Anencephaly is a severe anomaly of the brain that results from the failure of the cephalic part of the neural tube to close during the fourth week of pregnancy. In anencephaly, the mortality rate is 100% during intrauterine life or within hours or days after birth. Its prevention is based on supplementation with folic acid during pregnancy. We report a case of complicated anencephaly with death of the fetus in the womb of a young woman who didn’t take folic acid during her pregnancy.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising mainly in the transformation zone of the cervix. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide after breast cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma constitute the greatest burden, globally as well as in Bangladesh. Most patients in developing countries including Bangladesh present at advanced stage. Histopathological types of cervical cancer influence the treatment outcome when treated by radiation therapy. To reduce mortality from cervical cancer and improve survival, it is necessary to correlation of clinical presentation, staging and histopathological findings. Objectives: To find the correlation among clinical presentation, clinical staging and histopathological findings in patients with carcinoma cervix. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynaecologic division of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka over a period 6 months between October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma cervix were consecutively included in the study. Clinical presentation, staging and histopathological grading were done to see the correlations among them. All information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Data were compared and correlated among groups and presented by tables and figures. Results: Over two-thirds (70%) of the patients were of age 50 or > 50 years with mean age being 51.8 ± 7.7 years indicating that carcinoma cervix is disease of late middle aged or elderly women. In the present study patients were predominantly at menopausal stage (76%). Vaginal discharge was the predominant complaints (66%) followed by irregular bleeding (54%), postcoital bleeding (34%) and foul smelling discharge per vagina. Seventy percent of the cases were clinically categorised as stage IB1 followed by IB2 (16%), IA (6%), IIB2 (4%) and IIIA (4%). Histopathologically majority of the cases was ranked as Grade-II (90%) and typed as squamous-cell carcinoma (94%). Based of clinical symptoms, 42% of the carcinoma cervix were predicted as having advanced disease, but based on clinical staging and histopathological 8% and 6% of the cases respectively were considered having advanced. Conclusion: Present study concluded that clinical staging well-correlates with histopathological grading, but prediction of the status of the disease with mere clinical symptoms may be misleading.

Effort distribution is an often-mentioned term in interpreting practices and research. Effort Model, which is designed to reveal the distribution of efforts during interpreting, has become one of the most cited models to deal with the issue of cognitive load and has been adopted by researchers to analyze corresponding strategies. The paper presents the content of Effort Model and analyzes the strategies and methods designed upon model, with the hope of providing suggestions for future interpreting practices.

Joint effusion is a common clinical problem throughout the world. Synovial fluid analysis is one of the most important diagnostic tests to differentiate various inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases. Gross examination and cell count of synovial fluid are two important test modalities. A comparison of performances of the tests would enable us to emphasize on the diagnostic procedures for better outcomes. A total of 105 cases were included in this study, performances of the tests such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of each test modality were calculated for comparison. Joint effusions were diagnosed as 19 rheumatoid arthritis, 12 non- inflammatory, 15 inflammatory, 14 infective, 7 tubercular, 4 traumatic, 6 osteoarthritis, 5 crystal induced arthritis, 6 non- specific arthritis and 8 normal cases. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of cell count were 76.19%, 72.72%, 94.11%, 98.46% and 40% respectively and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of gross examination were 71.42%, 68.18%, 88.23%, 96.77% and 34.88% respectively. The individual parameters of synovial fluid study overlaps among each other test modalities and a combination of test procedures would yield better performances for diagnosis.

This article examines total fertiliser use in India as well as the distribution of fertiliser subsidies granted by the Indian government to its farmers. The paper primarily studies the consumption of fertilisers (NPK) from 1950-51 to 2020-21. However, the information related to the distribution of fertiliser subsidies covers the period from 1980–1981 to 2021–2022. The author further went on to analyze the fertilizer subsidy distribution concerning the agricultural GDP and the overall GDP figures of the nation to get an idea of the effectiveness of investment on the fertilizer subsidies in India.

This paper reports the need to enrich the teaching and learning of the English language and Literature through the use of ICT and group methodology. The research was quasi-experimental in approach. A structured questionnaire using three-point scales was administered to 30 respondents from two schools each in Kaduna, Kano, and Zamfara State (meaning 5 respondents from each school). The questionnaire was used in collecting data for analysis. Data were analysed using statistical tools of frequency (F) and percentage (%). The average age of the participants was 25 and above. The results emanating from this revealed that using ICT and group methodology has been reported to be an effective teaching method for improving students’ attitudes toward English and Literature acquisition. This paper however recommends the adoption and adaptation of using ICT and group methods for regular conduct of both face-to-face and online teaching.

Introduction: Masseter muscle hypertrophy can cause a prominent mandibular angle, which results in an unaesthetic lower face contour. Botox injection is a minimally invasive procedure compared to conventional surgery and is safe and easy to handle. Patients often request an aesthetic alteration by surgical procedures or masseter muscle injections to attain an aesthetic facial contour. While aesthetic surgery can reshape the lower face contour, numerous patients still choose a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. Aim: This study aims to review published articles that discussed the effect of buccal fat pad removal versus masseter muscle Botox for improving facial aesthetics. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed from multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The most eligible articles were included using specific keywords. The literature search was limited to full-text English articles, which were screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: Six studies were included in our study, these studies demonstrated that aesthetic results were improved in all discussed clinical trials. However, more clinical trials are needed for fat pad removal surgery trials. Conclusion: Our study showed that masseter muscle Botox injection can improve overall facial aesthetic appearance. However, more clinical trials are needed for buccal fat pad removal surgery.

A practically important parameters of strength and chemical resistance of polyepoxide based on resin-analogue ED-20 with PEPA hardener, filled with microdispersed powders of Si, Zr, Cr, Nb, Ti, Mo carbides, have been experimentally studied in this article. The microstructure of the composites is characterized by a relatively uniform dense distribution of filler agglomerates, which can be seen in the example of compositions with 50 wt% TiC and ZrC. The absence of a significant effect of carbides on the temperature ranges of oxidative degradation of composites was established. Swelling method established that filling can radically increase the resistance of composites to acetone organic solvents. At the same time, resistance in an acidic environment is noticeably reduced (for example, nitric acid). It was found that the introduction of 50 wt% carbide fillers gives a significant increase in the strength and modulus of elasticity during compression of the composites. There is also a decrease in shrinkage and an increase in adhesion to steel (with normal tearing).

Background: Preeclampsia, a hypertension condition that develops during pregnancy, is one of the most common causes of premature labour and delivery, perinatal death, and maternal mortality. Preeclampsia and other hypertensive diseases of pregnancy complicate a significant percentage of all pregnancies, necessitating early detection and warning. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the presence of serum level of albumin, uric acid and creatinine in pregnant women who developed symptoms of preeclampsia and who are free from symptoms of preeclampsia. Method: A prospective study was carried out among 119 pregnant women in the outpatient Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from June 2005 July 2006.Details and data obtained from medical records section were analyzed. Results: Among 119 women, PE developed in 10 patients and 109 patients remain normotensive. Among the study group incidence of PE was 8.4%. The mean age was 25.48±5.26 vs 25.60±3.89 in control vs PE subjects respectively. At booking the mean SBP was 104.40±10.67 vs 121.50±6.26, mean DBP was 65.73±6.41 vs 68.00±5.87, mean MAP was 77.66±5.28 vs 78.62±6.39 respectively in control and PE subjects. The mean serum albumin (gm/dl) of the study groups were as follows: control 2.97±0.55 vs PE 3.73±0.52. Serum creatinine of the study group (0.78±8.5 and 0.79±6.11 in control vs PE) and serum uric acid (2.24±0.71 and 2.65±0.56 in control vs PE) shows no significant difference at booking visit. The sensitivity of S. albumin, uric acid and creatinine area is 50%, 10%, 0%. Specificity of serum albumin is 5.25%, uric acid is 9.09%. But specificity of creatinine is high (97%) positive predictive value of all parameters are low. PPV of serum albumin is 4.76%, serum creatinine is 6.6%. Negative predictive value of creatinine is high (72%). Negative predictive value of serum albumin and serum uric acid are 6.42% and 9.12% respectively. Conclusion: In developing nations, pre-eclampsia is a common cause of maternal and neonatal illness. In maternal serum, many biochemical markers of pre-eclampsia have been identified. Uric acid, creatinine, and albumin are only a few of them. Uncorrelated serum uric acid, serum creatinine, or serum urea readings are insufficient to be considered as reliable predictors of preeclampsia.

C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes were investigated in crude oils from Niger Delta, Nigeria. From comparison of the mass chromatograms (m/z 191) of two crude oil samples (CEN-21 and WST-69) with related literatures on tricyclic terpanes which eluted from the gas chromatography (GC) within certain retention time, 12 peaks were selected. Peaks 1 - 5 were selected as C20 tricyclic terpane isomers (TR20a-e) and peaks 6 - 12 selected as C21 tricyclic terpanes (TR21a-g). This distribution is usually as crude oils show a single peak each and indicate the distribution of C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes in the Niger Delta crude oils is uncommon. Total abundances showed the C20 and the C21 tricyclic terpanes were more in CEN-21 than WST-69 with ratios of 3.07 and 1.84, respectively, with TR20a, TR20b, TR20d and TR21d being the most abundant isomers in both oil samples. These abundances indicate CEN-21 was thermally more mature than WST-69 and that the C20 tricyclic terpanes were generated more than the C21 tricyclic terpanes with increasing thermal maturity of the crude oils. Significant similarities observed in the normalized composition profiles and 66 derived ratios suggest the Niger Delta crude oil samples were genetically related and were predominantly derived from terrigenous Tertiary deltaic petroleum systems. Some differences observed in the composition profile and derived ratios indicate minor input from a different source, depositional environment and/or maturity level and are suggestive as indicators for evaluation, correlation and/or discrimination of the Niger Delta crude oils.

Introduction: Conservative endodontics advocates sparingly altering standard procedures in order to preserve tooth structure if possible. Every bit of structure that is saved is a benefit, according to conservative endodontics. As a result, conservative endodontics may be performed by both endodontists and general dentists. Aim and Objective: The comprehensive evaluation of conventional radiology employed in endodontic conservative therapy has as its primary goal the endodontic conservative therapy. Methodology: The electronic databases that underwent rigorous individual searches were Embase, Google Scholar, LILACS and MEDLINE using the Ebsco search engine, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: Conventional radiography (CR) is without a doubt the most widely used imaging method for evaluating root canals due to its availability, affordability, and convenience. Digital Radiography (DR) has gained popularity as a replacement for CR because it offers better image quality and enables the dentist to do radiographic exams with less radiation exposure. Conclusion: For root canal treatment, radiographic diagnostic value is essential. Additionally, this technique is utilized to find procedural errors, resorptive defects, and fractures. Radiographic examinations are important because they provide details on how difficult the therapy is.

This study aims to explore, identify and understand the design and the strategy for healthcare delivery at both macro and micro levels in an informatics field in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For both patients and professionals, health information technology offers greater quality, safer treatment, and much more. Despite their potential, they are expensive to create and execute. The success of applied information technology in healthcare, on the other hand, is determined by user acceptance and utilisation. This study offers a framework for analysing how health professionals view and intend to use health information technology. To define the primary factors to be assessed, thorough literature research was done. As a measuring methodology, a questionnaire was created and sent to the experts, who are information systems professionals with at least five years of experience. According to a five-point Likert scale, the replies were generally highly agreed, with roughly 79 per cent agreeing. Female respondents were more accepting of electronic data storage than male ones. Other notable distinctions between occupations were also discovered.

Background: Urinary retention is a worldwide health problem mostly noted in elderly men who may have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), cancer of the prostate (Cap), urethral stricture disease or bladder tumour. It has a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) of the sufferer as well as national or global economy. Urethral catheterization is used to relief the retention and suprapubic cystostomy where the urethral route fails or it’s contraindicated. Complications have been reported especially when catheters are worn for prolonged periods of time. The aim of this work was to study the burden of prolonged use of catheters after urinary retention. Patients and Method: The study was conducted in March 2021 and lasted for four (4) weeks to prevent data duplication since our patients change their catheters once in 4 weeks. A questionnaire was designed and completed by all patients after informed consent was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 and results used for discussion. Results: Eighty two (82) patients with a mean age of 63.12±14.67 years were studied. Aetiology of urinary retention was BPH, Cap, and Urethral stricture in 58.5%, 19.5% and 23.0% respectively. More patients were in their 7th and 8th decades of life. Most patients had indwelling urethral catheter (65.9%), average duration of catheter use was 21.26 months. There was no statistical significant difference in the mean duration between those who used SPC and Urethral catheter (P= .411).Ninety-eight (98.7%) of patients had complications and 22% of them reported more than five (5) complications. Qol correlated poorly with those who had sexual issues due to prolonged catheter use. The estimated annual cost for catheter change was between N1.5million and N2.0 million in our facility. Conclusion: Prolonged catheter use is a source of concern to patients and poses serious health-related and financial burden to them.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a serious condition that has a significant impact on patients' lives. The most preferred treatment is to get a kidney transplant, or the patient is shifted to dialysis options including haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritoneal dialysis is one of the effective modalities for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but it was found to be associated with a serious complication called peritoneal dialysis- associated peritonitis (PDAP). The consequences of PDAP have been found to include removal of the catheter, relapse, transfer to haemodialysis, and death. Thus, it is usually treated using the appropriate antibiotic, which is based on the results of the culture. However, most of the conventional antibiotics used for the treatment of PDAP are not currently showing effectiveness, which is due to the growing resistance worldwide among the causative micro-organisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, newer antibiotics that can eradicate these high-resistance microorganisms are required. This article reviews the available examples of novel antibiotics that can be used for peritonitis caused by strains that are showing resistance against conventional antibiotics. Examples include antibiotics like oxazolidinone, lipoglycopeptide, glycylcycline, moxifloxacin and cephalosporins.

The paper analyzes the manifestation of spiritual imbalance in The Sound and the Fury from the perspectives of Caddy, Mrs. Compson and Dilsey through the lens of Lu Shuyuan’s spiritual ecology theory.