The geological environment includes various monuments, resources, and geoparks built on these natural relics and resources. Geological tourism (Geotourism) teaching is a significant component of the college tourism specialty. Teachers stress that geological environments are non-renewable and guide students to learn Study Tourism and knowledge of geoparks. Study tourism is the combination of research, learning, and tourism experience. The Paleo Marine Geography and Biological Evolution Research Tour of the Sichuan Basin is a good example. China formulates standards for the construction of national geoparks. National Geoparks must have sound geopark planning and geological heritage protection measures. The on-site investigation is functional. Geotourism teaching can combine teacher's lectures and class group discussions.

Car dealers (tokunbo) in Sokoto metropolis use three strategies namely, extension of meaning, coinage, and borrowing in forming their slang that makes no sense to customers. The central objective of this paper is to study and analyze the aspect of language use to ascertain the existence of this slang. This paper is a product of primary data collection through interviews and direct observation of traders’ utterances. Six various locations (shops) in the Sokoto metropolis were carefully selected and eight traders were also interviewed. The findings of this paper discovered that the traders coin new words and semantically expand some Hausa words to suit their commercial communications. The paper also revealed that traders use slang in their communications, which cannot be understood by other Hausa speakers.

The successful prosecution of offences, including sexual offences like rape, is sometimes dependent on the framing of the charge or information by the Prosecutor. This takes additional complexity where the offence is committed by two or more suspects. In framing the charge, should the defendants be charged in one count or several counts for the rape of the victim but in the same charge sheet or information? And where two or more persons set out to commit rape but only one of them penetrated the prosecutrix, can all the defendants be charged in one count with rape? Or is it only the defendant who penetrated the victim that can be charged with rape whilst others are charged in different count with kindred offences like sexual assault or attempt to commit rape? This paper examines the rules of drafting of charges within the context of sections 7 of the Criminal Code Act and similar provisions in the Penal Code in relation to the vital ingredients of rape and argues that where two or more suspects are accused of actively participating in the commission of rape in jurisdictions where the Criminal Code Act applies, they should be charged jointly in the same count and in the same charge sheet or information. Whereas in jurisdictions where the Penal Code applies, each person who penetrated the victim should be charged with rape whilst others should be charged with abetting the rape in a separate count but in the same charge sheet. Adopting a doctrinal methodology, a critical examination of the relevant authorities in Nigeria and other jurisdictions will be undertaken. It will be recommended that where more than one defendant is charged in a count for rape, this should not vitiate the charge as such charge is actually technically valid.

Educational output is measured by the competence of teacher, and for any teacher to be competitive enough to withstand the global capability, he or she required acquisition of some level of competence skill, thus fostering teacher’s competencies for global competitiveness is a necessary issue in teacher education. Two areas of teacher's competence (teacher’s pedagogical and intercultural competence) for global competitiveness was discussed. It was pointed out that in order to enhance teachers' capacity to instruct, the subject of teacher teacher’s pedagogical and intercultural competence becomes one that calls for critical consideration. To fosters teachers’ competence motivation is essential for teachers to maintain their zeal and enthusiasm and have a greater global impact.

Aim of this study: It was to determine the prevalence of Mandibular Incisive Canal (MIC) among a sample of Yemeni adults obtained from Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study which is conducted in Yemen to evaluate CBCT images of 180 subjects, 360 sides were evaluated respectively. The samples were 74 males (41.1%) and 106 females (58.9%). Result: Of the 180 subjects and 360 sides, 167 right (92.8%) and 171 left (95%) Sides were found to have MIC. Among these subjects, 166 (96.5%) had MIC bilaterally and 6 (3.5%) were unilaterally. According to gender, females were (98.1%) and males (91.9%), while among age groups ≤ 40 years (94.3%) and > 40 years (97.3%) were found to have MIC. The mean height of MIC was 1.77 ±.45mm and the mean width was 1.66 ±.44 mm. The mean length of MIC was 12.74 ±4.4 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the alveolar process was 16.77 ±4.06 mm and to the inferior border of the mandible was 8.61 ±1.9 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the labial bony surface was 3.12 ±1.09 mm and to the lingual bony surface was 4.35 ±1.5 mm. All the mean values of the linear measurements were slightly higher in males than that of females. There were statistically significant differences in D3, D5 & D6 between genders and in D3, D4 & D5 between ages (P < 0.05). But there was no statistically difference between sides. Conclusion: The MIC is present with a significant percentage of 95.6 % of Yemeni adults, which emphasizes the need to raise the awareness of MIC position and configuration among general practitioners and maxillofacial surgeons.

Without addressing environmental degradation and the social and economic inequities of the future, poverty reduction today cannot be accomplished or sustained. This is especially true when it comes to gender-based discrepancies in how the environment is used. Inherent societal gender inequality is a violation of human rights and a major concern for sustainable development. A thorough understanding of how men and women relate to the natural environment and environmental resources, as well as their rights and roles in resource planning and management, is required for social equity in society, gender-sensitive economic strategies, and environmental protection, according to discussions on equity and sustainable development in this paper. This understanding can be attained through environmental education programmes.

This paper is a critical analysis of The Chattering Wagtails of Mikuyu Prison, a collection of poems by Jack Mapanje. It aims at demonstrating how new voices in politics are often compelled to silence. It explores the factors that make the hope of the masses dissipate to make room for a great despair in the heart of both the masses and the political opponents and activists who in our case here are writers. To conduct this work, we have based our analysis on new historicism and post-colonial criticism using the qualitative research method. The results of our findings reveal that some people get involved in politics either directly or indirectly with the hope of bringing about changes in the management of their country so as to put it on the path of sustainable development. Unfortunately, the powerholders resort to all the possible means to show resistance through all possible means to silence and discourage them. This state of affairs constitutes a hindrance to a true development and a good political leadership in Africa where powerholders do not tolerate opposition at all.

This article aims at the description and the contrastive analysis of suffixation, part of the affixal derivation, of Biali and German. Indeed, it describes two types of suffixation in Biali, namely: nominal suffixation and verbal suffixation. On the German side, it identifies and describes four types of suffixation which are the nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial suffixations. From the contrastive analysis of these different types of Biali and German suffixation, it notes that they have nominal and verbal suffixations in common. It points out that their differences are noticeable at the level of adjectival and adverbial suffixations, because these are only found in German and not in Biali.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected all areas in the country. One area whose functioning had been significantly impacted by COVID-19 was education. The goal of this research was to determine practices of covid-19 pandemic containment measures among TVET students in Kakamega County. Cross-sectional research was conducted using a questionnaire. TVET students around the country filled out the survey after it was made available to them online. It was determined whether or not there was a statistically significant correlation between KAP (knowledge and attitude) and other socio-demographic factors by using chi-square testing. Using binary logistic regression, we were able to isolate and adjust for any confounding variables. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis (version 26). According to the respondents' demographic information, the vast majority of participants were male. Participants' average age was under 24. Majority of the respondents were single (n = 306, 78.1%) and were studying for diploma qualification (n = 238, 60.7%). In addition, most of them were in their second year of study (n = 192, 49.0%). With regard to practices, at least six practices were adhered to by 212 (54.1%) of the respondents. These eight PP include things like washing hands and using proper hygiene (70.7%), wearing of face masks (51.0%), and avoiding public places and maintaining a safe distance between individuals (50.9%). (74.0 percent and 64.3 percent respectively). According to the results of the binary logistic regression, females engaged in less harmful activities than men did with respect to COVID-19 (OR = 0.323, p 0.001). Age and academic year were also shown to have a role in the respondents' habits. Students aged 30 and over had a lower odd of engaging in negative behaviors than those aged 24 and under (OR = 0.631, p = 0.0083). In conclusion, over half of respondents were found to adhere to at least six measures, including hand washing and other forms of cleanliness, mask use, avoiding crowded areas, and keeping a safe space between themselves and others. However, a sizable percentage engaged in at least three harmful habits. Based on the findings of this research, the following are the recommended that for future studies, it will be important to get feedback from educators as well as students. The results of such research in the future would add to the body of data supporting the use of confinement techniques.

Objective: the study was planned to determine the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations (ANC) in the City Province of Kinshasa, and to identify the socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetric determinants; to help improve maternal and child health. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in October 2018 in the health zone of Matete and that of N'sele. 456 mothers took part by answering a questionnaire made available to them with supporting explanation. Data were statistically analyzed using jamovi 1.6.23 software. Descriptive analyzes and logistical regression made it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. Results: 74.1% of mothers had initiated ANC late. The main determinants were: residence in the N'sele’s Health Zone [OR = 3.61 (2.04 – 6.39); p ˂ 0.001]; low level of education [OR = 10.07 (2.68 – 37.87); p ˂ 0.001] or secondary level [OR = 4.61 (1.78 – 11.98); p≤0.002]; marriage [OR = 1.93 (1.04 – 3.59); p ≤ 0.037] as well as dietary restrictions during pregnancy [OR = 2.20 (1.11 – 4.36); p≤0.024]. Conclusion: the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations is very high in the City Province of Kinshasa. Strategies to encourage women to initiate early antenatal visits should focus on improving socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetrical conditions without forgetting the political and health aspects. The cultural consideration will have to hold the attention of the decision-makers or investigators to the projects related to this problem.

In order to examine and contrast the effects of brushing with miswak and nano calcium carbonate toothpaste on the surface hardness of human teeth surfaces that had been demineralized with citric acid, a study was conducted. Surface hardness was assessed using a Knoop Hardness Tester after brushing for fourteen or twenty-eight minutes, and data were compared using Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. These findings demonstrated that the increase in surface hardness following the use of nano calcium carbonate toothpaste was greater than the rise following the use of miswak toothpaste (p 0.05).

Introduction: Infertility is a common issue among married couples in Bangladesh. Infertility is often caused by a combination of multiple factors, and that individual cases of infertility can be complex and difficult to diagnose. Objective: To assess the determinants of infertility among the infertile couples both male and female. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Infertility unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during the period from 01.07.2018 to 30.31.12.2021. Five hundred infertile couples were recruited from the out-patient department of infertility unit who came to take treatment for their infertility problem. Results: Mean (± SD) age of the female patients was 27.1 ± 5.2 years ranged between 18-44 years. Mean (± SD) age of the husband of patients was 34.0 ± 5.9 years ranged between 22-55 years. Primary infertility was seen in 59.8% study subjects and secondary infertility was seen in 40.2% study subjects. In our study, most of the women (94%) had below normal (<3 U/L) serum FSH. Most of the women (96%) had below normal (< 2U/L) serum LH. Serum TSH was normal (0.2 – 4.5 mU/L) in 51.0% patients. Majority of the women (60.8%) had above normal (>21 pml/L) serum FT4 level. Most of the women 72.2% had normal serum prolactin level. In male patients, Testosterone level was above normal (>30 nmol/L) in majority of the patients (73.4%). In Hysterosalpigography (HSG), 0.40% had abnormal uterine cavity, 4.2% had septed uterus, 15.2% had bicornuate uterus, 1.0% had unicornuate uterus and 1.6% had endometrial polyp. Hysteroscopy found abnormal uterus in 1.2% of patients, abnormal uterine cavity in 11.4%, abnormal endometrial flakes in 12.4%, abnormal right ostium in 13.0% and abnormal left ostium in 12.6%. Intrauterine adhesion, polyp and submucus fibroid were found in 35.2%, 2.8% and 17.6% respectively. Laparoscopy found abnormal uterus in 3% patients, abnormal right fallopian tube in 33.2%, abnormal left fallopian tube in 34.2%. Also, abnormal right fallopian tube in 37.0% and abnormal left fallopian tube in 37.6%. Pouch of Douglas free was found in 63%. During dye test in laparoscopy, 57.6% patients were found positive. In quality, semen type was found poor (<4%) in majority (61%) of the husbands. Regarding semen count, above normal (>20 million/ml) level was found in majority of the patients (80.8%). Regarding semen quality, majority (96%) had oligospermia (<15 million/ml). In case of rapid linear (RL), normal (50-60%) level was seen in majority of the patients (81.6%). In case of slow linear (SL), below normal (<15%) was seen in majority (64.8%) of the patients. Regarding non-propagative (NP), normal (0-10%) level was seen in most of the (87.8%) patients. In case of morphology of sperms, above normal (>50 million/ml) level was seen in most of the patients (80.6%). Conclusion: This study shows that a significant percentage of both male and female are suffering from infertility. The major causes of male infertility are partly hormonal, structural abnormalities of male genitalia, infection of genital tract, and partly psychological. Causes of female infertility are mostly hormonal, structural abnormalities of the uterus, fallopian tubes, infection of the genital tract and partly psychological.

Increased consumer awareness of the health advantages of plant-based foods and beverages has resulted in a preference for functional beverages over traditional sugar-laden drinks and beverages that just satisfy thirst but give little or no nutritional or health benefits. This study carried out the formulation and sensory evaluation of cocoa beverages enriched with calcium and zinc. Nutritional composition, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were investigated using standard analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical chemist. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The result of proximate indicates that moisture, ash, and fibre content were within the normal range. The result also shows that the blend formulated contained an appreciable amount of vitamin A and minerals elements such as K, Na, Ca, and Zn which are public health importance. The result of functional properties indicate that bulk density range from (0.763 - 0.579 g/cm3), swelling index (0.7- 0.32 ml/g), reconstitution index (3.0 – 1.1 g/ml), water absorption capacity (0.6 – 0.58 ml/g) and pH (6.78-6.63). Therefore, on the basis of this study, it can be concluded that the formulated blends serve can serve as a good sources of macro and micro nutrients to combat hidden hunger.

Odontogenic pain is very common among pregnant women. Pregnant patients and their fetuses are more at risk when they experience pain, which frequently comes along with periapical or pulp infections. Therefore, it is crucial to offer adequate pain relief and eradication of the infection for the pregnant woman while maintaining the safety of fetus inside the womb. Antibiotics are used in endodontic treatment; thus, the choice of appropriate and safe antibiotic for pregnant patients is very important. The current study will highlight the antibiotics that can be used in the treatment of dental-related infections during pregnancy.

The metabolic profile of HIV/AIDS patient on HAART was investigated in comparison with HIV/AIDS patient who are HAART naive and also with the zero negative controls. Sixty (60) HIV subjects were used for the study and were carefully divided into two groups of thirty (30) each; group one were those on HAART and the other HAART naive while thirty (30) zero negative subjects were used as the control. Patients used for these studies are those who have been on the treatment for at least a year and not more than three years. Metabolic parameters assessed included serum total protein, albumin, globulin, electrolytes, creatinine and lipid profile. Results obtained reveals no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the serum electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in all groups and similar trend was also observed for total protein and albumin levels but a significant (P< 0.05) reduction was observed in the level of serum globulin concentration of patients on HAART (2.86±0.67) compared with the HAART naive (3.41±0.62). More so, there was significant (P<0.05) elevation in the serum total cholesterol concentration for the HAART group (150.9±15.01) compared with HAART naive (114.5±17.04) and similar trend was also observed for LDL-cholesterol which may be a possibly indication of altered lipid metabolism. Thus, patients on HAART should carry out routine biochemical check most especially lipid panel assessment to avoid risk of altered metabolism; lipid dystrophy etc.