Primigravidae are at increased risk of complications during pregnancy and labour. These risks of complication associated with Primigravidae if not properly anticipated and managed promptly can result in increased morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the baby. The aim of the study was to determine the pregnancy outcome among Primigravida at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital. The specific objectives were to determine the complications encountered among the primigravida and to determine the association between some complications and pregnancy outcome. This was a retrospective study from 1st Jan.2017 - 31st dec.2021. The case records of all primigravidae who delivered at UDUTH within the study period were reviewed. There were 130 cases of primigravida managed during the 5-year study period. Among which 99 case notes were retrieved giving a retrieval rate of 76%. The majority of cases were between the ages of 20-30 years and 31-40 years (30.3% and 37.4% respectively). Most of the cases were Hausa/Fulani (74.7%). Majority were Muslims and 45.5% had secondary education. Majority of the cases (73.1%) had caesarean section and 22.2% had vaginal delivery. The most encountered pregnancy complication among them was preeclampsia/eclampsia in 29.6% of the cases. This is followed by post-dated pregnancy (9.4%) then breech presentation at term (13.3%). Majority of the participants that had preeclampsia and post-dated pregnancy ended up with caesarean section. There was significant association between the complication of preeclampsia and post-dated pregnancy with the mode of delivery (p < 0.001).

This linguistic study descriptively analyzes the nativized Hispanic borrowed words in Cebuano Visayan. A lexical analysis of the morphemic structures of words is undertaken in order to investigate the language nativization. The textual source of the analysis is the editorial from Superbalita-Cebu with the title: “Masanta nang Badlungon”. The words are examined as to lexical categories, English equivalents, root words, Spanish equivalents, and nativization. After an in-depth lexical analysis of the morphemic structures of words from the textuality as supported by the theory of phylogenetic change through linguistic borrowing, the following are the findings: (1) The Hispanic borrowed words in the Cebuano Visayan editorial are twelve nouns, three verbs, and three adjectives. (2) All twelve nouns borrowed from Spanish exemplify linguistic acculturation through lexical nativization. (3) The three verbs borrowed from Spanish words reveal nativized spellings and all are added with nativized affixes. (4) The three adjectives borrowed from Spanish change their orthography and native Cebuano Visayan affixes are added. Moreover, based on the findings, it concludes that Hispanic words borrowed in Cebuano Visayan are acculturated through lexical nativization. Hence, this study recommends that a historical and exploratory study be made to the nativized Hispanic borrowed words in Cebuano Visayan to trace back on its origin which will give a better insight to why such word is born and continues to be used.

Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety. It can affect anyone from elementary students up to doctoral research candidates. Most of us experience some degree of stress or anxiety before taking an exam. However, when this distress becomes so excessive that it interferes with performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety.

With the growing number of special needs children in the society due to the prevailing economic, societal and family problems, there is urgent need for the full adoption and enforcement of the education law of the child right act in Nigeria. This study is an attempt to empirically analyze the effects of parental influence on the choice of career among higher secondary students with regards to the child right act. The study evaluated and analyzed the basic theories of the child right act relative to parental control in career choice. The thorough review and use of secondary information sources was adopted for methodology. Thus it was revealed that parental involvement in their children‘s career options significantly influenced their achievement. Based on the finding, it was concluded that academic and career achievement of the child fundamental to the child right and is likely to be high if parents‘ careful attention and assistance to their children are there. It was recommended that parents‘ regular attention and advice at home should be aligned with the child right to facilitate achievement.

The research with the title development of pesantren tahfidz to support Indonesia gold in 2045 aims to develop some aspects of pesantren tahfidz, there are eight priority aspects than used as clusters, namely: organization, leadership, curriculum, teacher, student, financing, networking and information and technology, then there are twenty three sub-aspects used sub-clusters, namely: organizational culture, organizational structure, regeneration, charismatic, collective, authoritarian, integrated, curriculum 2013, mu'adalah curriculum, competence, qualification, literacy, character, intelligent, religious, tolerant, charity pesantren resources, donations from external parties, trust building, potential development, e-learning, e-tools, e-library. This study uses a qualitative method, by conducting observations, interviews and literature review. Then the findings are processed using the Analytic Network and Process method with super decision software. The results of this study are the pesantren tahfidz model that can support Indonesia gold in 2045 based on the priority value (1) organizational cluster with organizational culture sub-cluster is the most dominant aspect with an average value of 17%. (2) the leadership cluster becomes the second aspect with a collective leadership sub-cluster with a score of 11% (3) on the third priority, namely the development of human resources, especially teachers from the aspect of teacher literacy with a value 9%.

This paper aims at examining the theme “River Basin as a geomorphic units and Environmental Challenges associated with its development in Nigeria”. It also examined the environmental problems associated with harnessing their resource potentials in Nigeria. The paper also highlighted a brief history of river basins development in Nigeria, as well as their importance as a geomorphic planning unit. It also attempted a general overview of the problems associated with the development of this unique geomorphic unit. The paper thus advances some deliberate and aggressive environmental management strategies that can provide sustainable environmental management solutions. These strategies can mitigate and ameliorate the challenges associated with its development for the present generation and for posterity, with a view to ensuring a healthy environmental sustainability plan is achieved.

Background: Human fetal medical biomonitoring, including that of fetal carboxyhemoglobin (fCOHb) had never been performed in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria irrespective of the devastating environmental pollution in the region. Aim: The goals of the study were to establish the severity of fetal impact on maternal exposure to CO in the first trimester of pregnancy in the Niger Delta by quantifying the levels of fetal fCOHb and to assess the impact of maternal demographic, social and obstetric characteristics on it. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study which was carried out at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Nigeria. 490 consecutive pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited from the antenatal clinic from January 2021 to January 2022. Gestational age was estimated with the aid of an ultrasound scan. Demographic, social and obstetric characteristics were taken. fCOHb concentrations were measured with the aid of a smokerlyser. Data was analyzed, using SPSS version 25.0 (Armonk, NY) software. Ethical approval was obtained from the RSUTH Ethics Committee. Results: The mean value of fCOHb concentration ± SD was 0.93±0.72%. There were statistically significant differences in its values in different age categories (t=2.742, p<0.019), educational levels (t=2.328, p<0.020), BMI (t=5.545, p<0.0001), gravidity (t=6.447, p<0.0001) and parity (t=2.833, p<0.038). Paradoxically, the differences in its levels in the groups namely, smoking habits and drinking status, were not statistically significant. Out of the total 490 participants, 331(67.60%) had fetuses with mild impact from CO exposure (fCOHb= 0.28 to 0.85%), 125 (25.51%) – moderate impact (fCOHb = >0.85 to 1.70%) and 34 (6.90%) had severe impact (fCOHb = >1.70% and above). There were statistically significant differences in the severity of fetal impact in association with different maternal characteristics namely age groups (X2=26.687, p<0.003), maternal alcohol intake (X2=18.866, p<0.0001), gravidity (X2=37.819, p<0.0001), parity (X2=12.098, p< 0.047) and BMI (x2=19.409; p<0.013) but there was no pattern in the directions of the differences except for BMI which showed significant positive correlation (r=0.214, p=0.0001) due mainly to maternal weight (r=0.181, p<0.0001). There was a paradoxical finding of 3 smokers having only mild impact. Conclusion: The mean value of fCOHb concentration ± SD 0.93±0.72% and the 3 degrees of fetal impact on exposure to CO were significantly affected by demographic, social and obstetric characteristics but there was no pattern in their effect except for BMI where a positive correlation was established.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of ethanolic stem bark extract of Persea americana on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each. They were treated with ethanolic extract of Persea americana (except the control group) for a period of 21days. Group1 received distilled water. Group2 received 200mg/kg of the extract and Group3 received 400mg/kg of the extract. The administration was done for 21days. At the end, the rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS software version 21. The result showed that, there was no significant difference in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein when test groups were compared to control. There was a significant decrease in serum very low density lipoprotein level in Group3 (400mg/kg) when compared to Group1 (Control). There was no significant alteration in glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. There was a significant difference in malondialdehyde level (a decrease). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Persea americana stem bark exhibited slight hypolipidemic effect because of the significant reduction in Very Low Density Lipoprotein. Also, the extract showed a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde at low dose, which shows that Persea americana may have an anti-oxidative property.

Background and objective: we conducted this study to find out the important relationship between time-management skills and physician career satisfaction and explore the importance of utilizing strategies that promote efficient time management. Methods: In this cross-section study, used a self-designed and validated questionnaire. The current study was conducted during a series of workshops, in CMH Lahore Medical College & IOD from August-October 2021. Participants were, no prerequisite knowledge, skills, or resources were required for the workshop. Results: A total of 157 participants were enrolled for a workshop and 155 participants fill the questionnaire completely so the response rate was 98.72%. Questionnaire, Cronbach’s Alpha value was 0.78 male participants were 60 (38%) and females 96 (61.4%). The age average was 25-39 years. Most participants are demonstrators/lecturers/registrars. About 77 (49%) of the physician’s sleep duration was normal hours and 78 (51%) complain to insomnia. Only 67 (43.9%) physicians give family time properly but 88 (56.4%) spend less than 4 hours with their families. Doctors spend less time on their smart devices 16 (10.3%) spend more than 2 hours/day. Very few physicians do their favorite hobby or any physical activity daily. Conclusion: Physicians are not good time managers, its means their patients are kept waiting, they get stressed, their work becomes less enjoyable, stress can build, they lose their sense of humor and they lose valuable time for family, exercise, and sleep, insignificantly different across gender, age, experience and entering qualification.

Phenibut is an anxiolytic and nootropic drug, discovered in the Soviet Union used to treat several psychiatric disorders. Currently it is available online as supplement. The case report highlights the abuse potential of phenibut, with the associated clinical presentation of intoxication, withdrawal, and relapse, as well as the use of baclofen as a potential treatment of phenibut withdrawal.

This study investigated the effects of hydromethanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some male reproductive functions in Cadmium chloride (Cdcl2) toxicity-induced male Wistar rats. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups (6 rats each) as follows: Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (positive control) which received 5mg/kg CdCl2, Groups 3 and 4 received 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of extract and 5mg/kg CdCl2 respectively. Duration of extract administration was 30 days, while males were co-habited with females in the last 10 days of the study to determine fertility index. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed following light chloroform anaesthesia, while samples were collected for analysis. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins, triterpenoids and cardenolide; and the analysis of data was by SPSS version 23. The analysed result indicated that the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in FSH and testosterone levels. The percentages of viable sperm cells, sperm cells with normal morphology and actively motile sperm cells as well as sperm count were significantly increased. In addition, the fertility index in the rats that received higher dose (400mg/kg) of the extract was significantly increased. Conclusively, extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius mitigated against Cdcl2 induced toxicity in some reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats.

There are many dermatoses that can affect the genital area. These may be isolated genital conditions or signs of a general cutaneous disorder. Genital dermatoses can be classified as physiologic variants, and inflammatory, neoplastic, or infectious in etiology. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease, which has a prevalence of about 3% with genital involvement, reported in 29% a 40% of patients. Although the diagnosis of genital psoriasis can be aided by the presence of classic psoriatic plaques on the body, the penis may be the only affected region. In uncertain cases, a skin biopsy can lead to diagnosis. Initial management should consist of mild topical corticosteroids with increasing potency titrated to effect or topical calcineurin inhibitors. Systemic therapy with disease modifying small molecules or biologic drugs may be considered when disease is particularly bothersome, widespread, or unresponsive to conservative approache. This article provides a broad overview for dermatologists in addressing the Psoriasis wich is placed on. Recommendations for diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and appropriate follow-up are discussed.

Background: In the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, human medical biomonitoring, including that of maternal Carboxyhemoglobin (MCOHb) had never been performed irrespective of the devastating environmental pollution in the region. Aim: The goals of the study were to quantify the impact of maternal exposure to CO in the first trimester of pregnancy in the core Niger Delta by measuring MCOHb concentrations and to assess the effect of maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics on the impact. Material and methods: The study was of cross-sectional design carried out at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Nigeria. 490 consecutive pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited from the antenatal clinic from January 2021 to January 2022. Gestational age was estimated with the aid of an ultrasound scan. Demographic, social and obstetric characteristics were taken. MCOHb concentrations were measured with the aid of a smokerlyser. Data was analyzed, using SPSS version 25.0 (Armonk, NY) software. Ethical approval was obtained from the RSUTH Ethics Committee. Results: The mean value of MCOHb concentration was 1.15±0.40% Out of the 490 patients that were assessed, 461(94.08%) had mild impact from CO exposure (MCOHb= 0.78-1.5%), 18 (3.67%) – moderate impact (MCOHb = 1.75-2.23%) and 11 (2.24%) had severe impact (MCOHb = 2.39% and above). Moderate and severe impact were most prominent in women of 25-29 and 35-39 years of age respectively at which they occurred in 11 out of 145 (7.59%) and 7 out of 103 women (6.80%) respectively and the differences at various age groups were statistically significant [X2=23.119, p<0.010, 95%CI (0.038,0.046)]. The differences in the severity of maternal impact among women with different BMI classes were statistically significant [X2=56.707, p<0.001, 95%CI (0.001,0.001)] with those with class III BMI most likely to have severe impact [4(22.22%) out of 18 patients]. There was inverse relationship between parity and the severity of the impact of CO exposure but the differences at various parity groups were not statistically significant [X2=10.580, p<0.012, 95%CI (0.101,0.113)]. There was also a paradoxical finding of 3 smokers having only mild impact. Conclusion: The mean value of MCOHb was 1.15±0.40. Mild, moderate and severe impact from maternal CO exposure was established with the moderate and severe impacts more prominent at maternal ages of 25-39 years, at higher BMI and at lower parity.

Case summary: A 19-year-old Saudi male morbidly obese patient (BMI 48 kg/m2). The patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy 5 months ago and cholecystitis 1 month ago. The patient presented to our emergency department (ER) with all limb numbness in the last 3 weeks, difficulty walking, blurred vision, headache, and nausea for the last week. The patient was diagnosed with Wernicke encephalopathy based on his symptoms, physical signs, and classical MRI brain findings. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery can complicate Wernicke encephalopathy, associated with thiamine deficiency. Prophylactic thiamine supplements can prevent the subsequent bariatric WE condition.

Introduction: Several plants have been proven useful as antioxidant agents as a result of the abundance of bioactive substances embedded in the plant. Eugenia uniflora is a medicinal plant popular in the tropics where it is applied in traditional medicine practice for treatment of some illnesses but most of its acclaimed therapeutic effects have not been scientifically proven. Aim: The present study is aimed at assessing the testicular antioxidative and some biochemical effects of Eugenia uniflora in male Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I which served as the negative control received distilled water while group II (positive control) received 5 mg/kg Lead. Group III received 200 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead, while Group IV received 400 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead and the animals in Group V received 800 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead. Administration was by oral gavage. At the end, the testes were harvested for analysis of testicular parameters. Result: The result showed a decrease in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) while Glutathione reductase (GSH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities increased in some groups of animals treated with the extract and lead. The testicular total cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased while the testicular protein level was not significantly affected in animals treated with the extract and lead when compared to the lead only group.