Metacognitive knowledge, knowledge about knowledge, was found to have a positive effect on learners’ performance, self-regulation, and academic success (Hartman, 2001; Wenden, 2001 & McCormick, 2013). However, little research has been done about the use of metacognitive knowledge and strategies applied in EFL writing in a Saudi context. The present study investigated the university learners’ metacognitive abilities in relation to writing including other variables like learners’ educational background and years of studying English. The study examined the correlation between the learners’ metacognitive abilities and their writing performance affected by their metacognitive knowledge and its regulation. Data were collected using a modified version of the Metacognitive Components of Planning Writing Self-inventory developed by Escorcia and Gimenes (2020) to analyze the learners’ metacognitive writing strategies. The survey consisted of three factors, metacognitive conditional knowledge, covert self-regulation, and environmental self- regulation. Participants were 190 female learners, first-year students studying English in a comprehensive program including writing at the University of Jeddah. Learners were asked to complete the survey adapted by the end of their course. The level of metacognition was checked for its effect on learners’ writing through Linear Regression. Findings indicate a positive significant correlation between the learners’ metacognitive conditional knowledge and writing performance. Also, a significant impact was predicted on learners’ writing performance. However, findings also specify a negative correlation between environmental self-regulation and learners’ writing performance. Additionally, the ‘years of studying English’ highly correlate with the learners’ metacognitive abilities, unlike learners’ educational background.

Introduction: Cardiothoracic ratio and vertical height are important indicators of cardiac size. The chest radiograph provides excellent contrast between the air-filled, cardiac, and aortic outlines. Aim of the study: This study was aimed at determining the cardiothoracic ratio, vertical height, transverse dimension of the trachea of Nigerians resident in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Radiology Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State. The study duration was 8 months (January–September, 2021), which involved four hundred and forty-eight (216 males and 232 females) normal chest radiographs of adult Rivers aged between 18 and above. The radiographs were found to be normal by a qualified radiologist in the department. Random sampling was used to determine the sample size for the study. Results and Discussions: Males [VH(cm) 1.49±0.40; TDT(cm) 20.20±2.81; ACR(cm) 0.46±0.068]; females [VH(cm) 19.08±2.58; ACR(cm) 0.48±0.06; CTR (cm) 41.44±3.40]. The males had repeatedly higher values vertical height and cardiothoracic ratio than the females, while the females had a higher value for aorto-cardiac ratio. Conclusions: The values of vertical height, cardiothoracic ratio, transverse dimension of trachea, and aorto-cardiac ratio demonstrated sexual dimorphism, the males had consistently higher values than the females except for aorto-cardiac ratio.

Forests ecosystem englobes abundant natural resources in which the world population highly depends on for their existence. Internationally, the 1992 Rio Declaration and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity amongst others, has categorically prescribed universal legal standards for the protection of the rights of forests communities. In Cameroon, forests with its natural resource endowments (timbers and non-timbers) has been considered by many as the cultural heritage of most local communities and a source of government revenue. Without mincing words, the forestry law and other related laws have given local communities bundles of rights to sustainably use and manage forest resources. However, these rights remain wanting due to ineffective implementation. As a result, local communities are prone to abject poverty, misery and paradox of plenty or rather put it “Tragedy of the Commons”. In this vein, the paper therefore, seeks to address the following worries: What type of rights do these forests communities exercise? Are the provisions of the law with regard to local communities’ rights and interests in the sustainable management of industrial forestry respected and if so, to what extent? What difficulties do local communities encounter in exercising these bundles of rights? Legally, the methodology employed in this article is purely doctrinal which is based on both primary and secondary data. The paper therefore, concludes with some robust recommendations which if effectively implemented and enforced will go a long way to guaranteed the rights of forest communities and thus, enhance sustainable industrial forestry management.

Background: The aim of this paper is to illustrate the expansion of mandibular arch using Transforce appliance. Case Report: Use of Transforce appliance for arch expansion for severely constricted mandibular arch. The patient is successfully treated with arch expansion. Conclusion: Transforce appliance is a good choice for mandibular arch expansion. Since mandible lacks sutures to open up, light force is required for arch development and Transforce appliance is capable of producing light forces.

Fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM) is isolated from the seeds of Trigonella Foenum-graecum, commonly known as Fenugreek, which is herbaceous plant. Fenugreek seeds contain high percentage of mucilage, which does not dissolve in water, but swell up and become slick when exposed to fluids. Atorvastatin is one of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), which are lipid-lowering medications used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Atorvastatin is poorly absorbed orally, its oral bioavailability is very low (about14%) because it is very slightly soluble in distilled water and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, which would limit its clinical application. The objective of this study is to enhance atorvastatin solubility in order to increase its bioavailability by the formulation of solid dispersion using fenugreek seed mucilage. Mucilage was extracted from the seed and evaluated for flow properties, pH value, FTIR spectroscopy and percentage practical yield. Then solid dispersions with different drug to polymer ratios were prepared from fenugreek mucilage and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), after that saturation solubility was tested for fenugreek seed mucilage solid dispersion (FSMSD), hydroxxy propyle methyl cellulose solid dispersion (HPMCSD) and pure drug. Tablets were prepared from solid dispersion with the highest saturation solubility, then tablets were tested and evaluated. The tablets showed satisfactory physicochemical properties as 1.77%RSD in tablet weight variation, 1 min disintegration time, 5.24±0.457 Hardness and 89% drug release in 45 min. it is concluded that FSM is a promising excipient that can be used in dosage forms formulation to enhance solubility of low soluble drugs.

Rehabilitation is important, as are other facets of universal health coverage such efficient illness prevention, treatment, and palliative care. A person who has undergone rehabilitation can participate in school, job, recreation, and important life responsibilities including caring for family members. Rehabilitation enables a child, adult, or senior to be as independent as possible in daily activities. A health issue that could be treated by rehabilitation affects an estimated 2.4 billion individuals worldwide. The need for rehabilitation services is anticipated to increase globally as a result of changes in population health and features. People are living longer but with more chronic illness and incapacity, for instance. Rehabilitation needs are now mostly unmet. More than half of the population does not obtain the necessary rehabilitation services in several low- and middle-income nations. Rehabilitation and other healthcare programs have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sarcocephalus latifolius and Cnestis ferruginea are shrubs with heights of 5 to 8 m and 3 to 3.6 m, respectively, and are known to be powerful aphrodisiacs. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of their leaves on the body weight and relative weight of some androgen- dependent sex organs of male rats. For this purpose, the rats were subjected to an 8-day treatment. These extracts had no significant effect on either the body weight or the relative weight of the androgen-dependent secondary sex organs of the rats compared to the control over the 8-day treatment period. The leaves of Sarcocephalus latifolius and Cnestis ferruginea did not have any detectable androgenic properties during this period.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the UTAUT2 model of interest in using accounting software in MSMEs by using accounting knowledge as a moderating variable. The data collection technique uses simple random sampling through Google Forms in the form of a questionnaire. This study has a total sample of 164 respondents with the criteria of MSME owners. The data processing method in this study is to use smartPLS with the aim of testing the hypothesis. The results of this study indicate that performance expectations, hedonic motivation, and social influence have a positive and significant effect on the intention to use accounting software while accounting knowledge cannot moderately and negatively influence the UTAUT 2 model on interest in using accounting software. The results of this study recommend that to increase interest in using accounting software for MSMEs, it is necessary to socialize the meaning of accounting and procedures for using accounting software for MSMEs in order to improve the management of financial reports.

The modern education system of the teacher training college shapes responsible enlightened citizens and qualified experts without whom no nation can progress socio-economically, culturally, and politically. Since society is becoming knowledge-based it is higher education that is contributing to a cultural socio-economic and environmentally sustainable improvement of the individual, organization, community, and nation. The Indian education system can neither compete nationally nor globally without a systematic and well-planned curriculum for the betterment of the trainee teachers’. Yogic practice in scientific ways daily basis is known as an influential factor on many physiological parameters of them. Studies have identified that yogic practice affects working efficiency. This study aimed to identify the effect of yogic practice on physiological parameters. College settings had been full of stressors that negatively influence pupils' mental health and academic performance. For solving trainee teacher s' academic performance issues, the yogic practice has been used to improve their academic outcomes. These findings further the knowledge of the role played by yogic practice interventions in reducing pupils' burnout symptoms and cultivating their ability and well-being, in promoting a nurturing classroom climate, and also in promoting the ability and well-being of Trainee teacher s. This study applied information process theory to demonstrate the internal mechanism between yogic practice and academic performance in three pathways with three major sections. This study benefited from the summary of the mechanism of yogic practice and academic performance, promoting the development of yogic practice-related activities and applications, and improving trainee teachers' participation in yogic practice interventions, thereby improving their academic performance. The findings suggest that yogic practice can improve the total personality of an individual. These results suggest that mindfulness-based yoga can be a positive tool for the classroom to reduce trainee teacher s’ anxiety, stress, and depression. Benefiting from the summary of the mechanism of yogic practice and academic performance, promoting the development of yogic practice-related activities and applications, and improving trainee teachers' participation in yogic practice interventions, thereby improving their academic performance.

Background: The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is currently one of the most commonly used approaches to treat high grade cervical squamus intraepithelial lesion confirmed on colposcopic guided biopsy examination. Complications of electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) are rare. But in Bangladesh, we have very limited research-based information regarding this issue. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to assess the complications of loop electrosurgical excision procedure following treatment of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in OPD, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh during the period of July 2011 to June 2012. In total, 75 patients with CIN 2 and/or 3 were enrolled in this study as study subjects. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. Proper informed written consents were taken from all the participants before data collection. The criteria for inclusion were colposcopic guided biopsy revealing CIN 2 or 3 whose lesion remains confined to ectocervix. The least amount of power that will effectively perform the electrosurgery should be used, so as to minimize the risk to the patient’s normal tissues and ensure that the excised specimen is inacceptable condition for pathological assessment. Data analysis was done by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) 16 versions. Results: In analyzing the post procedure complications of the participants, we observed that, 64% participants were from vaginal discharge. Besides this 21%, 9%, 4% and 1% cases were found with pain, bleeding, fever and cervical stenosis consequently. Distributing persistence of vaginal discharge, 44% participants taken 5-10 days which was noticeable. Only 5.33% participants had vaginal discharge in between 21-25 days. In distributing persistence of pain, we observed that, 8% participants had taken 30 days to be cured which was the highest number of patients. Within one week, all the patients become free from fever. Cervical Stenosis occurred as a delayed complication during follow up at 9-12 months after LEEP in only 1(1.3%) case and occurred at 270th day. Conclusion: As per the findings of this study we can mention vaginal discharge as the most common complication for the cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia patients by treating loop electrosurgical excision procedure. Besides these, physicians should be aware about the sufferings of patients from pain and bleeding. Finally, we can conclude that, LEEP as an easy safe and acceptable treatment for high grade CIN with high cure rate.

Introduction: Globally cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in females after breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. In patients with early-stage cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) who have undergone radical hysterectomy, postoperative histopathologic features along with clinical staging predict prognosis and are used for planning further treatment. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a nonspecific marker to predict prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values of preoperative values of NLR for high-risk surgical-pathological features identification in patients with early-stage cervical cancer undergoing primary radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Gynaecological Oncology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between July 2019 and June 2020 to evaluate the relationship of preoperative NLR with surgical-pathological features of cervical cancer stage IB-IIA who underwent primary radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. A total of fifty cervical cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and histopathological findings and complete blood count reports were collected and analyzed. Result: The ROC curve revealed NLR was 2.670 (sensitivity 63%; specificity 91.3%; Areas under the curves 0.801). Surgical pathological analysis showed that NLR was linked to lymphovascular space invasion. Sixty-three percent of patients having NLR >2.670 were 17.85 times more likely to have LVSI. Conclusion: The study findings conclude that high pretreatment NLR was linked to lymphovascular space invasion. Thus NLR can be used preoperatively to predict the prognosis of cancer cervix and triage the patients into monovalent treatment- either surgery or chemoradiation.

Introduction: A child is defined as “any human being under the age of 18, unless majority is reached earlier due to the legislation applicable to them. In reality, initial care is also found in multipurpose or adult emergency departments. In France (Seine-Saint-Denis), out of 390 children rescued by the Emergency Medical Assistance Service (SAMU) in 2004, 77% of child deaths were medicalized by the Regional Emergency Medical Service (SMUR). all-rounders of the department. As a result, at the hospital in Mali, many children are referred to the emergency department, while there is no pediatrician in the SAU and the technical platform is not well suited to their care,hence the objective of this work.. Methods and Materials: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study over a period of 12 months from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 at the emergency department of the hospital in Mali. The study involved patients aged zero (0) to fifteen (15) years The parameters studied were socio- demographic and clinical variables Results: During the study period, we collected 458 children aged 0 to 15 out of 6517 visits to the service, i.e. a frequency of 8.12%. The age group of 10 to 15 years was the most representative with 39% of cases. The male sex represented 58% of cases with a sex ratio of 1.36. The patients were uneducated in 10% of the cases, the workers represented 28.8% among the fathers and 54.8% of the mothers were housewives. Children belonging to families with more than three children accounted for 50.9% of cases and 39.5% of patients lived outside Bamako, the capital. Our study shows that 53.9% of patients were admitted between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., 54.8% of patients came to the service by taxi, vehicle or motorbike and admissions by referral/evacuation represented 60.3% of case. AVP accounted for 48.7% of cases After the initial examination on admission, 36% of patients were classified as category three according to the Clinical Classification of Emergency Patients (CCMU3). Conclusion: The grounds for recourse of children from 0 to 15 years old to the general-purpose SAU of the Hospital of Mali are multiple. Accidents remain the most frequent reason for recourse in the service.

N/A

N/A

The Covid-19 outbreak has deeply affected the entire world population, and therefore education. Education includes activities designed for the learner to acquire higher competence, knowledge and experience, based on the difference between the competence level of the student in the current situation and the competencies required to show the expected performance. The Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged formal education. Although methods such as online learning (e-learning), simulation and distance learning are frequently used, sufficient efficiency has not been achieved. The pandemic process has revealed the advantages of face-to-face education; significant decreases were observed in the learning level of students. There is a need to develop new methods that will increase the efficiency of distance education. Motivation of trainers is also an important issue. Education away from school has reduced teacher and student motivation. As a result, there is a new reality of education after the pandemic. The education management unit needs to examine the Covid-19 pandemic process very well and closely follow the changes and developments in education life and better design the effectiveness of schools in new pandemics.