Introduction: Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency is present in over half of population worldwide. Over a billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient or insufficient. It has been long known that VitD insufficiency contributes to development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Objective: To assess the serum vitamin D and TSH status in postmenopausal women who have undergone routine blood investigations. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of data of 61 patients in postmenopausal age group (45-75yrs) during their routine blood investigation for the first time at Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to March 2021. The data was collected from medical record section and appropriate statistical analysis was done using percentage and frequency. Results: Out of 61 patients Vitamin D was insufficient (10-30 ng/mL) in 34.4% and deficient (<10 ng/mL) in 18.0%, and remaining normal. In 4.9%, TSH was low (less than 0.3 mIU/L) and in 18.0% TSH was high (more than 4.5 mIU/L), while the remaining 77.0 had normal TSH levels (0.3-4.5 mIU/L). 54.5%(n-11) patients with high TSH, had vitamin D deficiency and 18% patients with high TSH had insufficient vitamin D. 100% (n-3) of patients with low TSH had normal vitamin D. 22 patients had normal TSH and normal vitamin D. Conclusion: Prospective longitudinal studies with larger subject numbers and more comprehensive measurement of thyroid function along with examining the indicators of innate immunity may shed light into the underlying pathophysiology and mechanisms involved in the interaction between thyroid function and VitD metabolism. High TSH levels was associated with low vitamin D levels, low TSH levels was associated with normal serum vitamin D level. Hence association was linear between TSH and vitamin D in post-menopausal women.

Class II division 2 malocclusion is an obvious category of Class II malocclusion with typical characteristics like retroclined maxillary incisors and severe deep over bite, caused by both skeletal and dentoalveolar factors. In fact, diagnosing class II division 2 maloclusion is quite simple; neverthless the treatment process and prognosis are complex and delicate. This case report illustrates a combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment of a 19-year-old female with permanent dentition, sagittal skeletal Class II pattern, hypodivergent facial type and both class II molar and canine relationship with class II division 2 incisor relationship. The treatment plan was divided into 3 consecutive phases: the dentoalveolar decompensation, which lasted 13 months, the surgery of mandibular advancement and the finishing stage. The treatment had successfully improved the smile arc, the masticatory functions, and the dental occlusion of the patient.

Oils derived from oil-bearing seeds or certain fruit pieces are known as plant oils or vegetable oils. Using the Soxhlet extraction technique and n-hexane as the solvent, Thevetia peruviana seed oil was extracted from the seed flour. Its physicochemical parameters were determined using standard analytical methods. The hydroxylation process was done through the vigorous stirring of the oil and formic acid with the slow addition of peroxide. The hydroxylated oil was analyzed for functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The results of the physiochemical parameters showed that Thevetia peruviana oil has acid value (3.88 mg KOH/g), iodine value (93.5 Wij’s), peroxide value (30.0 meq/kg), kinetic viscosity (1.6cp) and saponification value (121.76 mgKOH/g) while the hydroxylated oil has acid value (0.77 mg KOH/g), iodine value (81.40 Wij’s), peroxide value (7.85 meq/kg), kinetic viscosity (7.43cp) and saponification value (162.05 mgKOH/g). The FTIR results showed that both non-hydroxylated and hydroxylated plant oils had the following functional groups OH, CH, C=C, CH2, and C=O. The results showed that the bands were shortened in the hydroxylated oil spectrum except (OH) which became broad indicating the formation of the hydroxyl group by the consumption of the C=C band in the unhydrolyzed oil. The hydroxylation of plant oils using Thevetia peruviana shows the potential of the plant oil to be used as a precursor for the production of industrial intermediates which can replace the dependence on petroleum products.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI, previously known as acute renal failure) is a frequent complication that affects a substantial number of hospitalized patients annually. However, the relationship between severity of AKI and in-hospital outcomes in the setting of acute Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) has not been well- documented. Chronic kidney disease is a strong predictor of in-hospital mortality in the acute myocardial infarction setting. Objective: To evaluate the Outcome of admitted patients of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction with renal function. Methods: The Prospective observational study was carried out at the Cardiology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College and Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh from July 2020 to June 2021. 100 patients of STEMI diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. After getting serum creatinine level from them, eGFR was calculated and patients having <60ml/min were selected for the further studies. Results: In the STEMI patients, the ratio of male patients 76% and females’ patients (35%) was 3.34:1 with mean ± SD of age was 52.84 ±8.40 year. Among the 101 patients, chart indicating the outcome of the study patients where cardiogenic shock was found in 10.8% patients, heart failure was found in 24.7%, arrhythmias were found in 69.3% and death occurred in 5.9% of cases. Table 5 showing Stratification of patients by in relation with eGFR where different pattern and frequency of outcome was observed in relation with level of eGFR described. After calculating levels of eGFR, all the outcomes showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) except cardiogenic shock which didn’t show significance (P > 0.05. Conclusion: In concluded, that those who have renal impairment previously or develop after acute STEMI have inverse outcomes. As renal impairment is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke, the cardiovascular disease may develop early in the course of renal dysfunction.

Reportedly, SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Moreover, hyperglycaemia has emerged as an important risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. A cross-sectional study involving hospitalized patients in Sidi-Bel-Abbes with COVID-19 critical infection regardless of diabetes status was conducted. Data was collected from COVID-19 Registry, including age, sex, and blood sugar level at admission. Out of 800 patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 with, 332 patients (206 males, 126 females) exhibited hyperglycaemia, which equates to a prevalence of 41,5%. Patients had a median age of 64 years and a median blood sugar of 1,59. Admission hyperglycaemia was not statically associated with age and sex. Blood glucose status is paramount for ensuring safe and effective treatment of inpatients COVID-19. Additional studies are forthcoming to address the study's limitations and to better understand the impact of hyperglycaemia on COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: The current global pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a large literature on associated comorbidities, including diabetes. COVID 19 infection in a diabetic child can be complicated by severe ketoacidosis. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on a diabetic child. Observations: The first case involved a 12-year-old Congolese child from a diabetic mother who was hospitalized for febrile respiratory distress and a consciousness disorder. Biological examinations showed the first diabetic ketoacidosis. Chest radiography showed radiological images suggestive of COVID-19 involvement, which was confirmed by a PCR and a thoracic CT. The evolution was marked by the appearance of a left pleurisy of medium abundance, which regressed after treatment. Second, a 16-month-old infant with no prior history was admitted to the hospital for febrile dehydration with impaired consciousness. Biological tests were consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis. Multiplex PCRs were performed showing infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses (adenovirus, rhinovirus and enterovirus). Chest radiography was normal. The evolution was favorable under treatment with insulin therapy, rehydration, and antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: After discussing the role of decompensation or the triggering of diabetes in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the authors insist on the polymorphism of the clinical presentation and the need to perform a PCR in a diabetic child with ketoacidosis.

Transfer Pump Selection for Oyama Hotel. The calculation and selection of the transfer pump has been carried out in the clean water installation of the Oyama hotel building. Transfer pump is required to move (lift) clean water from the ground water tank to the roof tank. The pump selection method is based on calculation of pump capacity and head. Pump capacity calculation is based on water demand during peak hours. Pump head calculation is based on static head and friction loss in the piping. From the results of the calculations, the capacity is 20m3/hour and the pump head is 9 bars.

Liver cancer is a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. It remains the sixth most common cancer worldwide despite the preventable nature of its risk factors. Mouse double minute-2 (MDM2) is one of the candidate genes associated with liver cancer and an over expression of the gene may lead to liver cancer. This research was aimed at investigating the prevalence and frequency of risk factors in the MDM2 gene among liver cancer patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Forty five liver cancer patients and fifty controls were recruited for the study. Demographic information was collected from all the subjects using questionnaires and analyzed while blood samples were collected for molecular analysis. The result revealed a significant difference in the distribution of demographic variables in cases and controls (P<0.05). The overall frequency of mutations in MDM2 gene in the studied population in Calabar was 40%, odd ratio 1.25 and sex ratio 2.2:0.5.The major risk factors of liver cancer are hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, heavy alcohol consumption, aflatoxin B1 ingestion, tobacco smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by obesity and insulin resistance.The risk factors associated with liver cancer cases revealed that Hepatitis C virus infection was detected in 11 patients (24.4%), Hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) was found in 27 patients (60%), co-infection was found in 11 patients (24.4%), 19(42.2%) were involved in alcoholism and chain smoking, alcoholic consumption was 41(91%), consumption of moldy groundnut soup was 43 (95.6%) and family history of the disease was 10 (22.2%).The results revealed that out of the 45 patients recruited for the study, 15.1% were HIV positive, 17.7% were diabetic, 31.1% had melanin stool 24.4% had ascitis and 17.7% had hepatic encephalopathy as shown in Table 3. The liver function test carried out on the patients revealed that the albumin was 43.58±9.42 g/dl, creatinine was 136.62±177.98µmol/l, urea was 4.20±1.88mmol/l, the platelet was 180.74±104.70 x109 l/cells, the haemoglobin was 11.01±3.36g/dl, the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) present was 398.8±103.2ng/ml, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 45.65±66.01μmol/l, alanine transaminase was 31.67±33.37μmol/l and the international normalized ratio (INR) was 6.4±23.04.The alpha-feto protein among patients was 398.8±103.2ng/ml and this showed a strong indicator of hepatocellular cancer.The study therefore recommends that people in the area should avoid predisposing and risk factors such as alcoholism, smoking and unhealthy lifestyle which promotes the spreading of liver cancer among genetically (MDM2) susceptible liver cancer patients in Calabar The findings serve as baseline information for further studies on the genetic etiology and therapeutic initiative for the disease.

In recent years, studies have placed a greater emphasis on the scientific evaluation of historical plant-based medications, as well as the examination of various plant parts for medicinal and pharmacological significance. In light of cultural histories and ancient medicine from previous decades, which have continued to promote the healing benefits of plants and their extracts, the medicinal values of plants cannot be overstated. Nutraceuticals are the use of therapeutic properties of plants or plant parts to prevent and control illness. The Zingiberaceae family includes Curcuma longa (Turmeric), which is one of the most innovative nutraceuticals. It is widely grown and consumed in India and Asian countries as a shelf-life enhancer and preservative, aromatic, and coloring ingredient. It possesses anti-glycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-viral properties, among other health advantages. For millennia, Curcuma longa has been regarded safe to use as a spice and seasoning.

Among the woody species found in Haiti, two are of primary importance: Ceiba pentandra, known in the region as mapou, and its counterpart, Ficus thonningii (or Figuier maudit). Both species are renowned in various places worldwide for their medicinal and pharmaceutical attributes. However, in Haiti, they are primarily associated with entrenched meanings related to the cultural beliefs and practices of native Haitians, who staunchly maintain the supernatural potentialities of these flora. Several researchers attest to their numerous healing benefits for the symptoms of many illnesses, but medical data have not been sufficiently compelling despite this pervasive belief system. Longitudinal inquiries could uncover a cultural motive for this fixation on unproven facts, at the risk of underestimating many other valuable attributes of the trees. In this study, general system theory was applied to analyze aspects of Haitian culture relative to individual beliefs about those species. The rationale of this phenomenon could be a case of communicative autopoiesis, whereby a system of operations creates a structure, thus establishing a network that continuously reproduces more operations within the system. Those traditional perceptions are trapped and buried, without the possibility of refinement or factual examination. The rigidity of those norms is so questionable that the presumption of a principle was essential. In the present study, it was assumed that those traditions derive from a series of linguistic operations that create a network wherein the process of autopoiesis occurs repeatedly in the system (L.O.A.S), as this network continues to replicate. The claim is that there is a method of communication that exists and maintains those trends. The assertion here is to cultivate an alternative to deep-rooted cultural views as much as to enlighten the locals with valuable knowledge and benefits regarding the flora under consideration.

Chorangioma is a placental lesion consisting of capillary proliferation in chorionic villi and typically presents as a nodule or as multiple nodules on the placenta. It is a rare abnormality of placental vascular development and its clinical characteristics depend on size of the lesion. Giant chorangioma is chorangioma with an average diameter greater than 5cm. It is associated with both maternal and foetal complications. This report documents our findings in a hysterectomy specimen removed from a 40-year old female, following emergency hysterectomy for intractable postpartum haemorrhage after an elective caesarean section for three previous sections. A giant chorangioma was discovered in association with both placenta praevia and placenta increta. The outcomes for both mother and child were good.

Growing demand of aluminium in domestic and international markets, forcing aluminium producers to modify their smelter to increase the production as well as to reduce the electricity consumption, though to build a new aluminium smelter plant is one of solution to meet this demand. This article is described modification one of the aluminium smelter plant in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia as a parts of aluminium smelter upgrading project to reach production up to 300,000 TPY.

To shed some light on the English translation of Song lyrics, this paper takes the English translation of allusions in Song lyrics by Xin Qiji as the research object, analyzes the role of the frame theory in the English translation of allusions in Song lyrics, and explores the strategies suitable for the translation of allusions from the frame theory perspective.

Covid 19 is the global pandemic that continues to surprise us day after day with its atypical clinical expressions, and its variable systemic damage from one patient to another. We report 3 clinical cases of patients with covid 19, in whom we diagnosed diabetes for the first time. The evolution of their diabetes towards remission marks its particularity. This so-called “covid” diabetes reminds us of transient neonatal diabetes.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of backpacks on body posture and spinal morphology in children and adolescents, and the relationship between them and back pain in adolescents, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research in this area. Methods: The literature on backpacks, body posture, spinal morphology and back pain was searched and the results were analyzed. Results: The studies mainly focused on the effects of backpack type, weight and position on their muscle activity; and the main muscles studied were upper trapezius, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis, while the studies on other muscles were still insufficient. Conclusion: Backpack type and method, backpack weight, backpack strap design, backpack position, and backpack time all have different effects on muscle activity in various parts of the adolescent body, and these effects may lead to back pain, which is one of the factors affecting spinal health that cannot be ignored.