Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are the commonest complaints among the patients for which they seek medical attention. Diseases associated with these symptoms are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: To assess the clinical indication of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and its outcome. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study was conducted at Department of Gastroenterology,Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College Hospital, Noakhali, Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2020. Six hundred two (602) patients were included. All patients who had come with anemia, dyspepsia, suspected gastrointestinal bleed, dysphagia, malena were included in this study. The data was collected using Microsoft excel software and was classified into indications for performing the endoscopy and their obtained results .The results were further classified into age and sex. Results: Total 602 patients who underwent UGIE during the one year study period were analyzed. Among them 326 were males (54.2%) and 276were females (45.8%). None of the patients were on aspirin or proton pump inhibitors. The maximum number of people who underwent the procedure were within 20 – 60 year age group and there was decreasing trends before and after this age group. The patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy mainly because of dyspepsia 226 37.5%) and pain abdomen 163(27.07%), followed by gastroesophageal reflux symptoms 92(15.2%), dysphagia 48(7.9%), suspected varices 30 (4.9%), gastrointestinal bleeding 23(3.8%), anemia had the least of all indication 20(3.3%). Among the indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was considered appropriate according to ASGE criteria, endoscopy was normal in 268(44.5%) patients. Erosive gastritis is the most frequent diagnosis 78(12.9%), followed by non-erosive gastritis 42(6.9%), followed by esophagitis 40 (6.6%), duodenal erosions 38(6.3%) duodenal ulcer 36(5.9%), gastric ulcer 30(4.9%), esophageal varices 21(3.4%), carcinoma of esophagus 16 (2.6%), carcinoma of stomach 12 (1.9%), hiatus hernia 11(1.82%) others 10(1.8%) Conclusion: In conclusion, uppers gastro-intestinal endoscopy is a simple, safe, more reliable and valuable tool with easy learning curve, it enables direct visualization of the upper GI tract and when combined with histopathological examination helps in diagnosing as well as therapeutic interventions for patients with various pathologies. Compared to previous decade there has been gradual rise in GERD which can be attributed to changes in lifestyle and/or a high fat diet with lack of exercise, leading to obesity.

Change has been the unwritten yet self-evident law of nature and society. However, in recent times the pace, magnitude, complexities and dimensions of these changes got accelerated and intensified. The changes can be discerned in each sphere of our lives including the domain of learning and education sector. Scholars have identified four stages of Education from 1.0 to 4.0. In each of these four phases, all the characteristics change including institutional arrangement, content organisation, learning orientation, technology, teaching-learning methods, and role of students and teachers. Transition in to Education 4.0 necessitates a transformation in teacher education institutions (TEIs) because in these institutions teachers and educational administrators of future are being prepared. This paper looks at the 2 year B. Ed. curriculum prescribed by Himachal Pradesh University in 2015 and assesses the extent to which this curriculum can prepare graduates for future. The paper observes that teachers being prepared currently are not ready for roles and responsibilities they are expected to shoulder in the changed and changing scenario. It further observes that many aspects of current system of teacher education actually stand at Education 1.0 and as such requires responsive curriculum, unflinching commitment and unprecedented mobilization of resources in order to cover the long path in order to transition into 4.0 successfully. The current pandemic has potential to become a pretext for taking steps in desired direction.

Background: The development of innovative eco-sustainable bio-nano-composites materials based on cellulose nanomaterials obtained from agricultural waste such as rapeseed plant straw and polymeric materials with improved properties. At first, cellulose was extracted from rapeseed plant straw and cellulosic and no cellulosic materials were estimated. It was found that the rapeseed plant straw contained about 43.48 wt.% cellulosic materials and 56.52 wt.% no cellulosic materials. It was also found that the rapeseed plant straw content about 34.84 wt.% α- cellulose. Then, nano-cellulose was prepared by acid hydrolysis of α -cellulose obtained from rapeseed plant straw. Poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) was prepared by soap free emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomer. Natural rubber (NR) collected as latex was oxidized by KMnO4. Blends of NR and oxidized NR with PVAc of different compositions such as NR60/PVAc40, NR40/PVAc60, ONR60/PVAc40, ONR40/PVAc60 were prepared by mixing NR latex and PVAc emulsion and followed by drying in an oven at 60°C. Composites of NR60/PVAc40 and ONR60/PVAc40 reinforced nano-cellulose (NC) were also prepared in similar way. The blends and composites were then characterized by FTIR, SEM, and Tensile test (TS). FTIR analysis confirmed the oxidation of NR and shown the variation of the functional groups in the blends and composites compared with the FTIR spectrum of NR, ONR and PVAc. SEM study exhibited that the nano-cellulose were dispersed within NR/PVAc and ONR/PVAc blends matrices with a little agglomeration. The tensile test results showed that the strength in composites was increased due to the reinforcing effect of nano-cellulose (NC). Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the Preparation and characterization of binary blends of NR and oxidized NR with PVAc. Methods: This is an observational study. The study used to be carried out in the admitted patient’s Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh. The duration of the period from Data was entered in MS Excel and Statistical analysis was done using SPSS trial version. Results: This study shows that the according to Constituent, Cellulose was 43.4822%, Alpha-Cellulose were 34.8427% and Cellulose were 8.6395%. And according to Source, Rice Straw were 32.15% %, Sugarcane were 41-43%, Rye Straw were 31.8-42.64%, Corn Stalks were 29.80% and Wheat Straw were 34-40%. Conclusion: Novel eco-friendly bio-nano-composites substances primarily based on renewable and sustainable assets namely natural rubber (NR) and nano-cellulose received from rapeseed plant straw as properly as poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) have been developed. In order to enhance the interfacial interactions amongst the composite factors such as NR, PVAc and NC, oxidation of the NR latex was once carried out by way of KMnO4 before blending mixing with PVAc emulsion and NC suspension.

Thomas Stearns Eliot's The Waste Land is a mysterious enigmatic text in both its form and content which still invites many critics and reviewers to an infinite range of interpretations finding in it a striking departure from nineteenth century poetry and raising the flag of modernism and postmodernism. Its appearance in 1922 started a critical debate among critics who found it hard to place both because of the poet's complex artistic strategies and because of the poem's kaleidoscopic orchestrated structure. From this perspective, the present paper is mainly concerned with the poem’s kaleidoscopic structure highlighting the text's intertextuality, heterogeneity and multiculturalism. It seeks to re-read and investigate the poem from the perspective of Edward Said's Postcolonial theory proving that the poem’s encyclopedic structure achieves for the poet a form of Neo-Colonialism where the poet’s intellectual domination replaces the territorial one. The study concludes by showing that The Waste Land is an early example of postmodernism where the text becomes the poet’s Neo-empire.

Humor is one of the main sources of entertainment in the media, such as YouTube. Mrnigelng is a comedian who uses Uncle Roger’s persona to give criticism to western cooks that try to make Asian dishes humorously in YouTube. This study aims to examine the verbal humor found in Mrnigelng video entitled “Uncle Roger DISGUSTED by this Egg Fried Rice Video (BBC Food)”. By employing Shades verbal humor classifications and Attardo General Theory of Verbal Humor, this study analyzes the types of verbal humor used in the object and how they are generated. The result of this study shows that there are eight types of verbal humor found in the object: Pun, Riddle, Joke, Satire, Farce, Sarcasm, Tall Tale, and Wit. Based on the result, it can be seen that Nigel primarily uses Satire to tease an English cook and to prevent his jokes from being morally unacceptable.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, accounting for nearly 75% of all newly diagnosed leukemias and 25% of all malignancies in childhood. The Philadelphia chromosome-positive Ph+ is a rare subtype of ALL, considered one of its poorest subgroups, and accounts for 3-5% of pediatric ALL. Dentists should acquire some background information about leukemia and its oral manifestations for better dental care. Commonly reported oral manifestations include regional lymphadenopathy, mucous membrane petechiae and ecchymoses, gingival bleeding, gingival hypertrophy, pallor, and non-specific ulcerations. In this case report, we aim to raise awareness among dentists and discuss the orthodontic management of a pediatric patient with Ph+ ALL. The patient was cleared by her treating physician, and treatment was done in the dental chair. Treatment included restorations of all carious teeth, reinforcement of oral hygiene, a series of removable appliances to correct the anterior cross-bite, and in-office bleaching.

Schiff bases are regarded as “privileged ligands” due to their capability to form complexes with a wide range of transition metal ions yielding stable and intensely colored metal complexes. In this study, equimolar amounts of 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide were combined and the Schiff base 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone was prepared as a new bidentate complexing agent. The synthesized ligand was reacted with palladium (II) and platinum (II) ions yielding air-stable complexes. For characterization purpose, mass spectra and x-ray analysis of the ligand and infrared spectra, electronic spectra, thermal analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and 13-carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra studies were carried out on the obtained ligand and its complexes. The characterization data showed that the ligand acts as a bidentate coordinate to the metal ions through azomethine nitrogen and sulfur atom. An in vitro antimicrobial investigation was also carried out for the free ligand and its metal complexes against four bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative) and one Fungi; Candida albicans. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes showed higher activity than the free ligand.

Due to COVID-19 pandemic situation, not only Indian Physical Education class management system but also the worldwide Physical Educational sector was highly affected by the COVID-19 panama situation. Many researchers are starting their research work on how to minimize the educational gaps. As a result for research, we have entered the online learning, E-learning, Virtual learning, Web Based Instructions modern digital revolution system. This work presents a study about using online educational platforms in institutions. Physical education classes student’s worldwide challenge technological, individual, domestic, and institutional and community barriers. Most frequently meet difficulties modified their learning style, having to perform responsibility at home and insufficient network connection between teachers-learners. They entry innovation physical education classes student play a significant roles in addressing this challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic situation and beyond. But despite the considerable growth & development of digital technology physical education and sports, we have little evidence about the use and outcomes of these modern technologies. Thus, the aim of this study was to document how e-learning technologies and pedagogical methods were, engaged physical education and sports, the challenges and successes associated with this approach, and possible ways to improve.

Background: The three Hill Tract Districts are highly malaria transmission areas in Bangladesh and intensified coverage of LLINs to reduce the number of malaria cases. Information of the bionomics of disease vectors and biting behavior is more essential to take appropriate vector control measures. The bionomics study was carried out after approximately 10 years back (2005-2006), if there any changes in vector behavior after introducing the long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in malaria endemic areas. Method: Three sites were selected based on the number of last several years reported cases and malariogenic potentials including geographical condition, altitude, latitude, presence of vectors, availability of breeding sources, favorable temperature, humidity, rainfall and other possible risk factors. Mosquitoes were collected through the human and animal landing from outdoor and indoor, Pythrum Spray sheet collection, morning resting collection form human dwelling and cattle shed. Results: Mosquitoes were collected through the hand aspirator and Pyrethrum spray sheet collection during day and night time. A total of 8078 Anopheles mosquitoes, 20 specie were collected, out of that 3858 (47.76 %) are An. vagus is the most abundant followed by An. willmori 965 (11.95), An. nigerrimus 848 (10.50%), An. kochi 734 (9.09%), An. barbirostris 444 (5.50%), An. jamesii 367 (4.54 %), An. philippinensis 182 (2.25), A subpictus 163 (2.02%), An. annularis 135 (1.67%), the most virulent vector An baimaii 72(0.89), An culicifacies 51 (0.64%), An. minimus 26 (0.32%). Conclusion: The main malaria vectors A baimaii (=dirus) has been collected from 19.18 to 02.30 hrs and the pick biting period is identified 20.30 to 21.30 hrs and 21.30 to 22.30 The early biting of the An baimai indicate its behavioural changes. A vagus prevalence was higher among the collected anopheline populations in all three places.

Background and objectives: All surgical procedures produce some secondary effects such as pain, swelling, and some functional impairments like difficulty in chewing mouth opening, speaking, sleeping, etc. Controlling postoperative discomfort may improve the patient's quality of life and acceptance of the treatment. The goal of this randomized single-blind trial was to see if using platelet-rich fibrin during endodontic surgery had a positive impact on pain and other aspects of the patient's quality of life in the first week after surgery. Methods: Fifteen patients with periapical lesions were treated with endodontic surgical procedures (control group). In another 15 patients, platelet-rich fibrin was placed into the bone defect in the form of a clot, and a suture was applied in addition to the surgical procedure (test group). During the first week after surgery, all patients completed a questionnaire to assess their major symptoms and daily activities. The results of the two groups' questionnaires were statistically compared. Results: The test group reported less pain, symptoms (swelling and bad taste), and functional activities compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The adjunct of platelet-rich fibrin to the endodontic surgical procedure produced some beneficial effects on patients' quality of life during the early postoperative stage. There were insufficient data in the literature and more clinical trials with larger samples have to be carried out in the future to find out the outcome

Background: In the absence of any postnatal trauma, birth fractures are those that are identified within the first week of life. Infant birth-related injuries are generally infrequent and are caused by trauma during delivery, especially when the infant is particularly large or presented breech. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, in the department of Burn & Reconstructive Surgery. The study was carried out between June 2015 and July 2020. The study used a 21 neonates as sample basis. Result: In this retrospective study, the gestational age of 1 patient was 35 Weeks and followed by two were 36 weeks, 4 were 37 weeks, 6 were 38 weeks, 5 were 39 weeks, and 3 were 40 weeks. 11(52%) were female and 10(48%) were male. Majority 13(62%) patients fracture were right site and 8(38%) were left. 13 newborns, or 61.9% of them, were weighted ≥2500 g. Nine infants (42.9%) were delivered vaginally, while 12 (57.1%) underwent Caesarean sections. When the fetus was presented, it was cephalic in seven cases (33.3%) and breech in fourteen (66.7%). Depending on the fracture's location and angulation, the appropriate treatment option was chosen. Femoral shaft fractures were treated in a toe-groin cast, 5(23.8%), while subtrochanteric fractures were treated by strapping 16(76.2%) of the thigh to the abdomen. Conclusion: Even though femoral fractures now are uncommon, but after birth they should be watched for, especially in challenging caesarean sections.

In theory, an increase in development activities increases the demand for land, particularly for public interest uses. Land acquisition for public interest must be done properly and transparently, and with due consideration to the respect for human rights of legal land ownership rights. Conflicts between the government and landowners have regularly arisen thus far as a result of the implementation of government policies in the purchase of land for the public interest. On the one hand, the State, as represented by the government, has the power to revoke land rights to lands that are not released by the owner or rights holder if it is urgently necessary for the public interest, but on the other hand, the State must respect the private rights of individuals to maintain their rights to land because the laws and regulations also provide protection for these rights.

It is absolutely not safe to drive in a punctured tire as there are chances of losing the control over a vehicle. Keep running with puncture will definitely destroy the tire that cannot be fixed any sooner. Until you keep your vehicle on a leveled surface you are safe. Driving vehicle on an unlevelled surface can immediately destroy your tire. Straight driving is safe with a punctured tire as turning and twisting your tire needs more pressure and struggle. If the air leaks slowly due to puncture (front or rear) the scooter will start to wobble and you can come to safe halt but if the air leaks instantly because of tube or tyre (in case of tubeless tyre) bursting you are most likely to fall and if its front tyre then it would be dangerous because the steering may turn to any side before you know anything. Keeping in mind the above difficulty faced by the rider during the vehicle’s tyre been punctured and inability to handle the situation safely, a portable emergency drive for two wheelers will be fabricated as accessory, that can help the person to slowly run the vehicle safely to a destination, were it can get repaired without any damage to the tyre/s.

Introduction: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside of the uterine cavity. Ectopic pregnancy usually occurs as a result of delay or prevention in the passage of the blastocyst to the uterine cavity resulting in its premature implantation in the extrauterine tissues. It usually occurs in 2% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality when misdiagnosed or left untreated and subsequent successful pregnancy is less than 50% of patients. About 95% of ectopic pregnancies originate in the tubes. Infrequently, it affects the ovary, the bicornuate uterus, and the cervix. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has been performed using laparoscopy. Additionally, it is widely used for the surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. The benefit of laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy over laparotomy is well-known. Laparoscopic surgery has been widely adopted and new technical innovations, procedures, and evidence-based knowledge are persistently emerging. The laparoscopic advantage over open surgery has also been confirmed in different fields. It is associated with shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, reduce postoperative pain, less analgesic requirement, a shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, cost- effectiveness, and lower rate of postoperative complications. This study aimed to compare the outcome of laparoscopic management with laparotomy in the management of ectopic pregnancy. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study that was carried out in a district level hospital at Cox's Bazar. This study was conducted from May 2020 to May 2022. A total of 59 subjects were selected for the study as per inclusion criteria. Result: Among 59 respondents, most of the subjects were of the 15-25 years age group which constituted 81.36%, followed by 13.56% of the 26-35 years age group, and the rest 5.08% were of >35 years age group. Laparoscopy was done on 40 (67.20%) patients and laparotomy was done on 19 (32.80%) patients. Approximately, 25% of laparoscopy patients and 52% of laparotomy patients had prior surgery. Prior ectopic surgery was performed on around 8.47% of laparoscopy patients and 13.55% of laparotomy patients. Regarding the comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy procedure, total blood loss was less (30-50ml) in laparoscopy and more (≥60ml) in the laparotomy procedure. Hospital stay was also less (1-2 days) in laparoscopy and more (≥3 days) in laparotomy, duration of operation was shorter (20-30min) in laparotomy and comparatively longer (30- 60 min) in laparoscopy. Previous surgery was done on 25% and 52.17% patients who underwent laparoscopy and laparotomy respectively. Previous ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed on 8.33% and 47.83% of laparoscopy and laparotomy patients respectively. Moreover, previous PID was found in 5.55% patients who underwent laparoscopy and none who underwent laparotomy. 2.77% of patients who underwent laparoscopy had a history endometriosis. Recovery to normal activity was early in laparoscopy and late in laparotomy. Moreover, 27 (67.5%) patients conceived among 40 who underwent laparoscopy, and 3 (15.78%) patients conceived among 19 who underwent laparotomy. Conclusion: The management of ectopic pregnancy with laparoscopy may be the most helpful operation with the highest possible level of safety and effectiveness. Laparoscopy has both a diagnostic & therapeutic role in ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopy is feasible and safer than laparotomy in surgical management of ectopic pregnancy.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colorectal neoplasia associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but other types of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors have also been described on the inflamed bowel; among others, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) which are rare tumors. We report the case of a patient admitted to the emergency department for an acute colitis inaugurated by ulcerative colitis (UC) and in whom a NET of the appendix was discovered on the colonic resection specimen. The prevalence of NETs in IBD patients is high in the literature. Their discovery is most often incidental. The presence of a significant number of neuroendocrine cells in the inflamed mucosa suggests that chronic inflammation is responsible for the development of this type of neoplasia.