In December 2019, the WHO China Country office was informed of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology, in Wuhan city. The pathogen was later identified as a member of the β-coronaviridae family, and the disease it caused was named Covid-19. The outbreak rapidly evolved over the next few months to become a pandemic that resulted in drastic effects on global healthcare and economy. Diabetic patients were affected equally as non-diabetic individuals; however, the impact of the disease was much worse amongst them. We aim to briefly review the incidence and characteristics of Covid-19 infection among diabetic patients, elaborating into the pathophysiology of the disease and the possible mechanisms which may explain the severity of the disease amongst them, through a review of published articles in Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases, till the first of January 2022.

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). Its aggression is owing to late diagnosis so poor prognosis and higher mortality rate are reported. Colon cancer has become a thorny research region that requires more examination in cellular pathways involved in its emergency. Here we aim to investigate the possible anticancer properties of the clove oil as natural and popular oil in colon cancer CaCo-2 cells. Accordingly, cell viability rate and number of survived cells were monitored in response to the clove oil treatment compared with the black seed oil and DMSO-treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production was also considered as an indicator for necrotic event following treatment. The relative gene expression of Raf-1, MEK, and ERK was detected as proliferation effectors that linked to the expression profile of the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and TP53 using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Interestingly, here we identified Raf-1 pathway as a potential targeted singling by the clove oil resulted in controlling colon cancer cell proliferation. The current study elucidates the anticancer activities of the clove oil in colon cancer division through restoring the relative gene expression of PTEN and TP53 accompanied by over-production of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) and IL-1β. Accordingly, treatment of the CaCo-2 cells with different concentrations of the clove oil increased programmed cells cell death (PCD) and inhibited the proliferation singling when compared with the black seed oil. Collectively, our results demonstrate that controlling of Raf-1 activity and PCD by clove oil treatment provide evidence for its anticancer effect in colon cancer cells.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune sub-epidermal bullous disorder with a complex etiopathogenesis, predominately affecting the elderly. We report a case of COVID vaccination- induced BP, in a 30-year-old previously healthy Indian male who presented with a 1month history of itchy generalized vesiculo-bullous eruption that developed 3 days after receiving the first dose of the COVID vaccination. Histological examination and direct immunofluorescence study showed a sub-epidermal blister with a dermal inflammatory infiltrate and linear epidermal staining of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone in an n-serrated pattern. Treatment with oral prednisolone and oral doxycycline resulted in significant improvement in his condition. To our knowledge, there are limited case reports to date particularly in the Middle-East, which describe BP triggered by COVID vaccination.

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth. Dentigerous cyst linings were found to have the potential to transform into ameloblastoma. Two distinct examples of ameloblastoma developing in the wall of a dentigerous cyst are described here.

Background: Folate deficiency is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies in women, especially those of reproductive age. Folic acid intake prior to, and during, the first months of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects. Maternal folate status has been associated with other adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, malformations (orofacial clefts, Neural tube defects, anencephaly and encephalocele resulting from incomplete neural tube closure during early embryogenesis), spontaneous abortion, fetal death, fetal growth restriction and preterm delivery. Methods: The study embraced a cross-sectional study that assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of preconceptional folic acid supplementation among pregnant women (18-45years) attending antenatal clinic in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. 152 women attending antenatal clinics in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 21 for frequency and percentage at P < 0.05 significance level. Results: 98.7% of the participants had heard about folic acid, but an analysis of data shows that 26.6% of them knew that folic acid is a vitamin. In addition, very few (29.6%) knew that folic acid could prevent neural tube defects. The main source of information about folic acid supplementation among the surveyed women were through the health workers. Incidence of at least one episode of adverse pregnancy outcome was noted in about 35.5% of the population under study though a majority indicated the form for their loss were miscarriage and stillbirth. Finding showed that 37.5% of the respondent claimed to have used folic acid before pregnancy while 40.1% of the women in this study were aware of the right time to start using folic acid. 46% of the women took folic acid during Antenatal care and their reason were attributed to late presentation for antenatal care, delayed prescription of the folic acid for women during pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy while others claimed they are getting enough folate from food. Approximately 40.8% of the respondents had started supplementation on antenatal booking and from analysis of data on the preferred/normal booking time of the respondents it shows that a high percentage of them attended antenatal from the third month of pregnancy this shows that the majority of the respondents started supplementation too late which is inconsistent with the ideal time to start folic acid supplementation in prevention of neural tube defect. In this study it has been revealed that 48% of the respondents could identify green leafy vegetable as the only source of folate in local foods and 0.7% could identify other food sources like legumes and fruits as sources of folate. Conclusion: There is a low overall level of awareness of folic acid among pregnant women including lack of understanding of its natural sources, usefulness in preventing Neural Tube Defects and preconceptional intake recommendation. Health education regarding the preconceptional use of folic acid among women of reproductive age is recommended.

This pilot study examines the production of Egyptian Arabic (henceforth EA) adjunct wh-questions (e.g., when) among two EA-English bilingual Children living in Ontario, Canada and an EA monolingual child living in Cairo, Egypt. The control group consists of two first-generation adult Egyptian immigrants in Ontario, Canada. The focus of the study is on the position of wh-phrases in EA wh-adjuncts, which exhibits a surface overlap between English and EA. In typical English wh-adjuncts, and wh-arguments as well, leaving the wh-phrase where it was originally generated (wh-in-situ) is ungrammatical and the wh-phrase must occur clause-initially (fronted wh-phrase) (Radford, 2004). In EA wh-adjuncts, there are two possible positions of the wh-phrase, fronted wh-phrase and wh-in-situ (Wahba, 1984). Findings from an oral elicited production task showed that the EA monolingual child significantly preferred wh-in-situ (94.4% of the time), and a fronted wh-phrase occurred only once in his responses. In contrast, the EA-English bilingual children predominantly preferred fronting the wh-phrase (97.3% of the time). As the fronted wh-question is the only grammatical option in typical English wh-questions, this result may indicate a possible crosslinguistic influence from English, the majority language of the bilinguals’ society, into EA. Regarding the adult controls, they showed true optionality as they produced roughly around the same amount of the fronted wh-phrase and wh-in-situ, 52.8% and 47.2% respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the crosslinguistic influence hypothesis of Müller and Hulk (2001) and the developmental trajectory proposed by Shin & Miller (2021).

Through advances of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, smart home concepts have become increasingly prevalent, and they are gradually being adapted in society. Apart from cost efficiency and user convenience, implementing monitoring and control in a smart home has the potential to also increase energy efficiency. In this paper, a web-based monitoring and temperature control for an air conditioning (AC) system is proposed. The long-ranged AC control system consists of three ZigBee devices that enable wireless communication between the temperature, remote, and router modules which sends data over the internet using ESP8266. A web-based interface was also developed to display room temperature, last temperature of the AC, and a button to activate/deactivate the AC. The results showed that the prototypical system fulfilled the expected functionality, and that ZigBee is a robust choice of communication protocol.

Meetings are integral to the operations of statutory corporations and incorporated companies. However, based on the current pandemic, restrictions were placed on public gatherings which meant that corporations in Nigeria (which hitherto mostly had physical meetings), could not conveniently meet at physical venues. While it was a norm for groups to hold their meetings electronically, it is questionable if corporations in Nigeria could properly hold virtual General Meetings. This article seeks to consider the regularity or otherwise of Virtual General Meetings with regards to incorporated entities under the Corporate Affairs commission.

A limited liability company (PT) or Naamloze Vennootschap (NV) is a legal entity to run a business that has capital, with the organs of the company being the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), Directors, and Commissioners. Based on the explanation of Law Number 40 of 2007, the appointment of the Board of Directors is the authority of the GMS. The Board of Directors has the authority to represent the company both inside and outside of the court. Likewise, the Board of Commissioners is also the authority of the GMS. The Board of Directors has the authority to supervise the company which is carried out by the Board of Directors. Directors and Commissioners are appointed for a certain term of office in accordance with the Articles of Association and/or the decision of the GMS. If their term of office has expired, the Directors and Commissioners can be reappointed. The GMS can, however, decide at any time to get rid of the Board of Directors and Commissioners.

Background: The outbreak of Covid 19 started in China in December 2019 and from then it rapidly spread around the whole world. Know a day, knowledge on the risk factors as well as the major symptoms of Covid 19 for its early detection and successful treatment of suspected Covid 19 patients. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and major symptoms in covid-19 suspected patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital, Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from November 2020 to March 2022. In total 126 suspected Covid 19 patients attended the mentioned hospital during the study period were selected as the study people. Data were collected from patients and/or their attendants through direct or telephonic interview by using a pre-designed questioner. The statistical analysis was done by the SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study, in analyzing the risk factors among the participants we observed that, 10% and 7% were with ‘recent exposure to a Covid 19 patient’ and the ‘higher length of symptoms before the indexing’ respectively which were noticeable. Besides these, 6%, another 6%, 3% and 2% were with Bilateral lung infiltrates, peripheral lung infiltrates, Neutrophil count <7.5 × 103/L and LDH > 500 U/L respectively. As the major symptoms, the highest number of participants was with cough which was found among 54%. Besides this, 38%, 23% and 17% patients were found with shortness of breath, Hypoxemia/Oxygen use and lower limb swelling respectively. Conclusion: As per the findings of this current study we can conclude that, the ‘recent exposure to a Covid 19 patient’ and the ‘higher length of symptoms before starting treatment, may be considered as the most potential risk factors for suspected Covid 19 patients. On the other hand, cough is the most common symptoms for suspected Covid 19 patients.

Covid-19 has affected the world’s economic sectors, including Indonesia. This can be seen from the declining of the company’s operational activities until the threat of the company to become bankrupt, so that it can influence the stability of the country. The government tries its best to recover the economy. Therefore, the objective of this research is to test the effect of cash flow, board independence, and company size on financial distress. It is classified as causal research with quantitative approach. The population used in this research is all transportation and logistics companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2019-2021. The sampling technique is simple random sampling with Slovin formulation, so that there are 72 samples used after outliers. All the information of the samples are obtained from the annual financial statements downloaded from the official company’s websites. The analysis technique is multiple regression linear with SPSS 22 as a research tool. The results indicate that cash flow has a significant effect on financial distress whereas board independence and company size do not have significant effects on financial distress.

The concept of ‘New Woman’, a feminist ideal, emerged in the late 19th Century is one of the most explored themes in men and women writing. The phrase “New Woman” has been defined differently in different contexts, by men and women writers. Men writers tend to depict ‘new woman’ as the one who goes against the traditional norms and ethics to fulfill her desires following western culture and never minds her family and values, on the other hand women writers present her as progressive and conscious of her rights to contribute greatly for general welfare, playing a supportive role in the society and family. This is the significant shift that women writers focus in their writings through their realistic representation of new womanhood traumatised by socio-cultural constructs. The impetus for this study is drawn from the centrality of psychological trauma and internal anguish faced by the three generations of women characters - Kalyani, Sumi and Aru - in Shashi Deshpande’s novel, A Matter of Time, set in coterminous patriarchal Indian society. Facing the repression in the male dominated, tradition bound society, they resist the wrongs within the culturally determined space and gain their identity. The study concludes that the essence of ‘New Womanhood’ does not ascribe autonomy and individuation of woman through radicalism, rebellion or opposition of action; but expression of agency through self-actualization, as Deshpande’s repressed characters show in A Matter of Time. The research methods applied in the study shall be textual and discourse analysis along with psychoanalytic feminism.

Background: Misoprostol is an analogue of prostaglandin (PGE1) and the first registered PGN used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Misoprostol should not be used in pregnant women but it can be used in termination of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). It has been used for the induction of abortion in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Misoprostol has already been proved to be effective and efficient for second trimester since 1987. There is insufficient information available from clinical trials to support their use to induce labor in third trimester of pregnancy. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to describe the effect of misoprostol in third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in two large hospitals in Dhaka city, which is the capital of a South Asian country, Bangladesh. The record of the studied subject was taken from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Alpha Hospital and the maternity ward of Beta Hospital from June 2018 to August 2019. The actual names of the two hospitals are pseudonym for privacy. A detailed history of each patient was taken and physical and obstetric examination were done. In total 52 patients were investigated and data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results: In this study, the primi gravida response time was found as the highest. On an average 20.34 hours was needed for the primi gravida category. In single, 2 and multi-parity cases the average pain response times were found as 16.3125, 10.3375 and 14 hours respectively. In Primi, 2nd, 3rd and 5th gravida cases the average delivery times were found 13.0714, 12.5938, 9.0769 and 3 hours respectively. Against single, two and three doses of misoprostol, the average pain response times were found 7.6875, 11.5375 and 19.25 hours respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it had been found that, most of the patient of IUFD was ‘primigravid’ (30.8%) of total respondents having complication with medical and endocrinal disease. Pre- eclampsia is more common in prim gravid than multi. There is history of thyroid dysfunction. In some cases, now a day, GDM is the cause behind IUFD.

This paper presents a real - time model of the DC motor speed control system. The PID controller is used to estimate the error between the actual speed and the set speed to adjust the Pulse - width modulation (PWM) inverter. The actual speed is measured through the encoder that provides training and testing data for PID controller. Simulation results are compared with the real-time results to address advantages and disadvantages of the system.

The outrageous number of Awaiting Trial Inmates is one of the know fallouts of the weak criminal justice system of Nigeria. This phenomenon was egregiously exposed during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In the face of the lockdown and consequent shut down of courts, the fate of these inmates is largely uncertain. This article considers the fairness of this treatment by considering the pre-trial rights of defendants under the Nigerian Constitution. It recommends the issuance of Bondsmen Regulation to ease the process of perfecting bail in Nigeria. The article concludes by advocating for a complete over haul of the Nigerian Bail System.