Cloud-based SaaS platforms now run essential services across finance, healthcare, and government sectors. Many of these systems include automated agents and decision engines that operate at high speed and scale. Identity and access governance therefore serves as a central control layer. Traditional IAM models depend on fixed roles, centralized authorization servers, and periodic reviews. Such structures struggle in distributed, multi-tenant environments that process millions of access requests each day. Prior studies address adaptive authentication, Zero Trust security, decentralized identity, anomaly detection, and cloud resilience. However, these solutions often function separately rather than within a unified framework. This paper introduces a Resilient Identity and Access Governance Architecture that integrates real time risk evaluation, distributed policy enforcement, lifecycle governance for human and machine identities, and fault tolerance in a single design. The framework defines measurable targets for availability, detection time, throughput, and policy propagation. Risk scoring occurs during live authorization decisions, and enforcement spans multiple nodes. The result is a scalable identity governance model suitable for complex SaaS ecosystems that require high availability and consistent control.

Background: Lung cancer remains a major public health, yet data from sub-Saharan Africa on immunohistochemical and molecular profiling are scarce. The identification of actionable molecular alterations, particularly anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, is critical for guiding targeted therapy. This study aimed to characterize the histological and IHC profiles of primary bronchopulmonary cancers diagnosed in Senegal, and to evaluate ALK rearrangement status using both IHC and FISH. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at three pathology centers. IHC was performed with differentiation markers (TTF-1, p40, p63, CK7, CK20, CK5/6, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, Ki-67), and two anti-ALK antibody clones (D5F3 and QR017). ALK rearrangement was assessed by FISH. Results: The mean age was 60.3 ± 6.7 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 3.8). Non-small cell malignancies accounted for 88.6% (n = 39) of cases, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent subtype (34.1% of all cases). TTF-1 was positive in 41% of tested cases; p40 and p63, in 23% each. ALK rearrangement was confirmed by FISH in 2 of 24 tested cases (4.5%). The D5F3 clone showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The QR017 clone showed 100% sensitivity with 95.5% specificity. A significant association was found between ALK positivity and adenocarcinoma histology (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility and clinical utility of implementing IHC and FISH techniques for lung cancer diagnosis in a sub-Saharan. Systematic ALK testing should be integrated into routine lung cancer diagnostics in Senegal to enable access to targeted therapies.

Halide perovskites have emerged as significant materials for the light-absorbing layer in many optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable optoelectronic capabilities. To enhance device performance for broader acceptance, it is imperative to identify novel solutions. A viable approach is the integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have demonstrated exceptional adaptability and effectiveness. In these devices, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fulfill many roles, such as supplying conductive substrates and electrodes, as well as enhancing charge extraction and transport. The forthcoming generation of photovoltaic devices, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), presents significant potential. Despite substantial advancements, concurrently attaining optimal efficiency, stability, and affordability continues to pose a challenge, necessitating the creation of innovative materials termed CNTs, which, due to their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics, have attracted significant interest as prospective materials for highly efficient PSCs. The integration of CNTs into perovskite solar cells enhances adaptability, facilitating advancements in device performance and durability for many applications. This article offers a comprehensive examination of current developments in carbon nanotube technology and its incorporation into perovskite solar cells, functioning as transparent conductive electrodes, charge transporters, interlayers, hole-transporting materials, and back electrodes. Furthermore, we identified significant obstacles and provided recommendations for future improvements in perovskite solar cells with CNTs.

Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBGS) have emerged as an effective technique for suppressing undesired harmonic components in microwave and RF systems. Harmonic distortion degrades signal integrity, reduces power efficiency, and increases electromagnetic interference in communication and power electronic circuits. This research presents the design and simulation of an EBGS based microstrip bandpass filter aimed at achieving compact size, sharp selectivity, and effective harmonic suppression. The proposed structure integrates periodic defected ground plane patterns beneath a microstrip transmission line to create frequency selective stopbands while preserving passband characteristics. MATLAB based modeling and full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze S parameters, insertion loss, return loss, and harmonic rejection performance. The results demonstrate that the EBGS based bandpass filter significantly attenuates second and third harmonics while maintaining low insertion loss within the desired passband. The proposed design provides improved selectivity and compactness compared to conventional microstrip bandpass filters. The study contributes to the advancement of high-performance filtering solutions for wireless communication systems, radar applications, and RF front end modules.

Enterprise web systems support many organizational functions, including digital transactions, cloud services, data storage, and enterprise software operations. As these systems operate across distributed infrastructures, traditional security models based on static authentication and network boundaries face significant limitations. This study proposes an identity-centric security model that integrates identity authentication, identity profiling, behavioral monitoring, risk evaluation, and policy-based access control within a unified framework. The model evaluates identity activity continuously during active sessions instead of relying only on initial login verification. Identity profiles contain contextual information derived from authentication attributes, device information, location data, and historical usage patterns. Behavioral monitoring observes session activity and identifies deviations from established patterns. A risk evaluation mechanism combines authentication irregularities and behavioral deviations to calculate identity risk scores. These scores guide policy-based access decisions within enterprise applications. Experimental analysis using simulated enterprise session data indicates improved anomaly detection capability, faster response to suspicious activity, and higher accuracy in access decisions compared with traditional role-based access control systems. Continuous monitoring and adaptive policy evaluation allow enterprise platforms to react to changing identity conditions during system interaction. The findings indicate that identity-centric security frameworks provide a context-aware approach for protecting enterprise web systems.

Industrial IoT systems rely heavily on wireless communication, yet security and regulatory compliance are often addressed separately during system development. This paper examines how wireless infrastructure security can be integrated with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radio frequency (RF) regulatory requirements at the design stage. It analyzes common wireless attack vectors in industrial settings, including jamming, spoofing, and protocol exploitation, and evaluates how regulatory constraints influence hardware and network architecture decisions. A security centered device architecture is proposed where RF shielding, grounding schemes, spectrum allocation, and firmware isolation are treated as interconnected design elements. The framework incorporates zero trust communication principles within industrial wireless networks while maintaining compliance with EMC standards such as IEC 61000 and relevant RF certification requirements. The study demonstrates that early coordination between cybersecurity engineering and compliance engineering reduces redesign cycles and certification delays. The proposed model offers a structured pathway for building industrial wireless systems that meet both security and regulatory obligations without post development modifications.

Digital banking platforms generate large volumes of operational information through transaction processing systems, system logs, and customer communication channels. Many studies examine transaction monitoring, fraud detection, and cybersecurity events. Customer interaction records receive less attention as a source of operational risk information. This study investigates the use of customer interaction data as indicators of operational conditions in digital banking platforms. The research examines interaction records collected from support tickets, complaint submissions, chat conversations, and service request logs. These records are analyzed together with Management Information System (MIS) event logs in order to identify recurring service issues and operational patterns. The proposed analytical framework organizes interaction data through several stages that include data collection, preprocessing, interaction pattern detection, and operational risk indicator generation. Repeated reports related to transaction delays, authentication failures, and application performance problems appear within the interaction dataset. These patterns correspond to operational events recorded in system activity logs. The study also introduces a quantitative operational risk score calculated from the frequency and severity of interaction categories. The results indicate that customer interaction datasets contain measurable signals related to operational disruptions within digital banking platforms. The analytical framework demonstrates that interaction records provide an additional information source for operational monitoring and risk analysis in digital financial services.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium with poor prognosis due to late presentation. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis but is invasive and limited in assessing tumor extent. Triphasic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) offers a non-invasive alternative for evaluation. Objective: To assess the diagnostic role of triphasic MDCT in characterizing cholangiocarcinoma and to correlate imaging findings with histopathology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from September 2022 to August 2024. A total of 33 patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma underwent triphasic MDCT. Imaging findings regarding lesion characteristics, location, growth pattern, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and enhancement patterns were analyzed. Histopathology was used as the reference standard. Diagnostic performance was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. Results: The mean age was 65.6 ± 7.51 years, with 66.7% males. Most tumors were perihilar (63.64%) and periductal infiltrating (60.6%). Ill-defined margins (69.7%) and delayed enhancement (81.82%) were common findings. Vascular invasion and lymph node involvement were seen in 27.3% and 39.39% of cases, respectively. MDCT showed a sensitivity of 89.66%, specificity of 75%, accuracy of 87.88%, PPV of 96.3%, and NPV of 50%, with a significant correlation with histopathology (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Triphasic MDCT is a reliable, non-invasive modality with high diagnostic accuracy for cholangiocarcinoma and is valuable for tumor characterization and staging.

Power electronic converters have been at the center of industrial systems and various energy systems such as renewable energy systems, industrial motor drives, and grid-connected power systems. The systems face harsh conditions, making reliability an essential factor for the design. The traditional procedure for the design of converters considers the reliability of the system after the parameters have been selected for the design, making it difficult to consider the parameters of the system during the design stage. This paper proposes a reliability-oriented design optimization framework for power electronic systems operating in industrial and utility-scale applications. The proposed methodology integrates electro-thermal modeling, physics-of-failure lifetime estimation, and mission-profile-based stress evaluation within a unified multi-objective optimization framework. Junction temperature profiles and thermal cycling patterns are obtained through electro-thermal simulation under realistic operating conditions. Device lifetime is then estimated using fatigue-based models, and the resulting reliability metrics are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization algorithm that considers lifetime, efficiency, and system cost. A case study involving a 500-kW grid-connected converter demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the optimized design reduces thermal stress and increases predicted semiconductor lifetime from 6.8 years to 13.6 years while maintaining high efficiency with a moderate increase in system cost. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach for reliability-oriented design of industrial power electronic systems.

Workforce productivity remains a key factor in the performance of service-oriented organizations where employee activity directly affects service delivery and operational outcomes. Effective productivity measurement requires systematic analysis of workforce performance indicators and operational data. This study presents a workforce productivity measurement framework designed for service environments. The framework integrates workforce analytics, management information systems data, and operational performance indicators to calculate a Workforce Productivity Index (WPI). The model uses several indicators, including task completion rate, customer satisfaction score, operational efficiency index, attendance consistency, and service response time. Enterprise information systems provide operational records that support quantitative evaluation of workforce productivity across service teams. The proposed model combines these indicators through a weighted productivity formula that generates productivity scores for employees or operational units. Evaluation results show clear performance differences across workforce groups and identify productivity patterns within service operations. Higher productivity scores correspond to efficient task completion, consistent attendance, and positive service feedback. The framework provides a structured approach for productivity evaluation using operational indicators and enterprise system data. The proposed model also supports workforce performance assessment and organizational productivity analysis within service-based operations.

Functional nutrition plays a pivotal role in aquaculture by promoting fish growth, enhancing immune responses, and mitigating the impact of environmental and pathogenic stressors. With the intensification of fish farming and growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, the use of functional feeds including nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, antioxidants, and immunostimulants has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. This review critically examines the nutritional requirements of fish, explores the bio efficacy of various feed additives, and evaluates their roles in gut health modulation, disease resistance, and stress mitigation. We also discuss proactive health management strategies and the integration of vaccination and feed-based interventions. The review highlights current advancements, identifies research gaps, and emphasizes the need for precision in formulating functional feeds tailored to species-specific requirements. This integrated nutritional approach supports healthier fish stocks, improves aquaculture productivity, and reduces the industry's ecological footprint.

This study investigated gender- and age-based differences in the quality of life (QoL) of residential school adolescents using the WHOQOL-BREF framework. A total of 216 students from residential schools in West Bengal, India, participated in the study (Male 14–15 years: n = 68; Male 16–17 years: n = 46; Female 14–15 years: n = 51; Female 16–17 years: n = 51). Participants were assessed across four Quality of Life (QoL) domains: physical health, psychological health, social health, and environment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the combined effects of gender and age, followed by univariate analyses to identify domain-specific differences. The results revealed a significant gender difference only in the physical health domain, with males reporting higher physical health than females. No gender differences were found in psychological, social, or environmental domains. However, significant age differences emerged in these three domains, with younger adolescents reporting better overall QoL than older students. The findings highlight developmental and contextual influences on adolescents’ lived experiences and underscore the need for residential schools to implement age-sensitive psychosocial support mechanisms to promote holistic well-being. These findings have implications for educational planning and student support systems in residential school settings.

The ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of economic growth and employment over the past three decades. The industry accounts for the majority of the country’s export earnings and employs millions of workers, the majority of whom are women from rural and economically disadvantaged backgrounds. While the sector has contributed substantially to women’s economic participation and empowerment, female garment workers continue to experience multiple occupational challenges, including excessive workload, unsafe working conditions, long working hours, and limited access to occupational health resources. These factors often contribute to heightened levels of occupational stress and adversely affect workers’ physical and psychological wellbeing. Scholars have widely acknowledged that occupational stress arises when job demands exceed an individual’s capacity to cope with those demands, leading to negative outcomes such as fatigue, anxiety, reduced productivity, and long-term health problems (Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Bakker & Demerouti, 2017). Within labor-intensive industries such as garment manufacturing, these stressors are frequently intensified by production pressures, strict deadlines, and limited worker autonomy. This study examines the relationship between occupational stress, workplace safety conditions, and the overall wellbeing of female garment workers in Bangladesh. Drawing on a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data collected from female garment workers with qualitative insights obtained through in-depth interviews. The research explores the prevalence of occupational stress, workers’ perceptions of safety practices within factories, and the implications of these conditions for physical health, mental wellbeing, and job satisfaction. The findings indicate that a large proportion of female garment workers experience moderate to high levels of occupational stress associated with production targets, repetitive work, inadequate rest periods, and limited managerial support. Moreover, although safety reforms have been introduced in the industry following major industrial disasters, many workers still report concerns regarding emergency preparedness, workplace ergonomics, and access to protective equipment. These workplace conditions significantly influence worker wellbeing, contributing to health issues such as chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, psychological distress, and reduced life satisfaction. The study highlights the critical need for improved occupational health policies, stronger enforcement of workplace safety regulations, and the integration of psychosocial support systems within garment factories. By addressing both structural and psychosocial aspects of workplace conditions, policymakers and industry stakeholders can contribute to improving the wellbeing, productivity, and long-term sustainability of the garment workforce in Bangladesh.

Despite increasing global attention to improving women’s healthcare experiences, limited research has examined how cultural expectations and health system structures influence women’s pain management experiences. This study investigated women’s perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction with pain management provided by caregivers in hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 307 women who experienced pain and sought care in outpatient clinics or emergency departments. Data were collected using the validated Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS). Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics and satisfaction levels, while the Kruskal–Wallis test examined differences in perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction across groups. Results showed that 72% of participants believed pain medication was effective, and 45.3% reported that it met their expectations. Approximately half of the women were “satisfied,” and about one-fourth were “very satisfied” across all items (22.5%–31.9%). The highest “very satisfied” ratings were for nursing care related to pain (30.3%) and pain medication (31.9%). Younger women (20–25 years) reported higher satisfaction, expectations, and positive perceptions of pain management compared to women over 45 years. The findings highlight the need for personalized, culturally competent, and communication-centered pain management approaches that consider women’s emotional, social, and demographic contexts.

This article examines the pervasive yet under-documented issue of sexual assault and harassment of female lawyers by their colleagues within the Nigerian legal profession. Despite the profession's role as a custodian of justice, it is rife with significant gender-based discrimination, abuse, and impunity. This study synthesises data from recent empirical reports, analyses the existing legal and regulatory frameworks, and evaluates the cultural and structural factors that perpetuate this problem. Through an examination of landmark cases, such as Ejieke Maduka v Microsoft Nigeria, and the policies of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), this research highlights the profound disconnect between legal ideals and the lived realities of many female practitioners. It finds that a combination of patriarchal societal norms, hierarchical professional structures, economic vulnerability, and inadequate reporting mechanisms creates an environment in which sexual misconduct thrives, and victims are silenced. The research concludes with comprehensive recommendations for legislative, institutional, and cultural reforms to foster a safe, equitable, and just legal profession for all practitioners in Nigeria.