Despite medical advances, tuberculosis is responsible for over one billion deaths in the last 200 years. This study was carried out to determine interleukin 10 levels in serum of tuberculosis patients attending Aminu Kano Specialist Hospital, Kano (AKTH). A total of 330 subjects were enlisted for this study. The subjects were grouped into: Group A (30 control) and Group B (300 subjects). DNA sequences specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance were detected using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. 5mls of blood were aseptically collected from subjects using standard venipuncture procedure into plain tubes for HIV and Interleukin 10 assay. TB patients co-infected with HIV were excluded from this study. The Interleukin 10 level was measured using commercial Sandwich ELISA kits. The result revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the interleukin 10 levels of the test (11.30±3.79) and control group (9.38±4.39). Furthermore, the result showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the interleukin-10 levels of rifampicin resistant (11.80±3.87) and non-rifampicin resistant patients (11.65±3.55). Interleukin 10 was also found to be higher among patients aged 30-39 (12.33±3.31) and female patients (11.95±3.50) than in male patients (11.45±3.65). Furthermore, Interleukin 10 level was found to be higher in TB patients before anti TB treatment (12.54±3.82) than in patients after treatment (9.86±3.59). The findings of the study showed that interleukin 10 is a viable biomarker in the pathogenesis of TB infection and can be used as prognostic marker for management of TB patients.

Rationale: The usual metastases of breast cancer are mainly represented by the following organs: lymph nodes, bone, liver, lung, pleura and brain. While gastrointestinal involvement remains rare. Patient Concerns: A 67-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with abdominal pain and obstructive symptoms, she was diagnosed with duodenal metastasis of breast cancer with infiltration of the duodenal mucosa by lobular breast carcinoma. The patient had undergone the right breast mastectomy for infiltrating lobular carcinoma 6 years previously. Diagnosis: Metastatic infiltration of the duodenal mucosa by mammary lobular carcinoma was proven histologically and immunohistochemically. Lessons: The importance of thinking about metastases of the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of non-specific and vague symptoms and of clearly differentiating in this context these metastases from primary gastrointestinal tumors.

This study was to determine the effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on antioxidant activities and on the histology of pancreas in Alloxan-induced-diabetic rats. Twenty Albino Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between100 and 194g were used for the study. The animals were divided in to four groups (Groups I, II, II and IV) of five rats each. Group I was the control group and were administered distilled water per body weight. Group II was induced with diabetes by injecting the rats with 150mg/kg Alloxan single dose and not treated. group III was induced with diabetes and treated with 50mg/kg Moringa for 28 days and group IV were not induced with diabetes but were treated with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera root for a period of twenty-eight days at 50mg/kg orally. The antioxidant activity of Moringa oliefera aqueous root extract was studied by assaying serum marker substances of Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) to determine the extent of antioxidant activity of the extract on the pancreas. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the Pancreas processed for routing light microscopic analyses. The results of this study showed that antioxidant activities of Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in diabetic not treated and diabetic treated Moringa groups and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), activity increased significantly in diabetic non-treated group and non-diabetic treated group (p<0.05). Glutathione Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase changes were not significant. The results of this study also showed that photomicrograph of pancreas of diabetic non treated rats showed highly lobulated pancreatic tissue, glands exhibits loose collagenous capsule which can be seen extending as delicate septae, chronic inflammation and degeneration of islets of Langerhans. Diabetic treated group also showed septea between the lobule similar to the control group and glandular acini undergoing regeneration. Non-diabetic but treated group showed diffused micro and macro acini and normal islets of Langerhans similar to control.

As different connecting means in Chinese and English, parataxis and hypotaxis have always been the focus of discussion and research by Chinese and foreign scholars. This pair of concepts has been studied for a long time, and after years of supplement and improvement, the concepts of parataxis and hypotaxis have been very mature and widely used in the translation practice of various styles. Therefore, the authors give an overview of the research on parataxis and hypotaxis from the aspects of the proposal, development and application of the concepts. Apart from that, the authors also analyze the reasons of parataxis and hypotaxis from the following two perspectives: (1) grammar and syntax, (2) culture and thinking modes. Through this study, the authors hope to further improve the accuracy and fluency of translation between Chinese and English based on theories of parataxis and hypotaxis, and also hope to find some reasonable explanations to the Chinese and Western cultural conflicts.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and analyse the level of antibiotic resistance of Ab strains in the intensive care unit of the ibn Tofail Hospital of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech. Results: Microbiologically, 200 samples were analyzed, of which urine was the most frequent sample with a rate of 36% of all samples, followed by blood cultures with a rate of 36%, catheters in 12%, vaginal samples in 7% and protected distal samples in 3%. The analysis of the resistance profile of germs to antibiotics showed that for Beta-lactams: 81% are extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) 16% low level penicillinase (LLP) and high level penicillinase (HLP) at 3%.

The Purpose of the present study was to find out the effects of circuit training and circuit weight training on Muscular strength endurance. To achieve this purpose, thirty men kabaddi players from Alagappa University College of physical education, karaikudi, were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged between 21 to 28 years. The selected subjects were divided into three groups of ten subjects each. The experimental group – 1(n=10 CT) underwent circuit training, the experimental group – 2 (n = 10 CWT) underwent circuit weight training and control group-3 (n= 10, CG) did not participate in any special training programme apart from their regular activities. The data was collected at prior to and after the training programme of nine weeks. Muscular strength endurance was chosen as a criterion variable. The analysis of co variance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the Muscular strength endurance was significantly improved due to the circuit and circuit weight training.

Introduction: There should be a gap between pregnancies for the sake of both mother and child. Post-partum contraceptive is required to delay pregnancy after delivery and to pursue family planning. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of post-partum contraceptives in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khulna Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. Result: In this study, the mean age was 25.91 years (SD± 4.97 years) ranging between 16-39 years. In this study, most of the pregnant women (69%) did not get any postpartum FP during the hospital discharge. In this study, most of the pregnant women (77%) had ANC in their last pregnancy. In this study, most of the pregnant women (76%) did not get postpartum family planning counseling during ANC checkups. For most of the pregnant women (84%), the resumption of menstruation after the last pregnancy was less than 6 months. In this study, the current pregnancy of most of the study people (76%) was unplanned/unintended. There was no unplanned pregnancy loss (abortion) between last and current pregnancy for most of the pregnant women (80%). For most of the pregnant women (76%), the gap between last and current pregnancy was 1-2 years. In this study, most of the pregnant women (79%) did not have adequate knowledge and practice of contraceptives. Most of the pregnant women (14%) did not use any contraceptive due to a lack of knowledge. Followed by 10% did not use due to ignorance, 4% did not use due to irregular meetings with husband and 3% did not use as the family did not allow. In this study, most of the pregnant women (31%) did not use any method for postpartum contraceptives after the last pregnancy. Followed by, 20% used POP, 17% used condom, 15% used OCP, 10% used injection, 3% used PPIUD, 3% used LAM and 1% used implant. Conclusion: Most pregnant women do not have adequate knowledge and practice of contraceptives. Most pregnant women do not use any post-partum contraceptives. Women, using post-partum contraceptives, prefer POP, condoms, and OCP. The husband is the decision-maker for contraceptive usage in most cases.

Context: Children are vulnerable people who in most cases are exposed to domestic accidents. These accidents occur most frequently in children under 15 years of age. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of domestic accidents in children under 15 years of age hospitalized in Kinshasa. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Kinshasa among 80 children who were victims of domestic accidents between 2019 and 2020. A document analysis tool was used to collect data. Results: These domestic accidents affected more children under 5 years of age (median = 3.5) with a sex ratio of 1.3. They are mainly burning (38.8%) with boiling water as the origin (64.5%) as well as trauma (37.5%) following a fall (86.6%). They occurred more during the day (56.3%), in the playground (47.5%), or in the kitchen (32.5%). These accidents affected the head (35%) and the limbs. Wounds (42.5%) were the dominant type of injury, followed by fractures (32.5%). 81.2% of accidents were managed by health personnel and 40% left lameness consequently. Conclusion: Domestic accidents are common in Kinshasa. Raising the awareness of mothers and those in charge of their care would contribute effectively to their reduction or better prevention. These results constitute a basis for the development of a policy aimed at reducing these accidents.

Skin is not only a protecting covering of our whole body but also it reflects the physical and mental health. Mukhdushika is the most common skin ailment in the teenage of youngsters, it disfigure the face. Acne vulgaris is chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebacous follicles and caused by the Propionibacteriun acnes. It is correlated with Mukhdushika, a disease mention in Ayurveda. Microbial infections are the leading cause of diseases and disease related mortality. Non–judicious intake of antibiotic is the serious concern for antibiotic resistant strain of bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the ability to successfully treat infectious diseases across the world. Among the most common skin pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative pathogen) has high antibiotic resistance rate and Staphylococcus aureus is another most common human pathogens that leads to many types of local infections such as wound, post-operative infection and also for prosthetic infections. S. aureus is also known for its ability to resist antibiotics such as penicillin, methicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and vancomycin, so there is a need of different treatment to overcome the problem of AMR. Similar problem is also arises in the treatment of acne by antibiotics. Tarunyapidikahara Lepa is an Ayurvedic formulation consisting of equal amount of Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb), Dhanakya (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) and Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn) prescribed for topical application in Mukhdusika in renowned text Chakradatta, Kshudra Roga Chikitsa. This appraisal summarizes the antimicrobial potential of each ingredient present in the Tarunyapidikhara Lepa.

The present study discusses Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) in terms of enhancement of communication skills of the language learners. Communication skills are in high demand because multinational companies require a candidate with good communication skills. So, It is the need of hour for teaching fraternity to improve the communication skills of the language learners by identifying new strategies and techniques. NLP is now gaining momentum in enhancing the communication skills of the learners. NLP is defined as an art of communication and contributes positively in language learning. It is also an important and unavoidable part of the learning process to achieve the needs of the learner. NLP is found to help the students to develop their communication skills with confidence and viewed as contributing tool to the development of human communication and behaviour. Besides, it increases the communication skills of the employees, motivation, success. Many authors also cited that NLP offers the desired result. Hence the present article felt the need of analytical discussion on NLP in terms of the enhancement of communication of the language learners.

Crab meat undergoes rapid microbial deterioration after death, placing it in the category of highly perishable sea foods (the Crayfish and lobsters alike) Thus, this affects its economic value. Drying is one of the techniques that will provide consumers with ready-to-use dried crabmeat to incorporate into daily meals such as soups, sauces, and so on. This study thus, investigated the drying behavior of the crab on thin-layers. A laboratory convective oven dryer was used as the heating source, on the temperature (range of 60 - 100°C) applied in a varying manner on multiples of 10℃. The layer thickness was about 45-mm. as with high moisture sea foods, the drying profile showed a typical falling rate period with no distinct constant rate period for all the temperature levels used in this work. Moisture loss (diffusion) data obtained from the experiments were fitted to three popular semi-empirical thin-layer models of Lewis, Henderson-Pabis, and Page, and their suitability was validated using statistical parameters such as Root Mean Square,( R2), X2 and RSME. This was done to select thin-layer model that would suitably describe the drying kinetics of the samples over the range of temperature levels chosen in this work. Consequently, the Henderson-Pabis model and that of Page model were taken to have reliably predicted the drying behavior of the samples at the chosen temperature levels.

One of the most important things on a motorcycle is the frame. The motorcycle frame is a structure that supports almost all of motorcycle components, such as the engine, front and rear suspension, fuel tank, and others components. The purpose of this research is to determine the cause of the failure of the motorcycle frame in based on actual conditions in the field. In this study, a case study was carried out on a sport-type motorcycle frame with 150cc engine capacity, using a trellis-type frame, and had traveled 10,000 km as indicated on the odometer. The results of the case study and analysis on the failed part, it was found that the main cause of the failure of the motorcycle frame or frame body was due to the bolt flange on the engine hanger having a torque below the standard. This happens due to consumers who make modifications and add accessories. So the torque below the standard or low torque causes the frame body to break as a result of the reduced rigidity of the frame body structure and also as a result of repeated dynamic loads on the welding area, which is included in the HAZ area, which is the weakest part of the welding joint. Failure or fracture can occur as a result of the continuous load received on the frame structure, resulting in fatigue failure. The failure also occurred at the low torque bolt flange earlier.

Purpose: To analyse demographic data, clinical presentation, intervention and management of Post COVID 19 Rhino- orbito-cerebral- mucormycosis (ROCM) thus improving the knowledge about the disease to provide timely and optimal care for favorable outcome. Method: A retrospective interventional study was conducted on 254 patients admitted in Mucor ward over a duration of 2 months (1st May 2021- 30th June 2021). Demographic data, detailed history, clinical parameters, diagnostic procedures, management and outcome were noted. Factors affecting outcome and mortality were analysed. Results: Mean age of presentation was 50.14 ±13.38 years with male preponderance (64.56%). 55.91% patients presented with ROCM symptoms within 14 days of onset of COVID -19 symptoms. 86% patients were diabetics, 76% had history of corticosteroid use and 27.55% received oxygen therapy. 40 % patients presented with orbital edema as primary symptom. Imaging revealed 28.34% patients had disease limited to the paranasal sinuses (PNS), 56.69% had orbit and PNS involvement and 12.99% had PNS, orbit and CNS involvement. All the patients were treated with Liposomal Amphotericin B and sinus debridement. Eighteen eyes underwent (7.08%) exenteration and 82 patients received Transcutaneous retrobulbar Amphotericin-B. At the time of discharge the final outcome of being alive and having stable disease was found to be significant in stage 2 patients with involvement of PNS and orbit. Conclusion: Awareness of red flag symptoms and signs, high index of clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and early initiation of treatment with Amphotericin B, aggressive surgical debridement of the PNS, and orbital exenteration, where indicated, are essential for successful outcome.

Smog is a term used to describe pollution suspended in humid air. It's made up of different- sized dust particles, as well as non-metal oxides, organic compounds, and heavy metals. Apart from smoking cigarettes, one of the changeable variables leading to the development of respiratory diseases is exposure to toxic compounds dispersed in the air. . Smog is a visible form of air pollution that arises due to the over-emissions of some primary pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrocarbons, SO, NO, and NO2 which further react in the atmosphere and give rise to toxic and carcinogenic secondary smog components. There are six categories of airborne chemicals that have a negative impact on public health and cause disease. Ozone, particulate matter (PM) of various dimensions - PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10, nitrogen – all has important implications. Lead, carbon dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide Small dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) are given special attention since they can enter the lower respiratory tract. The page examines the impact of atmospheric pollutants on both the development and exacerbation of the disease, in addition to detailing the composition of smog and sources of air pollution. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, and other respiratory tract illnesses can all cause symptoms. Lung cancer is a type of cancer that affects. Some of the legislative methods used in various nations to reduce exposure to harmful air pollution are presented.

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare malformative congenital tumor of the lymphatic vessels. It is commonly seen in children and mainly occurs in the head and cervicothoracic region. Abdominal and especially retroperitoneal involvement is rare in adults. This tumor is often asymptomatic but it can be manifested by mass effect with polymorphic symptomatology depending on the location and size. Digestive haemorrhage due to retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma with posterior duodenopancreatic infiltration in an elderly patient is an exceptional manifestation of a benign tumor. We report a case of retro-duodenopancreatic cystic lymphangioma revealed by gastrointestinal bleeding in a 65 year-old man who was treated by tumor resection with organ preservation. The recovery was complicated by a duodenal fistula with spontaneous dry-up within 17 days, the patient left the hospital in 3 weeks.