Obesity is a major health hazard not only for developed countries but also for Bangladesh and it is an established risk factor of breast cancer. In our country there is a scarcity of studies on the associations of BMI and different features of breast tumour. This study was aimed to evaluate the associations of BMI with molecular sub-types, clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in Bangladeshi women. This cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka from September, 2019 to August, 2020. A total of 90 patients with breast cancer were selected purposively according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. An informed consent was sought from the patient to take part is this study. Detail history taking thorough physical examination was done along with relevant investigations. Data were collected by semi structured questionnaire and analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 21.0. Mean age of the respondents was 41.17 years with a standard deviation of ±8.79 and a range of 24-65 years. Of all, ninety percent patients were housewives and 52.2% belonged to upper middle socio-economic class. About 66.7% patients were pre-menopausal and 33.3% were post-menopausal. The mean BMI of respondents was 25.89(±4.67) kg/m2 and among them 51.1% were obese, 23.3% were overweight and 20.0% had normal weight. No association between BMI and vii molecular subtypes of breast cancer were noted (p>0.05). No association between BMI and hormone receptor status of breast cancer was found. Association with tumor size, axillary lymph nodes, tumor grade and lymphovascular space invasion were also not significant (p>0.05). No association between BMI and molecular subtypes, clinical and pathological features of breast cancer were noted both in pre and post-menopausal groups. This study found no association between BMI and different features of tumor, which could be attributed to small sample size, absence of control and a single centered study. However, further extensive study is recommended.

Background: Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is linked to significant fetal and maternal morbidity and mortalities. The maternal and fetal outcomes in PROM are very important to decrease maternal and child mortality and for better management and prevention of complications. Objective: To find out maternal & fetal outcomes of preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Methods and Material: This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 250 Beded District Hospital, Chapainawabganj, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January 2016 to July 2016. 50 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Result: The majority of patients with preterm PROM (30%) belong to the age group 31-35 years. The mean age of the patients and SD were 26.4±6.58. 60% of respondents were multipara and 40% primipara. Most of the patients had irregular antenatal checkups (56%), 24% had regular antenatal checkups, and 20% had no antenatal checkups. Twenty percent of patients developed labor pain within 15 hours of rupture of membrane, 24% within 16-30 hours, 56% within 31-45 hours, 10% within 46-60 hours, and 12% without the onset of labour pain. 37 (74%) patients with preterm PROM had a normal vaginal delivery, and 13(26%) delivered by caesarian Section. Forty-three percent of patients delivered within 24 hours of the ruptured membrane, followed by 24% of patients within 24-48 hours, and 28% of patients within more than 48 hours. Among 50 patients, 12 (24.0%) had a previous history of abortion, 24 (48%) had H/O preterm delivery due to PROM, 2 (4.0%) had H/O MR, and 6 (12.0%) had H/O D & C. Among 50 respondents with PPORM 4 (8.0%) had diabetes mellitus, (12.0%) had HTN, 15 (2.0%) had urinary tract infection and 10 (20.0%) had lower genital tract infection. In this study, the total number of the alive baby was 42, and the stillborn baby was 2. Out of 42 alive babies, 18(42.86%) were affected by the consequence of preterm PROM and the birth process. Among 48 alive babies, 6(12.50%) developed birth asphyxia, 5(10.42%) developed jaundice, 3(6.25%) developed neonatal sepsis, and 4 (8.33%) developed respiratory distress syndrome. Maternal morbidity were chorioamnionitis 4(8%) puerperal sepsis 5(10%), postpartum endometritis 2(4%), abruptio placenta 1(2%) and wound infection 2(4%). Conclusion: The incidence of preterm PROM was more in multipara. The majority of the patients were from lower- and middle-class families. This study found some factors, e.g., Coitus, the recent history of abortion, M.R., D & C, and previous history of PROM. The study was done with a small population, but it introduces us to certain risk factors that can be prevented. Proper health education, patient motivation, improved health hygiene, and adequate maternity and childcare services are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Nowadays if we notice to our human world, we find that most of our social instability and insecurity is caused by our own members of Homo sapiens species; especially our young generation is engaging themselves in many unethical activities, violence and juvenile crimes forgetting their morality as well as identity based rules and regulations. It is going to be a matter of concern as well as an alarming matter all over the world. Like other countries Bangladesh is also facing this kind of challenges. According to the FBI statistics, most crimes are committed by adolescents. The rate of this involvement is alarming in Bangladesh; especially in Dhaka city. Now the question is what the causes behind this youth degradation are? If we notice deeply we will find that, the root cause of all unethical behaviors and activities of a human being is mainly caused by their identical instability or crisis, which invokes them to engage with inappropriate activities with their identity. In this article, we discussed about this important issue and tried to establish the root cause of youth degradation with explaining necessary terms, causes, providing real scenario of this crisis in young generation of Bangladesh and exploring overcoming strategies.

In sickle cell anaemia (SCA), continuous activation of the vascular endothelium by inflammatory cytokines leads to increased elaboration and secretion of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a potent mediator of adhesive interactions involving the endothelium and circulating blood cells. Non-O blood groups are associated with the elevation of vWF concentration. Thus, SCA and non – O blood groups are determinants of increased levels of vWF, which plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). To determine the influence of plasma vWF:Ag levels, ABO and Rh (D) blood groups on the risk of occurrence of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis. We conducted a prospective study of frequencies of VOC with respect to plasma vWF:Ag levels, ABO and Rh (D) blood groups of 50 SCA patients. In comparison with blood group O, patients with non – O blood groups had significantly higher mean vWF concentration (4.17+3.16 IU/l vs 3.46+3.69 IU/l, p< 0.001), with a significantly higher mean number of VOC episodes per patient (3.2 vs 1.3, p<0.001). The relative risk of VOC for patients with non- O blood groups was 1.87 (95% confidence interval 1.5 - 2.2, p<0.001). However, the association of Rh (D) blood group of the patients and their plasma vWF:Ag levels on the risk of occurrence and frequency of VOC was not statistically significant (P = 0.155). SCA patients with non – O blood groups had more episodes and higher risk of VOC that were likely due to the effect of higher plasma vWF concentration. These results indicate that the non- O blood group is a risk factor for frequent VOC and an unfavourable prognostic marker in SCA. We hereby recommend that a large multicentre prospective study be carried out to definitely determine the impact of ABO, Rh and other blood groups on the overall clinical course of SCA.

Introduction: The changes of the operative program lead to inefficient use of available operating ranges, and waste of resources. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, causes in the changes of the operating program and any consequences in order to find appropriate solutions for better patient management. Materials and Methods: It was of a study conducted in the potential services of anesthesiology of the Mohammed V military hospital in Rabat. Was included in the study changes the operating program (refusal, addition). Were excluded all the changes in the other operating sites. For any changes was completed farm return. The collected parameters were: age, sex, ASA, categories, the service concerns by adaptations, causes, the timing of the change and patient’s outcomes. Results: From November 2020 to May 2021; 3620 were scheduled for elective surgical operations. Of these, 320 (8, 8 %) patient’s operations were cancelled and 252 (7%) were added. The Urology department had the highest rate of cancellations (23, 4%). Causes related to patients represented 50 % of cancellation’s rate, followed by causes related to the surgery 40% and finally those related to anesthesia in 10% of all cancellations. The absence of the patient during the intervention was the most common patient-related reason for cancellation (78.1 %), the most common surgery reason was not a sufficient time frame (55.5 %) and finally the non-availability of blood and up ICU (25% each), were those related to anesthesia. Conclusion: Changes in the operating program rate were high in comparison with reported rate worldwide. Efforts should be made for planning, programming and coordination between the different actors involved in the operational planning.

This paper aims to present a comparison between the Naive Bayes model and the Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN). This comparison is preceded by a philosophical explanation of the two in the author's way of understanding. Then this comparison was carried out in the case of making a predictive model for the final exam scores of students at the Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. In this case, we apply two different models, namely Naive Bayes and Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) to predict learning outcomes before ending at the end of the semester in terms of lecturers' assessments of students. When the course is in progress, the lecturer needs to continuously evaluate students' understanding of the subject matter being taught. This is so that lecturers can immediately anticipate learning problems in class. Calculations with these two models use only R language with jupyter notebook interface. Validation and testing of the two models used a case dataset in 4 classes of language theory and automata course students even semester 2017-2018 at the Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and University of Muhammadiyah Ponorogo with a dataset size of 99 notes (99 students). For the validation and model testing methods, k- fold and hold-out cross-validation are used. Each model is validated and tested with the same k-fold method scheme.

Levels of the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed in the sediments of the River Nun estuary. This was done in order gauge the impact of anthropogenic inputs such as pesticides, fertilizers, oil spillage and other industrial and anthropogenic wastes disposal, especially at the coastal parts of the region on bottom sediments. Three sampling Stations were chosen for the purpose of this research. Station 1 (Buo-Ama Creek) was established close to the entrance of Buo-Ama creek, in the Nun River estuary. Station 2 (Erewei- Kongho) was established along one of the tributaries of the Nun River estuary around Erewei- Kongho. Station 3 was established in Ogbokiri. Sediment samples were collected with the aid of a soil auger and a galvanized metal core cylinder from the three (3) sampling stations along a transect running from the low intertidal level (LIL), through the mid intertidal level (MIL) to the high intertidal level (HIL). Sediment samples were analysed in the laboratory using the method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Means and standard deviations were calculated for all the measured parameters. A one-way ANOVA was employed at the 95% confidence limit to test for differences across stations in the heavy metals. Turkey HSD post HOC test was also employed to separate means and identify where variability and similarities exist. This was aided by the SPSS 20.0 statistical tool kit. The result shows that Pb has the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Ni, Cd, and Mn respectively. The lowest values of all metals were observed at station 2, while the highest concentrations of metals were recorded at sampling stations 1. The results show that the value of Pb was highest in station 1(1.347±0.001), followed by Station 3 (1.24±0.001). Station 2 had the least mean value of Pb (0.884±0.001). Cd showed similar patterns across the three sampling stations 1, 2 and 3, with the values 0.068±0.002, 0.046±0.001, and 0.054±0.002 respectively. Ni also presented slight difference across the three sampling stations. Concentration of Zn were higher in station 1 and 2 (1.265±0.002 and 1.038±0.002), than in station 3 (0.725±0.001). All metal concentration was however lower than the international permissible limited. The concentrations of Mn were also observed to present a similar pattern across the sampling stations. There is a significant difference (P<0.05) in all heavy metal parameters across all stations. Heavy Metal Concentrations were found to decrease with increasing distance from the river mouth, suggesting that anthropogenic inputs, related to agricultural and domestic discharge into the river, are the major sources of heavy metals in the river sediments. Land based activities therefore have a profound effect on aquatic ecosystem stability and health.

Law enforcement can be done by a very broad subject and can also be interpreted as a law enforcement effort by the subject in the sense of being limited or narrow. This paper discusses two problems: (1) Law Enforcement; (2) The apparatus of law Enforcement. Law enforcement serves as a protection of the interests of human beings. So human interests are protected, the law should be implemented. The implementation of the law can take place in normal, peaceful but can occur also because of the violation of the law. The formulation of the thought of the makers of the law as outlined in the regulations of the law will also determine how law enforcement was run. There is a tendency in the community, to interpret the law and even identify with the officer (in this case law enforcement as a person). One result of this is that the good and bad of law are always associated with the pattern of behavior of the law enforcement, which in his opinion is a reflection of the law as structure and process.

Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from jute sticks has been studied and reported in this work. The successful removal of lignin and hemi-cellulose has been confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to measure the crystal size and crystallinity index. The FTIR analysis revealed that the acid hydrolysis had an effect on the crystalline of the fibre; however it did not influence the chemical components of the fibres. Pharmaceutical standard tests were done. Higher concentration of sodium chlorite produces minimum particle size and the effective thermal degradation occurs at 340 °C.

In this research work, Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Carica papaya leaf extract via green route. The physicochemical parameters including boiling point, color, odor, density, pH as well as the solubility of papaya leaf extract were first determined before proceeding with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of Silver Nanoparticles first, was identified by color change from light brown to dark brown after the nucleation of the metal ions indicating that phytoconstituents of Carica papaya resulted in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0, a phenomenon that could be attributed to the surface Plasmon absorption. The bio fabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – Visible and SEM to be certain of its formation before being deployed in the antibacterial studies. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed maximum absorbance of 1.05 at a corresponding wavelength (λ max) of 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of silver NPs from papaya leaves which is characteristic of Silver Nanoparticles. SEM image revealed that, the synthesized silver nanoparticles have a spinel like structure and an average size of about 50nm. The antibacterial studies of Silver nanoparticles were conducted against B. subtilis, K. pneunoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi. Different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500μg/L of Silver nanoparticles were tested against each pathogen. The inhibition zone increases generally with increase in concentrations of silver nanoparticles. At higher concentration of 500μg/L, the zones of inhibition were in the following order; 24.44mm, 17.64mm, 17.52mm, 16.88mm, and 16.00mm for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. typhi respectively. The zone of inhibition for Augmentin was found to be higher compared to silver nanoparticles for each pathogen, except for P. aeruginosa where it is almost the same, an indication of high activity of silver nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa due to the comparability with Augmentin. For each concentration investigated, B. subtilis demonstrated higher zone of inhibition as compared to other pathogens studied in this work, hence, Ag NPs may be a potential antibiotic.

Calculation of Pressurized Fan Capacity and Static Pressure for Wisma Sudirman Building – Jakarta. A Pressurized staircase is a significant piece of the fire safety strategy of tall structures. Long departure times are repaid by making safe conditions inside departure staircases permitting considering the uprooting time inside those stairs as time where inhabitants can be viewed as sheltered. In accordance with Minister of Public Works Regulation No: 26/PRT/M/2008 concerning Technical Requirements for Fire Protection Systems in Buildings and the Environment, in every building where the occupied height exceeds 24m, each internal fire stair must be pressurized according to the requirements in the regulation. All pressurization requirements for fire stair in this regulation must comply with the applicable standard provisions in SNI No. 03-6571-2001 or latest edition. The capacity and static pressure of the fire stair fan has been calculated for the Wisma Sudirman building, Jakarta, which obtained a capacity of 34,820 cfm and a static fan head of 2.42 "WG.

Evolution of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) in telemedicine field keep increased along with needs and enhancement of services, nevertheless an efficient and effective form of communication becomes essential for any type of wireless communication network. One of the most important parameter for designing communication network is path loss exponent. Based on that, the purpose of this research is to know the propagation characteristics for on-body and off-body communication by comparing the simulation and measurement using magnetic textile antenna at 2.45 GHz and 924 MHz with distance variation in LOS and NLOS conditions. In this research, friis formula is used to get the path loss exponent value that shows the characteristics of propagation. The calculation of path loss exponent value for simulation and measurement for on-body communication with LOS and NLOS conditions are between 1.7-1.9 while off-body with LOS and NLOS conditions are between 2.1-5.2. These results show that the body affects path loss exponents value and have own characteristics.

A healthy parent-child relationship can be defined as the relationship where parents provide for their child's physical, emotional, and developmental needs. Egalitarian parenting is taken to be the representative of American image and the west and is after by other countries in the world. As comparison with the West, China, the representative of the eastern in the world is always criticized for the authoritarian parent-child relationship. This paper analyzes the development and performance of egalitarianism in children-rearing in America after WWI and China after WWII from four periods: authoritarian generation VS founding generation; depression generation VS turbulent construction generation; baby-boom generation VS Reform and opening up generation; info-child generation(1965-)vs (1994-), and investigates the reasons from the aspects of ideology and socialization.

The quest for scarce land resources in Balikumbat Sub-Division has created rivalry over abundant borderland resources between some five villages for over four decades (1980s-2020). To diagnose this issue, this paper focuses on inter-tribal land conflicts and its implications on the development of Balikumbat sub division. The study seeks to identify and spatialize the different zones/villages in Balikumbat Sub-Division where inter-tribal land conflicts are inherent in a bid to examine the causes of these conflicts so as to assess its implications on the development of this municipality. The methodology used entailed field observations, questionnaires administration, interviews and focus group discussions. Existing literature provided an important starting point for further analysis of the extent of the problem under consideration. The findings have un-earth the fact that the main inter-tribal land conflicting hot spots constitute areas rich in fertile soils. Besides, economic motives, long historical legacies, political and social motives are the leading causes for the scramble over fertile farmlands across some village boundaries in Balikumbat Sub division over time and space. The implications of these conflicts are felt mainly in the socio-economic sector. The agricultural sector ranks first with about 50% drop in agricultural output as large parcels of land are left idle due to entrenched conflicts. The peasant populations have been displaced with massive destruction of property, crops, livestock and even lives. The efforts made by the government and these local communities in the past to resolve these conflicts have yielded very little success because conflicts have remained a common idiosyncrasy as they resurface often. These findings suggest the need for intensive sensitisation to the natives of Balikumbat on the importance of owning land certificates. This may limit verbal and traditional land ownership opening flood gates for a more sustainable land ownership.

Fascism is a fluid and unknown phenomenon in the world of politics and especially in the field of governance, a phenomenon whose nature; despite all the efforts of theorists and thinkers in the field of political and social sciences, remains in an aura of ambiguity. Fascism is like a mirror room in allegory, every essence that is placed in it is lost in thousands of images of its kind and this confusion is the same populism that the idea of fascism seeks in different social strata as its destination. In this article, we try to provide general results from the origins of fascism; its characteristics and patterns of behavior, especially in the field of pluralism and how it treats modernity, by providing explanations of fascism research, to finally find out which political component or components fascism with such a fluid nature seeks to achieve. In a sense, the purpose of this article is to investigate and explain the relationship between fascist institutions and modernity and how to use its indicators. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical which has explained the subject with an interpretive-critical approach. The analysis of this article is based on a systematic method based on the keywords of fascism and modernity.