coded in a computer based program, (FORM 5) and a Finite element method in a software (ABAQUS). The rate of corrosion of the steel plates was determined using a standard expression for extreme marine environment. From the results obtained using FORM 5, the safety indices ranged from 1.18 to 11.0, and a non-linear relationship exist between safety indices and thickness for different parameter variations. However, it was also noted that the design formulation is robust enough to exceed the design life prediction in the code by about 20% of the current prediction.

Background: Refugees and internally displaced children are often fed food with a low nutritional value or high in carbohydrates, predisposing them to a relatively higher risk of dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status among a group of refugees and displaced children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among (172), 3–13-year-old children (59 boys (34.3%) and 113 girls (65.7%) from in Almoshama camp for displaced and refugees coming from different areas of Sudan and outside Sudan. The participants were selected by non-probability sampling technique based on convenient accessibility and availability of children from friendly child spaces in the camp. Dental caries was assessed by dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent teeth, while periodontal status was assessed by community periodontal index (CPI). Comparison between different non-parametric data was done by Chi-Squire test and parametric data by student T-test, with the level of statistical significance difference set at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among the participants was 33.3%. The mean ±SD dmft score was 2.28±1.77 and the DMFT score was 1.63±1.51. A statistically significant difference in mean DMFT between different age groups (P=0.004) and between boys and girls (P-0.03). While the mean CPI was 0.73. Almost half of the participants had periodontal diseases (54.1%) of whom 37.2% had gingival problems, 14.5% calculus, and only 2.32% have pocket problems. Conclusions: High prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal diseases among Refugees and internally displaced children living in Almoshama camp in West Kordofan, Sudan. Emphasis on motivation in oral health promotion campaigns and provision of primary health care services among those vulnerable groups is paramount.