Recent studies have shown that the incidence of melanoma skin cancer and deaths has been increased globally, where the rate of melanoma skin cancer deaths reaches 75% among the white-skinned population. However, Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is the only known risk factor for developing melanoma skin cancer. In this study, the main concepts about the electromagnetic spectrum are introduced. The visible light bands and wavelengths are presented. The energy classifications of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. Sources of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. The optics of the skin and the interaction mechanisms of light with human skin are discussed. The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer is discussed. And the applications and beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation in many desplines are summarized. However, the main objectives of this study are to gain and provide knowledge about solar radiation exposure risks, benefits, and to identify factors influencing practices that increase the risk for developing melanoma.

The paper discusses the impacts of transportation infrastructure on economic openness within the 27 major cities of Yangtze River Delta of China. Through reviewing relevant literatures, it forms an influencing mechanism and research path based on the theories of New Economic Geography and comparative advantages. In the empirical test, the whole research chooses the panel data from the year 2005 to 2020 to observe the spatial autocorrelation through Global Moran Index (Moran’s I) and Local Moran Scatterplots. Then, the paper builds an econometric function on the basis of Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the regression results and then decompose the effects. According to the test results, it can be concluded that transportation infrastructure generates positive impacts on economic openness and there truly exists the spatial spillover effect in the Yangtze River Delta. Finally, the paper gives proposals from three aspects which are combined with the policies on integration construction of national strategic deployment of China.

Background: Numbness, tingling, discomfort, and/or weakness in the toes are symptoms of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP), which proceeds in a stocking-glove pattern proximally. There is still no particular therapy available. Objective: CPRF (caudal pulsed radiofrequency) is used to treat people who have sensory symptoms. Study Design: This is a prospective study at Alsdr teaching hospital in Iraq-Basra. Methods: CPRF, Boston Scientific G4™ RF Generator, Twenty-four subjects with DSP who were stimulated reported sensory complaints that did not respond to therapy. Under fluoroscopy at S2-3 level, inserted a caudal 21 gauge, 20-mm active tip RF cannula into the epidural space through the sacral hiatus. After the sensory and motor RF, give PRF at 5 Hz for 600 seconds at 45 V. Within the first week of the operation, the impact of activation was examined using a numeric rating scale, which was repeated every three months for the next three months. Patient satisfaction levels were assessed three months following treatment; patients who scored "7" (very good) or "6" (good) on the treatment satisfaction scale were rated fulfilled. Results: Neuropathic pain was effectively diminished after four visits (P< 0.001, test one-factor analysis). Furthermore, three months after receiving CPRF, more than half of the patients had an effective reaction (≥60 percent pain reduction) and were comfortable with the therapeutic outcomes. Limitations: The research included a small number of patients and was only for a brief time. Conclusion: CPRF is a safer, less expensive, and more effective way to treat symptoms.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged healthiness careers and techniques and has induced several rates of reaction and forms of reaction worldwide. The responsibility of dental specialists in inhibiting the transmission of COVID-19 is seriously significant. Dental professionals suffered a proper duty to decrease routine care for fear of increasing COVID-19 among their patients and elsewhere but were understandably concerned about the economic concerns. This paper explores comments raised by orthodontists worldwide about offering safe orthodontic service during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as orthodontic treatment procedures increase the possibility of transmission. As proximity between the orthodontist, dental assistant, and patient is required for treatment, it jeopardizes the health of all the parties involved. In this paper, we will highlight five issues: general principles, communication, dental clinic admission, infection control measures, and applied orthodontic treatment emergency. Upon reviewing these issues, we will then attempt to formulate appropriate orthodontic treatment guidelines applicable in this specific era.

Introduction: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to the chronic and blinding nature of the disease, patients require prolonged clinical care and follow up. Patients’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction with care could be an important determinant to compliance and adherence to treatment to preserve visual fields and improve their quality of life. Purpose: To review existing literature on the level of patients’ satisfaction with glaucoma care services. Methodology: A systematic review of literature conducted online at the three search engines: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using key terms: (‘predictors’ OR ‘determinants’ OR ‘factors affecting’ OR ‘measurements’ OR ‘dimensions’ OR ‘aspects’ OR ‘attributes’) AND (‘patient satisfaction’ OR ‘patient experience’ OR ‘patient priorities’ OR ‘user satisfaction’ OR ‘customer satisfaction’ OR ‘consumer satisfaction’) AND (‘glaucoma’ OR ‘open angle glaucoma’ OR ‘angle closure glaucoma’ OR ‘POAG’ OR ‘PACG’). Quality assessment were conducted for each article and bias assessment by the principal investigator and another reviewer. Results: The primary search obtained 710 articles. Following review of titles and abstracts, a total of 27 publications were included in the review based on eligibility criteria. Majority of the studies had good reporting standard and external validity while there were poor scores for internal validity. Significant factors determining satisfaction and dissatisfaction were summarized. Conclusion: The patients’ satisfaction with glaucoma care varies and can be affected by several factors. Some of the factors can be modified to improve better patients’ experience and compliance to treatment.

Introduction: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cells grow on the surface of the cervix. CIN is a symptomless illness that often goes undetected by the naked eye. In most cases, the afflicted cervix appears to be in excellent health. As a result, the illness is detected by chance during cervicological histology or as a result of programs for routine cervical cytology or colposcopy screening. Colposcopy is an extra and valuable technique for identifying cervix anomalies. This study aimed to analyze the correlations between colposcopy findings and histopathological results from colposcopy-directed biopsy in cervical pre-cancerous lesions. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, from September 2014 to February 2015. VIA-positive 72 women fulfilling all inclusion criteria who attended at colposcopy clinic of CMCH were included in the study. Statistical analyses were done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 for Windows. The quantitative observations were indicated by frequencies and percentages. Result: In the present study, the majority of the participants were over the age of 30 years, with 43.1% being in the age group of 30-39 years. Another 30.6% were from the age group of 40-49 years, while only 15.2% were from the age group of 20-29 years. Colposcopy findings were normal in 9.7% of the participants. CIN I was observed in the majority of the participants (54.2%), while CIN II and CIN III were observed in 29.2% and 6.94% respectively. According to the colposcopy-directed biopsy results, 5.6% of patients had normal outcomes, 7.7% had inflammations, 45.8% had CIN I, 30.6% had CIN II and 8.3% had CIN III. The correlation was calculated by reporting the number of cases histologically confirmed to the number of cases of colposcopic diagnosis for each lesion group separately. The correlation was 71.8% (28 out of 39) in the CIN I category, 76.2% (16 out of 21) in the CIN II category, and 75% (3 out of 4) in the CIN III category. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were calculated considering a colposcopy-directed biopsy. Colposcopy findings revealed 65 CIN positive cases and 07 CIN negative cases, while biopsy findings revealed 60 positive and 12 negative cases. The sensitivity of colposcopy was 96.7%, specificity was 41.6%, the false positive rate was 58.4% and the false negative rate was 03.3% according to this study. Conclusion: This study demonstrated high accuracy and correlation between colposcopy and histology. The sensitivity of colposcopy was 96.7%, specificity was 41.6%, the false positive rate was 58.4% and the false negative rate was 03.3%. Specificity was lower in this study probably because biopsies were performed in all cases during diagnostic workups.

The government of Kenya implemented policy that advocates for the adoption of Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) in education. However, the slow extent to which EMIS is being utilized in schools needs to be adequately addressed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of EMIS on Management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study objective was to analyze influence of EMIS for curriculum and instruction on management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. The study adopted pragmatic philosophical paradigm and employed mixed methods research design. The target population comprised of 1334 respondents which included 183 principals, 189 deputy principals, 955 HODs in public secondary schools, 6 Sub-County Directors and 1 County Director of education in Uasin Gishu County. Kerjcie and Morgan (1970) table was used for determining the sample size of 302 respondents. Closed-ended structured questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data from principals, deputy principals and heads of departments (HODs) while semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect qualitative data from sub-county directors and the County Director of Education. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed in narratives and themes. From the findings, the value of adjusted R squared was is 0.489, an indication that there was a variation of 48.9% on the management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County due to effectiveness and efficiency of EMIS for curriculum and instruction. There was a significant association between EMIS for curriculum and instruction and management of public secondary schools with F statistics (248.916). Regression coefficient of curriculum and instruction was 0. 596 with P<0.05. This implies that by strengthenning EMIS for curricullum and instruction management the supervisory role of the school administration on curricullum implementation is strengthenned thus the realization of management effectiveness. Therefore, all the elements of EMIS for curriculum and instruction should be improved on and their implementation strengthened through a policy framework by the ministry of education and public secondary school management to enhance the effectiveness of management of public secondary schools.

We report a case of benign appendicular mucucocele in a 51-year-old patient. The clinic was that of a painful mass of the right iliac fossa evoking the diagnosis of an appendicular plastron. . An appendectomy with uncomplicated stump burial was performed 14 months after the procedure. Histopathological examination of the operating room found a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. The occurrence of chronic abdominal pain localized in the right iliac fossa, associated with palpation of a mass in the right iliac fossa should suggest the possibility of an appendicular mucocele.

Outcome based education (OBE) has been prevalent in recent years. Under the guidance of OBE and requirement of ideological and political pattern, general academic English has undertaken new course reform in China. This paper focuses on introducing its construction practice in North China Electric Power University from the following aspects: general goal, teaching principle, teaching mode, evaluation methods and teaching effect. The practice research intends to provide new thinking for the construction of general academic English.

Background: Thyroid diseases are considered the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mosteasy, reliable screening test in diagnosing thyroid lesions. Objectives: To determine the frequency of Bethesda system diagnostic categories and cyto-histopathological correlation of FNAC results. Material and methods: This study comprised 488 thyroid FNA smears. cyto-histopathological correlation was conducted on surgically excised cases. Results: Out of 488 of thyroid FNAC smears, thyroidectomy was done for one hundred cases. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of FNAC were 82.8%, 94%, 88.9%, 90.4% and 89.9% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific method in diagnosing different thyroid lesions.

The curriculum system of physical education professional practice course is an important link for physical education professionals to apply the theory they have learned and practice, and is the key to cultivate qualified talents. With the advancement of teachers' earnest work, the requirement of practice link is also more and more strict, and the problems of practice teaching link over the years are initially highlighted. In this paper, the author for many years in charge of the practice of class management, the problems in the process of practice in mastering accurately, and realistic to real earnest analysis of the problems existing in the practical course system, and corresponding solutions are given to solve the physical education curriculum system to carry out the problems existing in the professional practice lesson, contribute to training qualified physical education professionals.

Introduction: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has emerged in the recent years as a promising alternative to currently used biomaterials in the field of medicine and dentistry. Studies are increasingly being undertaken to gain in-depth knowledge about the properties it possess. Critical analysis of the nature of this synthetic material, possible applications and limitations in the branch of orthodontics is needed. Objective: This article is aimed at providing a synthesis of the available literature about the existing evidence that is available concerning the possible applications of polyetheretherketone in the branch of orthodontics. Result: The information obtained from the selected articles was arranged in an organized manner for the ease of understanding under the given subheadings in the article.

Diabetes mellitus has over the years become a public health issue. It is a complex disease which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The present study was designed to determine some platelet indices in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) patients compared to non-diabetic controls. A total of 240 subjects comprising 120 T2DM (60 males and 60 females) aged 20-55 years and 120 apparently healthy age and gender-matched controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples (5.0ml) were collected from each subject for the analysis of the parameters using Mindray 530 BC automated analyzer, Mindray, Japan. The data was analyzed using T-test and level of significance set at p < 0.05. The result revealed significant increase in the platelet indices involving the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) (12.17 + 0.78 vs 7.80 + 1.18), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) (14.41 + 1.5 vs 9.30 + 0.92) and plateleterit (PCT) (0.27 + 0.32 vs 0.17 + 0.00) between the T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls. This finding supports platelet activation in T2DM patients.

Introduction: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a common health problem associated with high levels of mortality, our goal is to identify the important elements that play a significant role in lowering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in-hospital (code Blue) death rates. Methods: this was a retrospective cohort study, involving patients who had in-hospital CPR at Heraa General Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022. The data was collected from the hospital's information center. Results: our sample population was over 600 patients, selected randomly from the hospital's information center. Consist of 55.1% males and 44.5% of them were females with 53.9% having Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) as initial cardiac rhythm. The following variables: age, intubated before CPR, intubated during CPR, initial cardiac rhythm, Adrenaline 1mg, and Amiodarone 300mg showed P-valve less than 0.05. Conclusion: There is statistically significant association between the clinical variables: Intubated before CPR, intubated during CPR, initial cardiac rhythm, Adrenaline 1mg, Amiodarone 300mg and age and "Survived after Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)".

Entrepreneurship, innovation, and youth development are some of the key themes in Oman vision 2040. Aligned with these themes is the need for entrepreneurship development among youngsters especially the educated youngsters. Keeping in view this need and relatively scant literature, the investigation of factors that can influence positively or negatively on entrepreneurship intentions among Omani youngsters is the central theme of this study. The study utilizes the entrepreneurship support model by Turker and Selcuk (2008). Accordingly, the study objectives are to test the influence of the perceived support (educational, relational, structural) model on entrepreneurship intentions among Omani youngsters. In terms of research methodology, the proposed methodology is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and explanatory research design. For data collection, a survey is used based on previously developed measures. The survey is distributed among Omani youngsters (age range of 20 to 30 years) with the help of research assistants (n=662). The reliability of the study is tested using the Cronbach alpha and the Composite reliability; while, validity is established using convergent validity (through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Factor Loadings, and Average Variance Extracted); and discriminant validity. The key results are that the perceived educational support (β=-.022, P>.05); and perceived relational support (β=-.013, P>.05) have insignificant effects on entrepreneurship intention while the perceived structural support has positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial intention (β=.088, P<.05). The findings partially support the perceived support model in this context. A number of recommendations were put forward based on the results.