Objective: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through the high-efficient, cost-effective green and facile process, using the Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link extract as a bio-reduction and capping agent at room temperature. Methods: The greenly synthesized AgNPs were subjected to UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analyses. Results: The surface plasmon resonance found at 410 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR analysis was carried out to identify possible biomolecules responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions. Furthermore, the crystallographic structure was confirmed by XRD and the average particle size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was calculated which was found to be 36 nm. Conclusion: This study exhibits one step innovative green approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from L. aspera plant extract. The method stands out primarily because it is eco-friendly and advantageous over conventional physical and chemical methods.

Research is one of the means by which we seek to discover the truth. It is based upon the tacit assumption that the world is a cosmos whose happenings have causes and are controlled by forces and relationships that can be expressed as laws and principles. Discovery of these controls of nature provides us with a hunting license to search for ways of controlling our environment. To search for truth in a scientific way research methodology provides principles to refine our common beliefs through research activity that establishes rules of logical and appropriate reasoning. In order to apply the scientific research methodology properly in research work, the researcher must have a clear basic concept of research methodology & methods that will ensure to find potential research results. This paper deals with the conceptuality of the research methodology like the meaning of the research, objectives of research, motivation in research and types of research. The basic approaches to research, research methods versus methodology, research process i.e. formulation of the research problem, extensive literature survey, development of working hypotheses, preparing the research design, execution of the project, analysis of the data, hypothesis-testing, generalizations and interpretations and preparation of the report have also been described along with the criteria of good research and problems encountered by researchers in India.

The sudden outburst of the pandemic COVID-19, in 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), had caught all by surprise, affected the entire world, and took the lives of many. This led to a desperate need for vaccines and India was one of the 11 countries that went ahead for the discovery of vaccines with manufacturing and export of the same. The first phase of vaccination was directed towards the frontline workers, including dentists, as they were at high risk. As vaccines have faced challenges in acceptability, there is a need to create awareness. The objectives are 1. Assess post-vaccination side-effects among dental professionals after both doses. 2. Assess any particular oral manifestations that can occur post-vaccination. The COVID vaccine was administered to all the healthcare workers of a private Dental College, Mysuru. The first dose was given in January, 28 days later the second dose was given. A questionnaire was developed and sent by email to be filled by those who were vaccinated to record and assess their experiences post-vaccination. A total of 141 responses were acquired and subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate their experiences and challenges. SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. The frequency, mean and mode were calculated of the acquired responses. We can conclude that in the absence of any co-morbidity and good immunity, the effects post-vaccination is mild, which can be subsided by taking appropriate symptomatic medications.

Numerous studies investigate the deterrent effect of capital punishment on homicide levels, but no published study conducted to date focuses explicitly on the impact of capital punishment on terrorist activity. In addition, no research evaluates the possible deterrent effect of a mass execution. This study examines the influence of the mass execution of 47 terrorists by the Saudi government, which took place on January 2, 2016, on the frequency of terrorist attacks originating from within Saudi Arabia. Using missile and drone attacks that were launched from outside of Saudi Arabia as a statistical control variable, results generated in an interrupted time-series analysis show that the mass execution decreased the frequency of within-country terrorist attacks by approximately two attacks per month. Results further reveal that the Saudi military intervention in Yemen amplified within-country terrorist activity by nearly five attacks per month. These findings suggest that the use of capital punishment may prove to be useful in deterring terrorist attacks.

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) offers new and unique advantages for information systems, but some of its features are not a good fit for many applications. We review the properties of DLT and propose a new type of architecture for DLT based on main-sub ledger. Our scheme pays more attention to data privacy, effectively relieves the pressure of data storage for nodes, thereby improves data handling capability.

Different fabrics were prepared by plain weaving with the blended yarns made of etherified jute fibre in the ratio of 50:50 with cotton, rayon and polyester. The physical properties of fabrics from blended yarns have been compared with those of cotton fabrics made with the same calculation 30 tex yarns. The mechanical properties of these fabrics were determined to monitor their serviceability in practical use and to ensure their suitability as jute blended cotton and synthetic fabrics. The softness and handling characteristics presented by the blending length and flexible firmness of the blended fabrics were much more comparable to that of the cotton fabrics with the indented fabric structure. The strength properties of etherified jute blended fabrics showed that the durability and serviceability of these fabrics was not much less than that of cotton fabrics due to any stress and deformation during use. It has also been observed that the blending of etherified jute with cotton, rayon, polyester or any other flexible fiber improves the draping properties of the fabrics made from it and in actual use these fabrics have almost the same bright look and firmness of cotton fabrics.

The existence of corporate social responsibility is no longer a relevant issue in the midst of globalization. In fact, corporate social responsibility is a top priority for business leaders in all countries in order to build synergies between the business world and the community in which the company carries out its business activities. This study aims to (1) analyze the concrete forms of implementing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in Bali Province, especially on the social life of its customers, (2) analyze the legal basis for implementing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in Bali Province, (3 ) the extent to which compliance with the application and sanctions of customary law in realizing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in the province of Bali. This research case study uses an Ethnographic Research/Sociolegal Research approach and a statutory approach in a qualitative research paradigm at the Village Credit Institution in Bali Province. Respondents were determined using the snowbolling system technique for customers of village credit institutions and traditional leaders as well as the Hindu Religious Parisadha Council. Data analysis used qualitative analysis. The implementation of corporate social responsibility has generally been implemented in most of the Village Credit Institutions in Bali, but the orientation is more on increasing socio-religious culture. This obligation is prioritized over the existence of a traditional village/Pakeraman Village according to the embodiment of Tri Hita Karana, namely the harmony of life between others, the harmony of life with the Creator, and harmony with other creatures. This is a reflection of obedience to the implementation of religious law and local wisdom adopted as living law. This study recommends to legislators that the preparation of laws related to corporate social responsibility can adopt the local wisdom of the people of various ethnic groups in Indonesia. This local wisdom is reflected in community values that grow, live and develop in reality in society.

Background: During Covid-19 pandemic, educational institutions in India have started online learning. The present study explores the advantages, challenges and recommendations for improving virtual learning from nursing students of a nursing institute in Kolkata. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020. Purposive sampling was done. Four students from each category like B.Sc. Nursing, Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing & M.Sc Nursing students were included until data saturation achieved. Individual interview was done through telephonic interview. In-depth interview was conducted using semi-structured interview schedule. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software version 2020. Results: Qualitative data analysis leads to extraction of 31 codes and the highest frequency of code was related to loss of internet connectivity. The advantages of virtual learning were flexibility, student centered learning, regularity and challenges involved inadequacy, financial burden & health problem etc. The recommendations were proper assessment, monitoring, training & adequate teaching etc. Conclusion: Virtual learning has many advantages and limitations too. If we take proper steps to resolve the challenges then it is a very good teaching method mainly during pandemic situation.

The implementation of inclusive education is a form of equal educational services between children who have special needs and regular children carried out in public schools. Therefore, inclusive education provider schools should be implemented properly which includes institutional, student, workforce, infrastructure, parental participation, and financing purposes. The purpose of this study is to describe and obtain an overview of the implementation of inclusive education programs in Lampung Province. The research method used was a descriptive survey with the principal respondent. Data collection by purposive sampling, instruments in the form of closed and open questionnaires to obtain free answers from participants. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that in general inclusive education in Lampung Province did not meet the requirements of the implementation of inclusive schools in accordance with the Law on Inclusion Schools, especially related to the still low role of parents of students with special needs, the unavailability of special assistant teachers, and the unmet fulfillment of facilities and adequate infrastructure.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly-encountered entrapment neuropathy. The classic symptoms of CTS are numbness and paraesthesia in the first three fingers of the hand, which is commonly exacerbated at night. The diagnostic signs include sensory loss along the lateral aspect of the hand, motor weakness and wasting of abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Tinel’s and Phalen’s signs are elicited at the wrist. Methods: This is a prospective analysis of clinical and electrophyisologic study performed on patients that attended the rheumatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary institution. The primary patients of the unit and those that were referred to the rheumatology clinic on account of clinical features of CTS were included in the study. Excluded from the study were pregnant women and those with previous history of CTS surgery. Nerve conduction study was carried out on all patients with features of nerve compression at the wrist. Results: Sixty nine (69) patients out of 82 that presented with clinical features of CTS were diagnosed of CTS. Females constituted 84.1% (58) and males were 15 .9% (11). The most affected age group was (31-40) years. Diabetes patients had the highest presentation of CTS (42%). The classic history of CTS was reported in 33.3%, Paraethesia was observed in 46.4%, numbness in 44.9% while paraethesia and numbness together were reported in 40.6% of patients. Day pain and nocturnal pain was seen in 60.9% and only nocturnal pain was reported by 42.0%. Abductor policis brevis (APB) muscle weakness was found in 24.6% of patients while 11.65% had wasting of the muscle. Conclusion: CTS was fairly common among the rheumatology patients and diabetes patients were predominantly affected.

Background: Tear of the abductor mechanism is a well-known problem. Most of the published studies in that regard comes from the sport literature but little have been published about it in the THA settings. Abductor mechanism plays a crucial part in hip stability and limb gait hence an injury to it can lead to pain, weakness, and instability after THA. Objective: To review all studies reporting on abductor tear or insufficiency in Total Hip Arthroplasty and present the current state of literature on that. Methods: The Author completed an electronic database search of PubMed, EMBASE and PubMed Central to identify any studies reporting on Abductor mechanism and Total Hip Arthroplasty from the date of inception of the databases until August 2018. The author followed the PRISMA guidelines. The author extracted and summarized data from the identified studies. Only Studies published in the English literature and reported data on Abductor mechanism tear with THA were included. Results: 566 studies were identified. 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Tear of hip abductor in THA were reported to be between 11-25%. It was more prevalent in women, older age population with no association to comorbidities. There is no clear evidence that the incidence of abductor weakness is higher in lateral than posterior approaches, contrary to the popular opinion. Surgical reconstruction techniques for chronic abductor insufficiency showed good results in the short-term regarding pain and function. Conclusions: Abductor mechanism tear after THA is a known complication that should be considered in patients with substantial lateral hip pain, limb and weak abduction following THA. Repair of the abductors can improve pain, function, and limb in three fourth of the patients specially if identified and repaired early. Promising results have been published for abductor reconstruction procedures for recurrent or chronic tears in short term follow-ups but still lack the long-term results.

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare group of malignancies which arise from smooth muscle cells. Leiomyosarcomas arising from anterior mediastinum is rarely reported in the literature. The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented havoc worldwide. It is also causing delay in diagnosis of other diseases. Herein we report a case of an elderly male who was managed as a case of COVID pneumonia and on follow-up review in post COVID clinic was diagnosed to have anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma and was managed with chemotherapy.

Medicinal plants are most valuable source of different natural compounds and safer than the chemicals that directly used for the treatment of high risk diseases. The compounds that present in the medicinal plants are monoterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The ultimate goal of the using of medicinal herbs are inhibiting the growth of the infectious particles that causing variety of diseases. Medicinal plants have been used in order to control the growth of infectious bacteria in as some of them deviling the resistance due to changing endearments for example, Enterococcus faecium and Klebsiella pneumonia. Many of the plant extracts such as N.sativa seeds have been used as natural booster for targeting the lethal pathogens and causing the cellular toxicities While, Commelina africana L and Elephantorrhiza elephantine that binds with living cells by damaging’s the membranes of the toxic pathogens. The production of the free radicals due to stress or any environmental conditions may increase the risk of damage to DNA molecules. These free radicals binds to the double binds of the DNA molecule inhibit their functions in order to replicate for further central dogma processing. It give rise the production of peroxyl radicals species due to consecutive attack to the DNA molecule.

Anatomical illustrations have gradual changed since their inception. The pioneers of the field have initially used pencil drawings, followed by line illustrations, colored illustrations, two dimensional and three-dimensional illustrations, and it grew up to virtual reality. Recent studies have observed their benefit in teaching anatomy, especially for providing spatial orientation of various structures and complex topics such as middle ear, pterygopalatine fossa, where dissection cannot offer much comprehension. Drawing software such as Illustrator and Photoshop have revolutionized the image quality in anatomy textbooks. Adobe Illustrator comprises many useful tools to draw anatomical diagrams such as pen tool, pencil tool, paint brush tool, text tool. It has various paper sizes to choose and different formats of files to create vector-based images. The drawing hardware such as Wacom Cintiq, Apple iPad Pro with pencil enhances the experience with drawing software.

The Research Paper ‘Constitutional and Judicial Approaches to Environmental Challenges’, takes us through the role of the Legal and Judicial System, in the protection of the Environment, and in the wider campaign against Environmental Degradation. The importance of Environmental Sustainability cannot be over-emphasized as a destroyed environment may also mean the end of the human race and even plants and animals. The paper looks at both the Nigerian perspective, as well as the global outlook. It looks at the Human Rights angle, which submits that destruction of the environment by industrial, corporate and government institutions, may be an offence against the Law since it infringes on the right of the ordinary citizen to live a healthy life in harmony with nature. In other words, since these human institutions have been responsible for the extinction of many animal species, they shouldn’t be allowed to extend their destruction to include the reduction of the quality of human life or even wiping out the human race. The paper looks into the extent to which the judicial system could help protect the common man from the forces of Environmental Degradation.