Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a text of sempiternal pertinence for myriad reasons. Some of them are beyond our ken while some are ineffable. Bradbury’s prescient and trenchant critique of the culture industry has often been neglected or overlooked for no fault of his. The consensus of the critics’ opinion for instance, attests to this fact. Although many critics and literary scholars have classified this novel under the rubric of dystopian fiction, it’s far from the truth. Brecht’s poem about burning books/censorship was premonitory in many ways. However, the landscape isn’t Germany but America, a land that has always been identified as a beacon of hope for writers and artists from across the globe. This short review in spite of its shortcomings will focus on the text and its perennial relevance in a world that has always shown a predilection for conspicuous consumption and dilettantism.

Background: Konzo is related to a habit of long-term consumption of cassava; it is a chronic disease with quite different symptoms from acute cassava poisoning. The ameliorative effect of soya beans and brown beans in degenerative changes expressed in cortical NeuN immunoreactivity in a konzo disease rat model was investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats weighing 200-250g were assigned to Group 1 (Control, n=5) and was fed on animal pellet, whereas Group 2 (Protein, n=5) was administered with protein food (Soya beans+Brown bean). Bitter cassava flour was provided to Group 3 (cassava-induced Konzo, n=15). Protein (Soya beans+Brown bean) and bitter cassava flour were administered to Group 4 (protein treatment group, n=5). The Cerebrum (primary motor cortex) region was harvested through transcardiac perfusion for histological and immunohistochemical staining. Image J was used to quantify the neurons in the motor cortex. We examined general structures in the primary motor cortex with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Result and Discussion: H&E demonstration showed distinct pyramidal neurons with large round nucleus, and prominent nucleoli in the Control group. Interspersed between the pyramidal neurons were numerous glia cells. Protein (Soya beans+Brown bean) group, Cassava group, and Cassava + Protein group also showed intact histology of the cortex compared to control usig H&E stain. NeuN stains analyzed immunoreactive neurons. The rats fed on cassava showed significant decrease in the NeuN immunoreactive neurons at ***[p<.001] compared to the Control and Protein administered group, whereas Cassava + Protein groups showed decrease NeuN immunoreactive neurons at**p<0.1 compared to Protein group(Soya beans+Brown bean). Conclusions: This study has provided an empirical data on the ameliorative effect of soya beans and brown beans supplement on Cassava-induced konzo disease animal model. This data will be very useful to Anatomists, konzo researchers and neuroscientist.

Introduction: Composite resins can be effectively recycled to progress the patient's esthetics concluded minimally invasive, low cost and high clinical presentation managements. The layering techniques of composite resins in different thicknesses, with varying grades of opacity and translucency, permit to create esthetic restorations with dental structures physical appearance. Aim: The intention of the training was to appraise the characteristics, values and approaches of stratification of resins composite materials and to demonstrate these approaches with clinical cases. Materials and method: An electronic search of scientific articles referring to the stratification of composite materials was done using a single medical database. The attention on the choice of keywords as well as the presence and elimination criteria were the directorial elements of the research. All articles were included after the title, the abstract and finally, the full text was checked. Only relevant research has been reviewed. Based on the results, several methods of stratifications have been used in clinical practice. Results and discussion: The concept of natural stratification, anatomical stratification, the stratification of the anterior teeth using a dentine hue and a predefined thickness of enamel, or a single layer of material and the correct placement of pigments and opacities, lead to the achievement of esthetic and predictable direct restorations of nanocomposite resins. Conclusions: Within the limit of this study, it is concluded that, to achieve aesthetic excellence, dentists should understand and apply artistic and scientific principles when layering materials, respecting the optical properties of natural dental structures.

Background: Konzo disease is a neurological condition that affects the upper and lower motor neurons. This disease is prevalent in females and youngsters. The effects of soya beans and brown beans on neurobehavioural deficit in Cassava-induced konzo disease rat model were investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats weighing 200-250g were assigned to Group 1 (Control, n=5). They were fed on animal pellet, whereas Group 2 (Soya and Brown Beans, n=5) was provided Soya and Brown Beans. Bitter cassava flour was provided to Group 3 (cassava induced Konzo, n=15). Protein (Soya and Brown Beans) and bitter cassava flour were supplied to Group 4 (protein treatment group, n=5). Neurobehavioural paradigms (Forelimb grip strength and gait test) were carried out to assess the effect of cyanogenic bitter cassava on motor coordination. Result and Discussion: Forelimb grip strength test showed significant decrease in the grip strength in Cassava group compared to Control and Protein(Soya and Brown Beans) group (p<0.01). It was observed that there was significant increase in grip strength test in the Cassava+ Protein (Soya beans and Brown Beans) when compared to Cassava group (p<0.05). Gait test showed significant decrease in the stance, stride and sway length of Cassava group when compared to the Control and Protein (Soya and Brown Beans) group (p<0.01). However, Cassava+ Protein group had a significant increase in stance, stride and sway length when compare to Cassava group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study has provided a reference data on the ameliorative effects of Soya beans and Brown Beans on the neurobehavior of Cassava induced Konzo disease rat model. The ameliorative effects may be as a result of the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the brown beans and soya beans. This study will be useful to the Anatomists and Neuroscientist.

Manufar wannan bincike shi ne shiga duniyar tarihi domin taliyon gudummawar Turawa wajen samarwa da bunƙasa ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa. Kadadar binciken ta taƙaita tsakanin 1840 zuwa 1993. An yi amfani da dabarar salon binciken laburare (library research) domin tattara bayanai inda aka dogara kan kundatattun bayanan tarihi. Binciken ya gano cewa, Turawa ne suka fara samar da tubalan ginin rubutun Hausa, sannan sun taka rawar gani sosai wajen gina ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa kafin a samu Hausawan da suka ci gaba da jan ragamar wannan fagen ilimi. Daga ƙarshe takardar ta ba da shawarwarin da suka haɗa da samun haɗin kan masana da manazarta tare da aiki tuƙuru bisa sadaukarwa domin samun cigaba da bunƙasar ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa tare da harshen baki ɗaya. Dole ne kuma a samu ingantattun hanyoyin watsa sababbin cigaba da amintattun sauye-sauye da ake samarwa.

The purpose of this research is to determine the internal and external factors that affect economic growth, then determine strategies to increase economic growth in 6 (six) provinces in Indonesia. The research method uses descriptive analysis with SWOT analysis tools. The results of the study are appropriate strategies to accelerate the economic growth of the Province in Java Island, including: improving infrastructure, developing special economic zones, promoting tourism and cultural heritage, encouraging innovation and technology, regional development planning and sustainable development practices.

The Policy provides a consistent framework for operational guidelines and standardized processes for decision making. Policy Development Framework provides protocols and clarifies roles and responsibilities in the policy development process. This article aims to document and discuss the process of development cross training policy formulation, including its practice and outcomes. In this policy, we developed the cross training framework including definitions, purpose and procedures that reflect the scope of policy analysis. This comprehensive conceptual framework may serve as a “road map” for researchers and healthcare policymakers who are interested in the development, monitoring, implementation, and analysis of nursing cross training policies.

Malaria remains a significant public health concern, particularly among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) have been recognized as an effective preventive measure against malaria transmission. However, the utilization of LLINs among pregnant women remains suboptimal. This study aimed to assess the level of daily LLIN utilization and identify its predictors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a tertiary healthcare centre in Southern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal recipients at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in Uyo, AkwaIbom State. A total of 323 respondents were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of daily LLIN usage. One hundred and twenty seven (39.3%) of the respondents had ever slept inside a LLIN during the index pregnancy, while 22.6% reported daily usage. LLIN ownership was reported by 47.7% of the respondents, highlighting a discrepancy between ownership and consistent use. Predictors of daily LLIN usage included LLIN ownership (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.95-7.48), absence of discomfort during LLIN use (aOR 9.33,95%CI 4.32-20.17), non-use of other malaria preventive measures (aOR 3.7,95% CI 11.51-8.93) and presence of mosquitoes in home dwelling (aOR 3.56 95%CI 1.35-9.37). Health education campaigns should emphasize the benefits of daily LLIN usage during pregnancy. Policy interventions are warranted to increase LLIN distribution and availability to pregnant women through antenatal care clinics.

Introduction: The estimation of fetal weight during pregnancy has a significant impact on the survival of newborns and some immediate and late sequelae of the life of newborns. Estimation of fetal weight also plays a paramount role in determining time, mode, and place of delivery. There are many methods to estimate fetal weight like the palpation method, fundal height measurement, and radio frequency volume reduction. Johnson's method is one of the clinical methods that require no expense and is easier to estimate the precise birth weight and fetal weight. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the Johnsons formula for estimating fetal weight compared to actual birth weight. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study took place in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, between May 2015 to October 2015, six (06) months after approval. The sample size was 600 as per inclusion criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the women by using a pre- design questionnaire after proper counseling and informed written consent. The purposive sampling method was used in the study. Data processing was consisting of registration schedule, editing, computerization, preparation of dummy table, analyzing & matching of data. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 for Windows. The mean values were calculated for continuous variables. The quantitative observations were indicated by frequencies and percentages. Paired t-test was used for continuous variables. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to test the relationship between the groups. P values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The mean age was found 24.5±5.1 years with a range from 18 to 38 years. The mean symphysio fundal height was found 32.4±2.0 cm with a range from 28 to 36 cm. The mean estimated fetal weight was found 3205.2±287.9 grams with a range from 2635 to 3875 grams. The mean actual birth weight after delivery was found 3019.0±359.0 grams with a range from 2200 to 3800 grams. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups. A positive significant correlation (r=0.929; p=0.001) was found between actual birth weight and estimated fetal weight by Johnson's formula. A positive significant correlation (r=0.517; p=0.001) was found between actual birth weight and symphysio fundal height. A positive significant correlation (r=0.129; p=0.002) was also found between the actual birth weight neonate and the BMI of the mother. Conclusion: Antenatal and intranatal fetal weight can be estimated with reasonable accuracy, clinically using Johnson's formula. Ultrasound is not available in remote areas where Johnson's formula is easy and simple to calculate and can be included in the training program of medical and paramedical staff and birth attendants.

In today’s healthcare system, informatics has become an essential part of the infrastructure to improve access to health information, make patient care safer, decrease health care costs, and improve outcomes. The evaluation of these services is an important component of these programs and health professionals should have the requisite knowledge, confidence, and skills to evaluate the impact of the services they provide. However, Nursing staff are seldom adequately prepared by their training or work experience to do this well. In this article the researchers provide a suitable framework and guidance to enable nursing staff to appropriately undertake useful program evaluation. We introduced and discussed Program Evaluation and provided guidelines for its implementation. The framework presented distinguishes program evaluation from research and encourages nursing staff to apply an evaluative judgment, in order that value the merit, worth, and significance of programs can be made. Examples from our evaluation practice are drawn on to illustrate how program evaluation can be used across the Nursing care scope.

Every functional society consists of active shareholders (the leaders and the lead) whose activities are complimentary and must be constantly synergistic. In the event that the required cohesion is to be disturbed, the spectrum inviting such typically owes the other segments of society some form of explanation for such an action. Consequently, this study sets to investigate the linguistic resources deployed for legitimisation in ASUU’s press release of March,2020. To achieve this, Paul Cap’s (2005,2006) Spatial, Temporal and Axiological (STA) model of legitimisation was deployed to analyse for proximisation in the corpus. It was found that the linguistic resources used in the speech represented predominant instances of Spatial, Temporal and Axiological dimensions; ASUU deployed linguistic features for positive proximisation to justify their claims for an extended (indefinite) strike action and negative proximisation when expressing their existential realities, with the Nigerian federal government, in the education sector. The study concludes that judging from the gory realities in the education sector (which ASUU is seen to strongly advocate against), ASUU’s insistence on the federal and state governments to adequately fund the sector is deserving of the needed attention. To this end, it is hoped that the education sector will receive a big boost, if ASUU’s educational gatekeeper role is taken seriously by the concerned relevant stakeholders (government or school proprietors).

Policy briefs are often recommended as a key tool for communicating research findings to policy makers. Some knowledge transfer programs have emerged in the past years to promote the use of research. One of those program was the policy brief. It is a short document synthesizing the results of one or multiple studies. In this policy brief, the researcher used one of his research work has been conducted 10 years ago. The purpose of a policy brief is to inform policymakers’ decisions or motivate action. The Policy brief approach allows for a more comprehensive view of evidence use and to decide more specifically in which ways policymakers use research evidence. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the various forms of uses of policy briefs by policy makers.

Medical errors are a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide, posing risks to patient safety and quality of care. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of medical errors, their types, causes, and potential solutions, based on current literature. The review highlights the importance of addressing medical errors through a multidisciplinary approach, including improved communication, enhanced education and training, the implementation of technology and artificial intelligence, and quality improvement initiatives. It also emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and reporting of medical errors to drive change and improve patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with significant potential to revolutionize healthcare. The application of AI in healthcare has opened up new avenues for improving diagnostics, treatment planning, patient monitoring, and healthcare management.

A position statement is a written statement from an organization that discusses a current clinical problem. That suggests an established and agreed upon approach to this problem by the organization. Position statement synthesizes newly available information and reinforces best nursing practices and give detailed policy or guidelines for practice. The main aim of this paper is to reducing Emergency Department Congestion. In this Position statement published by the researchers will benefit the health care community, in general with the help of inspiring practice improvement and up to date clinical care.

Background: An increase in the left atrial volume index (LAVI) has been recognized as an important indicator of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events. The left atrium plays a crucial role in maintaining efficient cardiac function by facilitating proper blood flow between the pulmonary veins and the left ventricle during diastole. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the relationship between Left Atrial Volume and Diastolic Dysfunction in 500 Bangladeshi Patients. Method: From January 2022 to January 2023, researchers at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh analyzed data from 500 patients in need of a transthoracic echo in the cardiology department. Patients were people aged 20 to 86 with a history free of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, pacemaker usage, valvular disease (other than minor), or congenital cardiopathy who presented with sinus rhythm. Forty-five people were left out because their tests were either too limited to assess mitral diastolic flow (n = 35) or too limited to assess left atrial volume index (n = 10). Five hundred patients were used as the study's final sample size. Results: The average age and proportion of men in the DD groups were both greater than in the normal function group. The DD groups had more left ventricular mass than the controls. Only in the group with ventricular filling limitation pattern (grade III DD), was the ejection fraction significantly decreased. LAVI and dimensions both rose as DD severity increased, from 21 4.2 mL/m2 in grade I to 26.1 7.5 mL/m2 in grade II to 50.4 2.8 mL/m2 in grade III (p 0.001). In addition, the grade I DD groups (altered relaxation) showed a relative decrease in the E-wave and the E/A ratio, and an increase in the mitral deceleration time, when compared to the normal diastolic function group; the opposite was seen in the group with grade III DD (restrictive pattern). All DD subtypes had weaker e' waves compared to those with normal diastolic function. As DD progressed, a rise in the E/e' ratio was seen. LAVI was positively correlated with age, left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic volumes, LV wall relative thickness, LV mass indexed to height raised to the 2.7th power, and E/e' ratio (all p 0.01). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between left atrial volume index and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as between the e' wave and the septal mitral anulus. Conclusion: According to this study in a Bangladeshi population, DD contributes to left atrial remodelling, and a rise in LAVI is an indicator of DD severity. In this cohort with preserved or slightly reduced mean ejection fraction and no substantial valvular heart disease, LAVI increase determinants are related to age, left ventricular hypertrophy, higher filling pressure, and impaired LV systolic performance.