Background: Acute drug exposure in children is a common and preventable cause of pediatric morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Children are especially vulnerable due to exploratory behavior, unsafe medication storage, and delayed access to healthcare. Data focusing specifically on drug-related exposures and outcomes in Bangladeshi children remain limited. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, exposure patterns, management strategies, and short-term outcomes of acute drug exposure in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Medical records of 80 children aged <18 years admitted with acute drug exposure were reviewed. Data on demographics, type and route of exposure, drug categories, clinical presentation, severity, interventions, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Result: Most patients were aged 1–5 years (52.5%), with a male predominance (56.25%). Accidental exposure accounted for 87.5% of cases, predominantly via oral ingestion (95%) and occurring at home (93.75%). Analgesics/antipyretics (22.5%) and antibiotics (20.0%) were the most common drugs involved. The majority had mild toxicity (70%) and presented within two hours. Complete recovery was observed in 87.5% of cases, while mortality was 5%. Conclusion: Acute drug exposure in children is largely accidental, home-based, and associated with favorable outcomes when managed promptly. Strengthening preventive strategies, caregiver education, and early medical intervention is essential to reduce adverse outcomes.

Background: The chest radiograph provides excellent contrast between the air-filled, cardiac, and aortic outlines. Deviations from normal measurements suggest pathology. This study was aimed at measuring the selected normal chest morphometry of Nigerians residing in Port Harcourt to establish a baseline for people in a normal condition. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Radiology Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State. The study duration was 8 months (January–September, 2021), which involved four hundred and forty-eight (216 males and 232 females) normal chest radiographs of adult Rivers aged between 18 and above. The radiographs were found to be normal by a qualified radiologist in the department. Random sampling was used to determine the sample size for the study. Results and Discussions: For adult males aged 18 and up, the mean values of all measured parameters were: TAD (cm): 4.15 ±21.54; TCD (cm): 10.88 ±1.55; WITD (cm): 26.06 ±3.25; and mean age (yrs): 44.15 ±21.54. TAD (cm) was 5.11±0.69 in females, TCD (cm) was 10.8±21.50, WITD (cm) was 26.05±2.98 and the mean age (yrs) was 40.93±20.22. In the two variables (TCD and WITD), the males had slightly higher values than the females, although not significantly higher, while the females had a higher TAD, also not significantly higher. Conclusions: The correlation between the transverse aortic diameter and the transverse cardiac diameter for female subjects; the correlation between the transverse aortic diameter and the transverse cardiac diameter for male subjects; and the correlation between the transverse cardiac diameter and the widest internal thoracic diameter were all positively correlated (r = 0.611, r = 0.566, r = 0.822, P 0.05).

Background: Retinoblastoma is a common malignant intraocular tumor of early childhood that is potentially vision- and life-threatening, with outcomes strongly influenced by timeliness of diagnosis and access to appropriate multimodal treatment. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, treatment modalities, and therapeutic outcomes in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. Methods: This hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April 2011 to March 2013, and included 46 pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. Clinical presentation, diagnostic features, disease staging, treatment modalities, therapeutic response, and complications were evaluated using comprehensive ophthalmic examination and imaging. Treatment was individualized according to disease severity, and patients were followed to assess outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among 46 children, most were ≤3 years at diagnosis (73.9%; mean age 2.5 ± 1.6 years), with male predominance (56.5%). Unilateral disease occurred in 71.7%, and leukocoria was the commonest presentation (69.6%). Nearly half had delayed presentation (45.7%). Most presented with Stage II disease (60.9%). Enucleation with radiotherapy was the most frequent treatment (26.1%). Disease control was achieved in 89.1%, with metastasis in 6.5% and mortality in 4.3%. Neutropenia was the commonest complication (17.4%). Conclusion: Early recognition and timely, multimodal treatment of pediatric retinoblastoma are crucial for effective disease control and favorable therapeutic outcomes.

In this study, a mathematical model on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis was formulated and analyzed. The basic reproduction number ( ) for each model is calculated and determined using the next generation method and condition for elimination (disease free equilibrium) or persistence (endemic equilibrium) in a population. Stability analysis shows that disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction is less than unity. Furthermore, tuberculosis case detection continued to persist whenever the reproduction number exceeds unity. However, the models consisting of system of first order nonlinear differential equations.

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a relatively uncommon germ cell tumor and affecting neonates, infants as well as children with a female preponderance. Age is an important predictor of malignancy in SCT. Early diagnosis and management can provide better outcome. Histologically most of the cases are benign in nature. Aim: Since there have been paucity of sufficient studies in this field in Bangladesh. The present study was carried out to describe in various clinicopathological features and histopathological findings of SCT patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 66 patients of SCT operated from 2015 to 2021. A retrospective review of different clinical information and histopathological findings was done from the radiological and pathological records available in the Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & institute, Dhaka. Result: There were 44 females and 22 males with age ranging from newborn to 08 years. Forty two children (63%) presented in the neonatal age group. Most of the cases (39) have a size of 5-10cm in diameter. There were 66.66% cases of benign (mature), 10.60% immature and 22.72 malignant teratomas. Conclusion: Predominant cases of SCT are benign in nature histologically and have an excellent outcome after early diagnosis and surgery as well as reducing morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation and the presence of malignant changes continue to be poor prognostic factors.

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Proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is an uncommon lesion that typically occurs on the scalp of older women. The risk factors which have been incriminated in the appearance of tumors of the scalp are: chronic sun exposure, the presence of sebaceous nevi, a history of ionizing radiation, burns, trauma or surgery of the scalp. CT can confirm the cystic and tissue nature of the lesion with the presence of calcifications, signs of locoregional invasion. The diagnosis of certainty is based on the anatomopathological study. The principle of treatment of TTP without the metastasis is a wide surgical excision with a margin of 1 cm in normal tissue. Endocranial extension and distant metastases are obstacles to surgical treatment. We report a rare case of scalp tumors in a hospital setting in a 75-year-old woman.

When you want to start a business idea, it will always be of vital importance to put financial viability first, since starting without having an idea of the initial investment, the investment recovery period and other financial indicators, can make a profitable business in a very short time bottomless pit. The main idea of this research is to define which are the most important points of the Business Plans in terms of finances; For this, to detect which are the points that require more emphasis in terms of attention and focus, with this it is intended to facilitate the tasks and training required in said topics, this due to the fact that the financial aspect is the most relevant issue and that to the it gets more and more complicated. This will allow any venture to be on the right track in search of the desired success in any type of venture. It was found that the order of difficulty in the development of a Business Plan is the following: the Financial Analysis of a Business Plan is the item that is most difficult, understanding that 397 students representing 55.14% put it as the main topic in degree of difficulty, followed by Procedures and Compliance with Legal Requirements, which is considered the most complicated item by 202 people, which represent 28.26%; being the Market with a choice of 65 students as the most difficult topic to cover, while 56 people indicated the other items, Strategic, Organizational and Processes as the most complicated. Emphasis will be placed on financial aspects and their respective topics.

This study investigates the relationship between cultural identity and academic stress coping strategies of African students studying in Nigerian institutions (a case of university of Lagos). The study employed a qualitative grounded theory methodology using semi-structured interviews with twenty students from varied ethnic backgrounds. The findings indicated that cultural identity was a potent psychological resource that increases motivation, resilience, and the generation of meaning in challenging academic environments. Also, it revealed that informal communal networks such as peer groups, ethnic student associations and religious communities were a critical source of emotional and academic support, often filling the void left by underused campus mental health resources. Furthermore, spirituality, in particular, became an important resource for coping as it provided a re-conceptualisation for Hausa and minority ethnic students. Moreover, the most noteworthy finding of the study was that the students from an ethnic majority reported significantly greater communal coping resources than their minority peers, thanks to the differences in support systems available. These findings emphasize the importance of culturally appropriate treatments and call for identity-based, community and spiritual coping mechanisms to be integrated into student support frameworks. By integrating coping and culture within a culturally ingrained process, the study contributes to the understanding of the literature. It also offers practical recommendations for the development of culturally sensitive mental health policy in Nigerian colleges.

Nurses are the primary care givers in hospitals and are more likely to encounter violence because of the amount of time spent in direct patient care. This study aimed to explore recent workplace violence literature against nurses in Saudi Arabia in terms of prevalence, precipitating factors and recommendations for prevention. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract then a full-text assessment was implemented. Violence against nurses could be in various forms of aggression and bullying that often manifests as verbal abuse, physical abuse, and emotional torture, which is cruel, rude, vindictive, humiliating and/or offensive. It is a public health and legal problem. Nurses are most of the healthcare workforce in Saudi Arabia, and more likely to encounter violence. Violence against nurses impairs job performance after the incident. It also reduces job satisfaction and may compel nurses to leave their job. Perpetrators are found to be patients, relatives, and co-workers. Improving health security system and increasing staffing and their training on proper dealing with violence are highly recommended. Also, enforcing rules and regulations is an important demand to control and prevent violence against health care workers.

Visionary Leadership is a leadership concept whose main work is focused on engineering a challenging future. The challenge faced by universities is to improve brand image and competitiveness in the current competitive era. This study used the case study method with in-depth interview data collection techniques, participant observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed systematically and interactively during data mining to obtain research findings. The research findings show that visionary leadership is able to improve the quality, brand image, and competitiveness of tertiary institutions at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatulullah Tulungagung Indonesia. The ability possessed by leaders in formulating visions, transforming visions, and implementing visions is an important factor in increasing the brand image and competitiveness of tertiary institutions in the competitive era. Leaders can clearly know the opportunities that will be achieved and overcome the challenges that will be faced in the future well. Leaders can take strategic steps in positioning the organization and are able to get success in realizing the vision and mission of the organization. Being proactive in carrying out leadership tasks becomes the strength of a visionary leader in realizing the vision and mission of the organization.

This study aimed to assess and evaluate the perceptions of healthcare practitioners regarding the different aspects of the quality of care in Najran General Hospital and examine how that influence their response to quality roles. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Total Quality Tasks (TQT) questionnaire, which was completed by 76 healthcare practitioners. The TQT measures three dimensions of total quality management (TQM): Quality Practice (QP), Quality Faith (QF), and Quality Knowledge (QK). The results showed that the overall mean scores for QP, QF, and QK were 6.5, 6.2, and 2.3, respectively, indicating a medium level of TQM among the healthcare practitioners. There were significant differences in the mean scores of QP, QF, and QK based on gender and job title. No significant differences were found based on age, nationality, and experience. These findings suggest the need for interventions to improve TQM among healthcare practitioners, particularly for males and those in administrative positions. Future research should consider the inclusion of a larger sample size and multiple hospitals to further examine the influence of various factors on TQM among healthcare practitioners.

Objective: Study aimed to describe the effect of dexamethasone pulse therapy by assessing its efficacy on patients infected with COVID-19 complicated with MIS-C. Methods: This is single center, retrospective case series study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. We report all eligible patients who diagnosed with MIS-C and received pulse therapy of dexamethasone during COVID-19 pandemic from 2020-2022. The study endpoints were success to wean or extubate the patient and discharge from the PICU. Results: Three patients were included in this report. All three patients received dexamethasone pulse therapy were successfully improved. After five to seven days were discharged from PICU. Conclusion: Our clinical experience suggests that the efficacy of dexamethasone with MIS-C as alternative to methylprednisolone could be effective.

Economic growth in Indonesia has experienced fluctuating growth, especially in recent years has decreased. Meanwhile, when viewed in terms of the distribution of Zakat funds, as well as Infaq and also Shadaqah and the Human Development Index experienced growth from year to year. This situation is expected to encourage economic growth in Indonesia. But in fact, economic growth has decreased. This study aims to analyze the influence of zakat, infaq and shadaqah fund disbursements as well as the Human Development Index in encouraging economic growth. By using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression data analysis. Data used from 2002-2021 which includes annual data. The results of this study show that the distribution of ZIS funds shows a negative and significant influence on Economic Growth. And the Human Development Index also has a negative but not significant effect. Simultaneously, the distribution of ZIS funds and the Human Development Index shows a positive and significant influence on economic growth variables.

In the dynamic environment of the operating theatre, patient safety and procedural efficiency are paramount. This article sheds light on the indispensable contributions of anesthesia technicians and nurses in ensuring optimal outcomes during surgical procedures. It discusses their roles, responsibilities, and collaborative efforts, emphasizing the significance of teamwork, communication, and skill proficiency. Furthermore, it explores strategies for effective coordination between anesthesia technicians and nurses, fostering a cohesive and patient-centered approach. By highlighting the critical functions performed by these professionals, this article aims to underscore their vital role in delivering high-quality care and maintaining standards of excellence in the operating theatre.