Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a type of mycorrhizal that is in symbiosis with most plants. AMF symbiotic association provides many benefits for plants such as to help the nutrient absorption, especially phosphor, survival in drought conditions. Bacteria that can increase the growth and development of mycorrhizae is known as Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB). The aim of pot experiment was to analyze the quality of the inoculum on mycorrhizal propagation enriched with the addition of MHB. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design to test three treatments of MHB liquid formula in the AMF propagation. The MHB liquid formula consisted of Pseudomonas diminuta, Bacillus subtilis, and a mixture of both isolates and controls (sterilized distilled water). The results revealed that mycorrhizal propagation using MHB increased the colonization of maize root and population of P. diminuta and B. subtilis in the mycorrhizal inoculum. Significant sporulation of Glomus spp. and bacterial population were increased by MHB inculation were also observed.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignant tumor, characterised by clinical polymorphism and local agressivity. In spite of the surgery and the radiotherapy, the forecast remains reserved in the long term.

Aspergillosis of the nasal and paranasal sinuses is recognized as being second to candidiasis, among opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. However, invasive variant in normal and mildly immunocompromised hosts is a very rare occurrence. We report a new observation of nasal sinus aspergillosis in its pseudotumoral form.

Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) is exceedingly rare and poorly documented; it is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm comprised of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, are classified as parameningeal and non-parameningeal forms. These are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the children, adolescents and young adults. Their etiopathogenesis and its molecular relevance have been emphasized. The first line of treatment is radical excision and this is usually supplemented by radiotherapy. It is believed that adjunct combination chemotherapy may greatly improve the prognosis. Inadequately treated tumours grow in an infiltrative manner and recur in a high percentage of cases. Bone does not constitute an effective barrier to the growth of the tumour and bone invasion is a frequent finding in head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas.

Different types of microbes playing important role in soil fertility, increase the food production both agricultural and economical point of view. Plant activities such as phytoremediation efficiency in the form root symbiosis formation by assisting the removal the toxic metals for the formation of rhizosphere. Once the pathogen enters into the plants through different routes, different immune responses elicited as plants show a variety of immunological behavior as a result of microbial attack. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria most commonly beneficial for promoting the plant growth as a result of nutrients uptake by plant and readily available to the nodule formations. Many of the green algae also involved in making the beneficial relationship to the microbes. These are blue-green algae and a host of other beneficial microorganisms. Fungi also show the symbiotic association with different plants mostly in hyphae formation. For example, the chitin-derived lipo-chitooligosaccharides. Transferring the some characters from plants and microbes to the different organisms helpful to establish the relationship among various food chain animals.

Microbes playing important role in progression of infectious diseases. Bacterial attack on the nervous and respiratory cells undergoes metabolic pool. Different types of fungi also causing the infections once the attack on the human body. These pathogenic fungi are Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum sense an increase in temperature. Gut microbiome also playing important roles in the brain function and behavior by causing the several neurological disorders. These symptoms can be seen in epilepsy and in response to seizure interventions. Different amino acids have been used as a source of bacterial nutrition for example, tryptophan as one of the essential amino acid playing important role in catalyzing the different reactions in body. Riboswitches are the regulatory sequences that can bind to the active target molecules in order to regulate the gene expression of most of gens causing the abnormal response. Chloramphenicol is the drug that is used to control the infections caused by bacteria as it the broad spectrum antibiotic and can target broad range of bacterial strains.

The healthcare literature contains several examples and uses of interactive videoconferencing as a consultation tool for remote clinics, or for the education of students in distant locations. However, no systematic review was conducted to evaluate the influence of videoconferencing technology as an educational tool for Dental Healthcare Personnel (DHCP). Thus, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of employing videoconferencing on the learning outcomes of DHCP or dental students, as well as to explore the future prospect of implementing this tool in Saudi Arabian context. The search strategy included 11 electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL full text, ScienceDirect and PubMed plus manual and grey literature searches of any relevant study in English language up to January 2018 after assessing the eligibility of the full-text article based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 671 studies, 17 were eligible to be included in the review. The majority of the selected literature (11 studies) was of moderate quality, while four studies were considered as being high quality and the last two were located in the poor quality category. Most of the included studies were mixed qualitative studies (12 studies) and the remaining were quantitative studies (5 studies). This review shows a positive learning impact of videoconferencing on DHCP. As, no financial or infrastructure issues are encountered, this technology seems promising with the potential in Saudi Arabian dental education, providing that leaders of Ministry of Health (MOH) and Dental Schools of Saudi Arabia can be convinced to use it.

Background: Placenta previa is a disorder which happens during pregnancy when the placenta is abnormally placed in the ‘lower uterine segment’, covers the cervix. The increasing trends of cesarean delivery rate causes a marked increase in abnormally invasive placenta over the past decades. We are in need of more research-based data regarding possible complications of placenta previa in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to assess the neonatal and maternal complications of placenta previa. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from April 2020 to March 2021. In total 87 placenta previa cases whose singleton deliveries took place at the mentioned hospital during the first year of the study were selected as the study subjects for analysis. For data cleaning, the coded-data were entered into EPI Info version 3.5. The cleaned data were exported to SPSS version 25 and analyzed. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: In this study, in analyzing the maternal complications we observed, ‘hospital stay ≥14 days, ‘anemia’, ‘blood transfusion ≥2 and ‘PPH (Post-partum hemorrhage)’ were the most frequent maternal complications. Those 4 major complications were found in 36.78%, 29.89%, 24.14% and 21.84% cases respectively. On the other hand, ‘admission to NICU’, ‘dead babies’, ‘APGAR score at 1 min <7, and ‘low birth weight’ were found as the 4 most frequent neonatal complications in this study. Those 4 major complications were found in 22.99%, 21.84%, 13.79% and 12.64% cases respectively. Conclusion: Women with placenta previa should be considered as caring high risk and compatible blood should always be ready for such cases before considering caesarian section. Family planning should also be emphasized as a strategy to reduce of parity, caesarean section rate and possibilities of placenta previa. Strategies and protocols should be settled to reduce the rate of CS (caesarean section) and senior staffs and proper instruments have to be involved in the management of cases of placenta previa.

This paper analyzes the identity crisis of the protagonist James in Everything I Never Told You, explores the contributing factors to his failure to blend in American mainstream society and examines the aftermath of his failure.

Icacinia manni or false yam grows in both tropical and temperate regions. Use of its tuber as a replacement for energy content in animal and bird feeds is being advocated. Studies show it impairs reproductive function in male rats. Possible ameliorating effect of vitamins C and E is considered in this study since oxidative stress is common metabolic pathway for many tissue dysfunctions. Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly placed into five groups of five/rats each viz control, low dose Icacinia manni, high dose Icacinia manni, high dose Icacinia manni + vitamin C and high dose Icacinia manni +vitamin E groups. Rats had free access to rat feeds and water. Animals were anaesthesized, blood samples collected and testes harvested for evaluation of relevant parameters after 28 days of treatment. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results showed decreased testosterone in low dose, high dose and high dose + vitamin C groups compared with control (p<0.05 each) but increased in high dose + vitamin E compared with high dose groups (p<0.05). Total sperm counts were reduced in all extract treated groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control. Sperm motility was decreased in all extract administered groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but higher in high dose + vitamin C (p<0.05) compared with low dose group and in the high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E groups compared with the high dose extracts group (p<0.05 each). Wobbling rate increased in all extract-administered groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control and decreased in the high dose + vitamin C (p<0.05) compared with high dose group. Beat cilia frequencies decreased in all extract-administered (p<0.05) compared with control. Sperm linearity was decreased in all extract-treated groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control and reduced in the high dose, high dose + vitamin C and high dose + Vitamin E (p<0.05) compared with low dose groups but increased in the high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p<0.05) compared with high dose groups. Velocity of active path reduced in both low and high dose extract groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but increased in high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p>0.05 each) compared with the low and high dose groups. Normomorphology was reduced in the low and high dose groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but increased in high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p<0.05 each) compared with low and high dose extracts groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Icacinia manni impairs male reproductive function in a dose-related matter with co-administration of vitamin C or E ameliorating some of the parameters almost at the same rate.

Acidity of α-aryl protons leads to organolithium substitution which actually effects the carbon linked covalently compounds, oxygen, hydrogen, Benz organic compounds and other carbon containing compounds which have carbides, cyanides and carbonates. Chemical solvents are necessary for initialization of chemical reaction in the industry when they react with one another. Organic chemicals are basically manufactured from coal and alcohol in the fermentation industry and they can also be originated from petroleum and natural gas source. Quinones are chemical compounds with aromatic rings and have two ketone substitutions. These compounds are highly reactive and ubiquitous in nature. Removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbon containing hydroxyl group produces an alcohol and it is represented by ROH simply it is called as methanol or methyl alcohol. Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds have major role in medicinal chemistry and they play a vital role in the formation of medicines. Silver fluoride reaction such as C-H fluorination reaction produces vicinal position for pyrinides and pyridines which is substitute for nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds. Sulfinate esters are valuable products and have significant role in structure of medicinal chemistry.

There are varieties of paradigms for testing software systems with the aim of uncovering faults and improving the quality of software products. One of the popular paradigms is model-based testing paradigm, where system’s behaviours are captured and denoted in a model for adequate abstract representation. Evidence has shown that automated testing can incredibly improve the testing efficiency. Central to such test automation is the use of appropriate testing tools. With the existence of a wide spectrum of software testing tools, it is difficult to decide which of the tools to choose and where to start the testing processes. It should be noted that irrespective of how similar the operational processes of software tools are; they are distinct in their respective overall composition. In order to make a choice of which tool is most appropriate to suit a system testing requirements, tester needs to understand some vital information related to the candidate tools such as availability, ease of use, programming skills needed, language and platform support, among others. In this paper, some of the most popular model-based testing tools on the market, both open source and commercial, are analyzed. The promising future of model-based testing is also proposed. This survey will help software testers, beginners or experts, to lay their hands on the appropriate model-based testing tools.

The independence of prosecutors is a crucial component in the fight against corruption. Accordingly, a robust rule of law system and the application of anti-corruption laws require that prosecutors be free from any undue external pressure. Independence here means it should not be subordinated to the executive or any other state bodies. To avoid undue instructions, it is essential to develop a catalogue of such guarantees of non-interference in the prosecutor’s powers in order to ensure that their activities in trial procedures are free from external pressure. Such guarantees should cover appointments, discipline, career, removal from office and specific rules of management of cases and decision-making process. This must be complemented by an adequate remuneration, budgetary, financial, internal and external independence. In Cameroon, the hierarchical subordination system of the Prosecution Service exists, with the Minister of Justice playing a crucial role in its functioning. This paper holds that the way it is practiced hinders the Legal Department from effectively combatting corruption, because prosecution may only be engaged in certain cases after instructions have been received. This system, to an extent, justifies the alarming rate of active corruption cases which are committed with impunity, even to the knowledge of the Prosecution. This research, which investigated the institution of an independent prosecution service in Cameroon as an effective anti-corruption mechanism, recommends the abolition of the principle of hierarchical subordination, or that it should be regulated and instructions should be limited only to the general application of the criminal policy. To conduct this research, a qualitative research methodology was adopted and a doctrinal method used. We essentially relied on desk research wherein we examined the primary and secondary data on the Prosecution Service.

Ascariasis, a worldwide common parasitic disease, caused by ascaris lumbricoidesaffecting mainly the small intestine. This worm could invade the gallbladder and be responsible of an acute cholangitis. Our case report describes this particular condition in which our patient of 23 years old had his gallbladder invaded with Ascariasis and in which the Bili-MRI showed spectacular images. We choose to call it ‘Christ sign’.

The study examined management of retirees’ skills as correlate of national security and development: a case study of Rivers State. The study utilized simple random sampling method to select 170 retirees in Rivers State. The “Management of Retirees’ Skills Scale (MRSS) and National Security and Development Scale (NSDS) were used for collection of data for the study. The instrument items were designed and validated by the researcher. The reliability coefficients of Management of Retirees’ Skills Scale and National Security and Development Scale are 0.82 and 0.81 respectively. The findings of the study revealed that retirees’ entrepreneurial skills to a high extent contribute to national security and development in Rivers State by 67.8%. Retirees’ in-service training skills contribute to a high extent to national security and development in Rivers State by 65%. Also, the finding revealed that there is a very strong significant relationship between management of retirees’ skills and national security and development in Rivers State. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that institutions or employers should make a deliberate effort to invest in their employees through entrepreneurship programmes to equip the workers with relevant skill for post-retirement. By so doing, knowledge held by these retirees could be shared and leveraged in a number of key ways to help the local, state and federal government address the root cause of human security such as persistent poverty, unemployment, epidemics, lack of access to basic health care, environmental degradation, terrorism, lack of rule of law and justice.