Introduction: Preterm labor is one of the clinical events that can change a normal pregnancy into a high-risk one for both the mother and the fetus. Preterm labors are thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including decidual bleeding and uterine deformation. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to observe the maternal complications of preterm birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from January to June of 2015. Purposive sampling method was used to select a total of 100 women from those admitted at the study hospital for deliveries according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Most of the patients were from the third decade of life. Majority (61.0%) patients had multi para. Majority (39.0%) patients were gestational age 34 weeks. More than half (53.0%) had infection, among which urinary tract infection were the most common. Neonatal death was 61%, and most common cause of neonatal death was septicemia, followed by respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 3rd decade of life, and did not receive regular antenatal check-up. Infection and pre-eclampsia were the most common maternal complications, while respiratory distress syndrome was the most common perinatal morbidity. Septicemia and respiratory distress syndrome were the most common cause of perinatal death.

Background: Worldwide, head and neck cancer (HNC) was the 6th most common cancer in 2020 in all ages and both sexes. In Bangladesh, lip and oral cavity cancer was the 2nd most common cancer in 2020. Up to 60% of HNC patients presents with locally advanced disease. Aim and Objective: To determine treatment Interruption and hospital admission in head and neck cancer patients during concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without prophylactic nasogastric tube feeding. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed in Radiation Oncology Department of National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. A total number of 68 Patients (34 patients in each arm) was included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive Sampling technique. All patients in Arm A and Arm B were planned for total 66 Gray in 33 daily fractions, 2 Gray per fraction, 1 fraction per day, 5 fractions per week over 6½ weeks and inj. Cisplatin 40mg/m² was given intravenously 2 hours before radiotherapy on 1st day and then weekly. All the information’s were recorded in a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis was done by using independent sample t test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables and data were presented in tables and graphs. Results: In this study, mean age was 52.5 ± 8.5 years and male: female ratio was 4.2: 1 among all patients. The Incidence of treatment interruption was significantly lower in Arm A compared with Arm B (29.4% in Arm A and 70.6% in Arm B, p-value < 0.05). There were fewer patients who required hospitalization in Arm A (23.5% in Arm A and 55.9% in Arm B) and length of hospital stay was less too (5.3 ± 1.7 in Arm A and 10.0 ± 1.9 in Arm B, p value <0.05). There were no significant differences in treatment response and toxicities between the two groups. Conclusion: Prophylactic nasogastric tube feeding at the beginning of CCRT in head and cancer patients is beneficial in terms of preventing treatment break and reducing hospital admission.

The antiquity of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is replete with the search for effective and efficient models of governance to aid harmonious co-existence among the federating units. This has unfortunately led to an unending discussion on constitutional restructuring. The Legal framework and the institutions charged with the responsibilities of developing these models is and are established by the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). Nigeria is increasingly becoming a theatre of war and terrorism centre where human life is not valued. Nigeria is stressed and distressed, with ‘revolutionary pressures’ everywhere. How did we get to this gridlock? How do we get out of it? And where do we go from here? Why is a country that was once ranked with India, Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea still moving in circles instead of moving up? Why are we still a country in transition, more than a century after the Amalgamation? Are we fated to be a banana republic? This paper is to examine, cross-examine and re-examine these and other questions. It is the view of the researchers that all though the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) is not a perfect document, the major problem is that those saddled with the responsibility of implementing the provisions of the constitution are allowing the primordial sentiments of ethnicity and religious inclinations to becloud their sense of patriotism and nationhood, hence the constitution is implemented more in breach and default. There is therefore the need for a mental re-orientation and national re-birth to forge a greater sense of unity among the diverse ethnic groups that make up the Nigerian nation. The paper concludes by suggesting for the rapid mental renovation of political office holders and all citizens to embrace the rule of law where justice, fairness, and equity will regulate human conduct. This will ultimately metamorphosed into building a strong institution rather than strong personalities in Nigeria. The researchers ultimately advocates for sincere implementation of the provisions of the constitution as it is, pending constitutional amendment. The research methodology utilized by the researchers is the Qualitative Research methodology.

The Liquid-Liquid equilibria of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol – Water – Benzene System were measured experimentally at 30°C and 1atm pressure. The experimental binodal curve compositions were obtained using the cloud point method. The compositions of the two equilibrium phases were analysed using Agilent 7820A series Gas Chromatograph. The consistency of the experimental data was determined using the Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman- Brown correlation equations while the plate point was determined using the Treybal’s method. The effectiveness of the solvent in the extraction was determined by calculating the distribution coefficients and separation factors. The experimental tie-line data were correlated with the Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) and Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models. Also, the deviation between the experimental and calculated equilibrium compositions were calculated using the root mean squared deviation equation. The UNIQUAC predicted data gave a closer resemblance to the experimental.

This present paper deals with large deflection of clamped thin rectangular isotropic plate under uniformly distributed load. The analysis of clamped plates is of great important and its structural behavior has not been completely understood. Previous studies have made a great in road in the analysis of clamped plates through varied approaches mostly assuming trigonometric series as displacement field. A variational method based on the principle of minimization of total potential energy has been employed through assumed displacement field. Therefore, the von Karman differential equation was decoupled through direct integration retaining its non-linear character. The aim of this present studies is to provide solution to analysis structural behavior of clamped (CCCC) thin rectangular isotropic plate under uniform distributed. The analysis was accomplished through a theoretical formulation of shape function based on polynomial series and subsequently, the formulated shape function was used on Ritz energy method. The resulting functional was minimized to obtain a general amplitude equation of the form K1∆3+K2∆+K3. Where K1, K2 and K3 are coefficients of amplitude equation and ∆ is the deflection coefficient (factor). Newton-Raphson method was used to evaluate the deflection coefficient. Values of ∆ from Timoshenko and that from present study were compared with an aspect ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 with an increment of 0.1. From results obtained, the average percentage difference for the pervious and present studies is 3.7646%, The percentage difference for the plate was within acceptable limit of 0.05 or 5% level of significance in statistics. It is shown from the comparison that good agreement exists between the present and previous works and that this approach provides simply, direct, straightforward and highly accurate solutions for this family of problems.

This study this study therefore examines guessing parameters and 2016 and 2017 NECO Mathematics multiple choice test items in Calabar education zone. The research objectives specifically compared the guessing parameter of the 2016 and 2017 NECO Mathematics multiple-choice test items; and also, compared the measurement theories and year of examination on reliability coefficient of 2016 and 2017 NECO Mathematics multiple-choice test items in Calabar education zone, Cross River State. To guide the study two research questions and hypotheses were further formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instrumentation research design was adopted for the study. One thousand three hundred and fifty-one (1,351) students were selected using the stratified random sampling procedure. Two instruments, namely the 2016 and 2017 NECO mathematics multiple choice tests were used for data collection. Using ANOVA and correlated t-test to analyze data collected from the field, the result reveals that guessing parameter and reliability indices of the 2016 and 2017 NECO mathematics multiple choice tests were significantly different. It was concluded that guessing parameters differed significantly with the years of study and also, there was a significant influence of measurement theory and year of test on item reliability on NECO mathematics examination papers significant difference exists between psychometric properties using the different measurement theories. Based on these findings, it was recommended that NECO should use the item response theory (IRT) in assessment for its relative merit over the CTT.

This research work presents Nonlinear Analysis of Isotropic Thin Rectangular Plates using Energy Principle (Ritz method). Isotropic thin Rectangular plate having different twelve boundary conditions were analyzed and these boundary conditions were formed by combination of three major supports – Clamp, C; Simply supported, S; and Free, F.; General expressions for displacement and stress functions for large deflection of isotropic thin rectangular plate under uniformly distributed transverse loading were obtained by direct integration of Von karman’s non-linear governing differential compatibility and equilibrium equations. Polynomial function instead of trigonometry function as was with previous researchers was used on the decoupled Von Karman’s equations to obtain particular stress and displacement functions respectively. Non-linear total potential Energy was formulated using Von Karman equilibrium equation and Ritz method was deployed in this formulation. This equation was fully converted to potential energy by multiplying all the terms in it with displacement, w and the formed total potential energy, π consists of potential energy of internal forces and potential energy of external forces. This formulated total potential energy π, could give an accurate approximation of displacement field if the parameters were properly chosen. However, we assumed deflection, w to be ∆H1, and stress function, ɸ to be ∆2H2 and substituted into the formulated potential energy. H1 and H2 are profiles of the deflection and stress function respectively, and ∆ is deflection coefficient factor of the plate. Potential energy formulated contains deflection coefficient factor to the power of four. This potential energy was minimized by differentiating it partially with respect to coefficient factor reducing to cubic form.

Osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone which begins as an infection of the medullary cavity with rapid involvement of the haversian systems and extension to the periosteum. Various etiological factors are involved in origin of the disease, among them fungal origin is rare. Specific feature in fungal osteomyelitis is involvement of maxillary sinus. Maxillary osteomyelitis can be classified based on the following causes: traumatic, rhinogenic, and odontogenic. I hereby report a case of fungal osteomyelitis involving maxilla in a 50-yearold man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This specific case was necrosed bone with analysed using Energy dispersive Xray and Scanning electron microscope analysis. This case report highlights the need of oral physician to rule out fungal origin in osteomyelitis.

This work is expository and evaluative in its methodology. It aims at offering a critical assessment of the claims of Gabriel Marcel on Creative Fidelity, in order to ascertain whether or not such claims are philosophically robust, sustainable and realizable, or merely deflationary and idealistic. Gabriel Marcel’s work on Creative Fidelity does not only deal with perennial themes of faith, fidelity and belief, incarnate being and participation, but also discusses religious tolerance and orthodoxy. Creative fidelity refers to the tenacious, constant desire to elaborate who we are. To have a greater sense of being, we need creative fidelity. For Marcel, to exist only as body is to exist problematically. To exist existentially is to exist as a thinking, emotive, being, dependent upon the human creative impulse. He believed that, as soon as there is creation, we are in the realm of being, and also that, there is no sense in using the word ‘being’ except where creation is in view. Thus, we become creatively faithful when we bridge the gap between ourselves and others by making ourselves present to them, and so defy absences with presence. Thus, it is not enough to be constant, since constancy is tenacity towards a specific goal, which requires neither presence nor an openness to change. If the creative élan is a move away from the objectification of humanity, it must be essentially tied relationally to others. Creative fidelity, then, entails a commitment to acts which draw the subject closer to others, and this must be balanced with a proper respect for the self. Self-love, self-satisfaction, complacency, or even self-anger are attitudes which can paralyze one’s existential progress and mitigate against the creative impulse. To be tenacious in the pursuit, the fidelity aspect is the most crucial part of the creative impulse, since creation is a natural outflow of being embodied. The central argument of this work is that “creative fidelity,” as theory, is quite captivating and fascinating, and seemingly realizable in a possible world of altruistic human beings. However, in practice, it seems unattainable or unrealizable, especially in a concrete world that is populated by self-serving, fragmented and broken human beings.

The study investigates the determinants of foreign banks’ entry decisions into Saudi Arabia and their relative importance. Seventy-one questionnaires were analyzed using the Distribution Fitting Algorithmic Approach (DFAA). This paper is situated in the existing literature on the Internalization Theory, Eclectic Paradigm, and Follow-the-Customers hypothesis. While we confirm the Follow-the-Customers hypothesis, we also found that the host market’s characteristics influence entry decisions. We envisaged that this paper would not only contribute to the existing literature but also inform policymakers and industry participants to better understand foreign banks’ entry into emerging and developing markets. Keywords: Foreign banks, Determinants, Entry decisions, Saudi Arabia.

Number of risk factors has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, such as age, previous sexually transmitted infection, previous PID, multiple sexual partners, or an intrauterine contraceptive device. Women who use an intrauterine device for contraception are at least 2-4 times more likely to develop PID than non-users. Women who have had PID are twice as likely to develop the infection as those who have never had it. A history of a prior uncomplicated gonococcal infection is more common among women with PID than among women without disease. The present cross- sectional study was conducted in J.N. Medical College and Hospital (J.N.M.C.H.), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Permission for doing the study was taken by the Board of Studies in the Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The study was carried out for a period of one year, from 1st August 2001 to 31st July 2002. The present study was carried out among ever married females in the reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years. Women, who gave positive history of PID, were asked to give their consent for the study. Their refusal was taken as exclusion criteria. Females with PID who were menstruating or who had taken antibiotic within the previous month were also excluded from the study. A total of 350 ever married females were selected from the Gynaecology OPD of J.N. Medical College Hospital (n=170), Urban Health Training Centre (n=100) and Rural Health Training Centre (n=80).A detailed clinical history and clinical examination were recorded on a pre-formed and pre tested proforma. All the females under study were subjected to per vaginal examination. The percentage of those female was more who used any cloth during menstruation. Out of 350 patients, 7.4% gave history of T.B, 24% gave history of previous episodes of PID, 12.0% gave history of MTPs/D&Cs. 5.1% had adopted IUCDs as a method of family planning.1.71% cases gave history of removal of IUCDs because of some complications. 75.0% of 80 cases (who adopted family planning) used IUCDs, OCPs and ligation. IUCDs, OCPs, ligation and irregular use of condoms probably increase chances of PID.

In most cities in developing countries, dwellers continue facing difficulties in adequately accessing potable water in sufficient quantity for their daily needs. These difficulties are perceived by households each time they fetch drinking water or try to get access to potable water for other household activities. This study aims to assess the problem of potable water supply in the Yaounde III Subdivisions’ neighbourhoods and the coping strategies developed by citizens to meet their needs. To achieve this objective, 300 households were selected and investigated based on purposive and systematic random sampling, particularly in the most densely populated neighbourhoods. We proceeded by identifying the different water supply sources of households for their various needs, and assessing the difficulties encountered in getting water and how they overcome them. Results reveal that in Yaounde III Subdivision only 34.33% of the households are supplied by the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER), while 65.67% rely on alternative water supply sources (wells, drillings and springs) without any pre-treatment. Among those connected to CAMWATER network, 46.6% do not have a regular water flow. Results also revealed that water sources were located at reasonable distances (less than 1 kilometre) and that 70% of households take less than 30 minutes to fetch water. Failure in water supply is mainly caused by the insufficient pumping capacity of the existing potable water treatment plants which lead to rationing and shortages, but also to rapid population growth and city extension not followed by the extension of the potable water distribution network. To fill the gap in water supply, it is imperative for public authorities to quickly achieve the project on water supply from the Sanaga River. Also, CAMWATER should extend its distribution network and improve its maintenance system.

The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the weakness in the regulation of rehabilitation for underaged narcotics abusers and how to reconstruct the law based on Justice Value. This study uses a constructivism paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solve research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by finding the legal reality experienced in the field as well as qualitative descriptive methods, namely where the data obtained are then arranged systematically so that a comprehensive picture will be obtained, where later the data will be presented descriptively. Based on the research it can be seen that the ideal Legal protection for children as narcotics abusers has not been achieved yet because there are still found cases where children who abuse narcotics are punished with imprisonment because of the law on child protection and the law on narcotics does not see in eye-to-eye regarding child narcotics abusers as the law on narcotics still treat Underaged Drug Abusers the same as adult. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out legal reconstruction in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics concerning General Provisions of Article 1, Article 103 where the provisions become, the addition of paragraphs in Chapter I on General Provisions in Article 1 so that Article 1 consists of 23 reconstruction paragraphs included in Article 1 paragraph (16), namely Children who are Victims of Narcotics Abuse, are children who are persuaded, deceived, cheated, forced, and/or threatened to use narcotics, alcohol, psychotropic substances, and other addictive substances. Article 103 becomes (1) Judges who examine cases of Narcotics Addicts are obliged to: a. decide to order the person concerned to undergo treatment and/or treatment through rehabilitation if the Narcotics Addict is proven guilty of committing a Narcotics crime; or b. stipulates to order the person concerned to undergo treatment and/or treatment through rehabilitation if the Narcotics Addict is not proven guilty of committing a Narcotics crime; c. In the event that a child commits an act of planting, maintaining, possessing, storing, controlling, or providing Narcotics Category I, II, II, he/she is obliged to obtain a rehabilitation decision; d. The rehabilitation of children who abuse narcotics is carried out in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Solar energy is a renewable source of energy. Usage of this energy can reduce the carbon emissions on the environment. To store electric energy produced from solar panels, a battery is used named solar battery. The capacity of storing electricity depends on the active materials of the battery cells. Normally the capacity of a lead acid battery depends on active materials, size of the plates, gravity of the acid, construction of the grid of the plates. In this research, all other variables responsible for battery capacity (gravity of acid, size of the plates, construction of grid etc.) are constant and only one variable is active materials of the plates. 4 batteries containing different amounts of active material are used to identify the best combination which gives the highest value of active mass utilization coefficient.

The research aims to analyze the weaknesses of the current rules for stopping the investigation of road traffic accident cases and how to reconstruct the rules for stopping the investigation of road traffic accident cases based on the value of justice. To achieve this goal, an empirical juridical approach is used. The research specification is descriptive analysis. Primary data was obtained directly from the field. Collecting data through field studies (interviews) and literature studies. The data is presented in the form of descriptions that are arranged systematically, logically, and rationally, and analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. Research shows that the weaknesses are caused by the imposing conditional crimes which include the following: (1) the legal substance, related laws, and regulations have not accommodated the unique traffic accident cases. (2) Legal structure, not all Resort Police (Polres) implement traffic accident cessation based on restoration justice. (3) The legal culture and public views on stopping the investigation of road traffic accident cases have not been fully understood by the public. and based on this, the legal Reconstruction of stopping investigations of road traffic accident cases based on the value of justice can be done by encouraging the immediate ratification of the Draft Criminal Code into the National Criminal Code, by expanding the basic criminal sanctions on traffic accident cases in the form of humanitarian assistance based on the agreement of the litigants. With the following formulas: 1. The agreement of the litigating parties is requested for a resolution/deed of reconciliation to the Court Judge. 2. The decree/deed of peace has legal force and executorial power as well as control by state institutions outside the police as investigators. 3. The deed of peace from the judge is used as the basis for stopping the investigation for the sake of the law because the application of restorative justice is needed in order to realize a fair and transparent law.