The extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium using unmodified (ROSE) and the 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) has been successfully achieved. Cold solvent extraction technique using a 50:50 acetone/water ratio was used for extraction of the red onion skin at 125 µm mesh size. The metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique. Optimum percentage removal of the metal ions was achieved at pH 6.26 for Ni2+ (89.40 % for ROSE and 97.60 % for ROSEDS) and pH 7.57 for Pb2+ (80.10 % for ROSE and 82.56 % for ROSEDS). Optimum adsorption capacities of ROSE and ROSEDS for Ni2+ were 6.30 mg/g and 7.10 mg/g respectively; while for Pb2+ ions, values obtained for ROSE and ROSEDS were 5.87 mg/g and 6.34 mg/g respectively. Varying adsorbents dosage at fixed metals ion concentration yielded optimum percentage removal of 89.90 % and 97.90 % for Ni2+, while 86.85 % and 90.80 % for Pb2+, using ROSE and ROSEDS, respectively. Adsorption capacities of the adsorbents varied inversely with adsorbent dosages. In general, 4-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (ROSEDS) gave comparatively, better results for the extraction of Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium; relative to the unmodified red onion skin extract (ROSE). Additionally, extraction of Ni2+ ions gave higher percentage removal values in both adsorbents when compared to extraction of Pb2+ ion under similar conditions. This result has been attributed to differences in their ionic radii.

Functional polymers has great importance in the field of electrochemical sensing and biosensors due to adaptable chemical, electrical, and structural features, functional polymers are a significant class of materials that have been extensively used to create electrochemical biosensors. Additionally, conducting polymers can be made nanostructured, functional group-grafted chemically, or combined with other functional materials, like nanoparticles, to significantly enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility of the biosensor's response to a variety of bioanalytes. Since these biosensors offer benefits such being affordable and having a low detection limit, they are anticipated to play an increasingly important role in providing diagnostic information and monitoring therapy. Because of this, this article begins with a description of the electroanalytical techniques (amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, impedometry, voltammetry) used in electrochemical biosensors, and then moves on to a review of recent developments in the use of conducting polymers in the identification of bioanalytes that led to the development of enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and whole-cell biosensors.

Introduction: Over half a million women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, 99% in low and middle-income countries. In many low-income countries, complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death amongst women of reproductive years. Overall, 10% to 15% of direct maternal deaths are associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, where maternal mortality is high; most deaths are attributable to eclampsia, rather than pre- eclampsia. This study aimed to analyze the obstetric outcomes of pregnant women with eclampsia. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology in Uttara Adhunik Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for 6 months; from June 2019- November 2019. A total of 50 subjects were included in this study. Informed written consent was taken from the study subjects. Data was collected using a pre-formed data sheet. Data processing and analysis were done by using SPSS version 17. All patients underwent necessary investigations. All information was kept confidential and used only for this study purpose. The ethical Clearance Certificate was obtained from Bangladesh Medical College. Result: In this study, most of the patients (30, 60.0%) belong to the age group of 18- 25 years, followed by 12 patients (24.0%) were from the>35 years age group and the rest 08 (16.0%) patients belonged to 26-35 years, age group. Most of the patients (35, 70.0%) were nulliparous followed by multiparous (15, 30.0%). Maximum respondents (26, 52.0%) developed seizures at the antepartum stage, followed by 18 patients (36.0%) at the intrapartum stage and the rest 03 (6.0%) patients developed seizures at the postpartum stage. Concerning complications, maximum patients (08, 16.0%) suffered from hemorrhage, followed by anemia (7, 14.0%), abruptio placenta (6, 12.0%), sepsis (5, 10.0%), obstructed labor (4, 8.0%). Regarding maternal and fetal outcomes in eclampsia, this study revealed satisfactory outcomes in 37 (74.0%) patients with prompt actions taken during the condition. However, perinatal death occurred in 2 (4.0%) cases, and maternal death occurred in 1 (2.0%) case. Preterm delivery was done on 10 (20.0%) patients. Conclusion: Obstetric outcome was somewhat satisfactory in this study due to immediate diagnosis and actions taken during eclampsia, however, perinatal death occurred in 2 (4.0%) cases and maternal death occurred in 1 (2.0%) case and 10 (20.0%) cases underwent preterm delivery.

Background: Making appropriate decisions and drawing valid conclusions from the data requires the use of statistics in both scientific and non-scientific contexts. But errors are usually made during the formation of the result of the collected data which are obtained from a diverse and big population. Allowing errors is harmful and unavoidable, therefore, we need to control or limit the maximum level of error using statistics. Aim: Therefore, in the present review we aimed to provide brief information about the statistical test, the type of errors, and how to minimize the type of errors. Method: A unstructured literature survey was done from different online data resources such as Pubmed (NCBI), Elsevier, Springer, and Web of science. Result: In statistical interference, we expect two types of errors (Type I Error and Type II Error) which forces the results of quantitative analysis into the mold of a decision, which is whether to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis. In statistics, the statistical test will give the “p-value”. Discussion & Conclusion: In conclusion, type I error and Type II errors can be minimized by describing the level of significance and power of the study respectively.

Background: This study investigated the correlates of risky sexual behaviours of adolescents in Rivers State. Six objectives with corresponding research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a correlational research design. The population of the study comprised of all 93,076 in- School Senior Secondary School adolescents in Rivers State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 880 from six LGAs in the three senatorial zones of the State. The instrument for data collection was a validated self-structured questionnaire with reliability coefficients of 0.852 for peer pressure and 0.733 for media using Cronbach alpha. Data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 25), percentages were used to answer research questions, and binary logistic regression was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 alpha levels. Results and Discussions: The result of the study showed 14.6% prevalence of sexual behaviours. Also, the findings revealed that 73.2% did not used condoms at sexual debut, 7.3% had sexual intercourse with more than one person, 2.6% had paid sexual intercourse, 2.2% have had sexual intercourse with sex worker and 11.3% have had oral sex. Conclusions: The result of the study established a significant relationship between peer pressure and sexual behaviours (p < 0.05) and result revealed a significant association between social media influence and sexual behaviours (p <0.05). The study recommended that sexual health education be taught early right from the home by parents/ guardians and in school by teachers and school health officers with emphasis on the identified correlates peer pressure and media influence. Parents should not purchase high tech android phones for their children and should monitor what they do with phones provided.

Comparative economic analysis using present net worth method was carried for 1 km of rigid and flexible pavement of Isieke Road, Ebonyi State. Information on the initial construction cost of the given length of the road, the maintenance cost, the rehabilitation cost, the salvage cost and the user cost which were obtained from the Ministry of Works, Ebonyi State, were used to assess the life cycle cost of the each alternative using the present net worth method. Comparisons between the various costs used to determine the life cycle cost for both rigid and flexible pavement showed that except the initial cost of construction where the rigid pavement is considerably higher than the flexible pavement, the other costs show the flexible pavement being on the high side. The summary cost showed that the for the period of 40 years which was the period of study in this work, the life cycle cost (LCC) of rigid pavement is 8.52% lower than that of the flexible pavement. Considering economy, this savings in LCC makes it a more viable alternative to flexible pavement.

Epigenetics is a very active field of research today. This is a mechanism by which environmental factors can influence gene expression. Indeed, epigenetics has been defined as a new science aimed at studying the mechanisms by which the genotype generates the phenotype, without there being any modifications in the DNA sequence. In this context, we conducted a prospective study on the records of 523 patients hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of the CHU Mohamed VI in Marrakech, over a period of 6 months, from July 01, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Main results obtained were as follows: A high MRB carriage rate affecting 45.5% of hospitalized patients during the study period. Late MRB infections are an important part of this. The analysis of the risk factors of these infections had demonstrated the major role of invasive procedures, in particular mechanical ventilation and KTVO, as well as the high duration of hospitalization which was on average 17.47 days in our study. The bacteriological profile was dominated by enterobacteriaceae, particularly K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. Of all the MRBs sent to the Kremlin Bicêtre hospital, 55 strains were analyzed by MLST; including 36 strains of K. pneumonia and 19 strains of E. cloacae. The Enterobacteriaceae strains analyzed in our study were mainly carbapenemase producers, of the NDM and OXA-48 type, and ESBL type CTX-15M. Of all the bacterial clones identified, a high rate of resistance to antibiotics, in particular carbapenems, was noted in the following clones: ST 1805, ST 1158 and ST 307. The ST 1805 clone was exclusively found in our series.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), one of the most widely used food-additives in commercial foods gives a special aroma (umami) to processed foods. It’s vital to brain metabolism and function. Adverse effects of MSG have been widely reported. However, there is scarcity of literature on the action of MSG on spatial memory and cognition. Hence, there is need to assess the effect of MSG ingestion on spatial memory and cognitive behavior in Wistar rats. 25 Wistar rats were randomly selected into five groups and treated for three weeks thus: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (0.7 mL MSG), Group 3 (1 mL MSG), Group 4 (1.5 mL MSG) Group 5 (0.1 mL Epinephrine). Neurobehavioral (Barnes, navigation, and handgrip) activities exhibited by the various groups were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA. In the Barnes maze test, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in escape time in group 4 when compared to the control for weeks 1 and 3. In week 1 of the Navigation maze test, group 4 animals spent less time (p<0.05) to navigate the maze when compared to the control. In week 1 and 3 of the handgrip test, animals in groups 2, 3 and 5 had a significant decline (p<0.05) in grip strength when compared to the control group; However, in week 2, only the animals in group 5 had a decline in grip strength (p<0.05) when compared to control. MSG did not cause any form of neurotoxicity, cognitive or motor decline in rats.

The Schiff base ligand has been synthesized by the reaction of ethanolic solution of benzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The corresponding metal complexes were obtained by refluxing the chlorides of Co(II) and Ni(II) with the prepared Schiff base in an ethanolic medium. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were established and analyzed by FT-IR, solubility test, melting point/decomposition temperature and conductivity measurement. The melting point of the Schiff base was found to be 157C and decomposition temperature of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were found to be 167°C and 174°C respectively. Molar conductance values of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are 1.31 and 2.04 µS/cm respectively. The solubility test carried out showed that the complexes are soluble in most organic solvents and insoluble in water. The antibacterial activity test of the ligand and metal complexes showed that the metal complexes were found to be active against the organism tested while the ligand was inactive.

This paper examines the time-varying conditional correlations among Crude oil. EUR/USD and major ETS markets. We apply a trivariate dynamic conditional correlation (cDCC) GARCH models in order to capture potential contagion effects between the markets for the period 2013-2017. Empirical results reveal contagion during the under investigation period regarding the trivariate models, showing potential volatility transmission channels among the markets. Findings have crucial implications for policymakers who provide regulations for the above derivative markets.

Background: Despite noteworthy socio-economic development and advances in medical science, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. Although it is a curable disease, still millions of people suffer and a large number of patients die from this infectious disease. Now a day, the prevalence and nature of tuberculosis are not in a consistent stage. So we need more current information regarding this issue. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of tuberculosis patients attended in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study which was conducted in the department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to June 2022. In total 87 diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, treated in the mentioned hospital were selected as the study subjects. Before data collection, proper written consents were taken from all the participants. For data collection a predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. Collected data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0 program as per necessity. Results: In this study, the male-female ratio of the participants was 1.7:1. The highest number of participants were from the 41-50 years’ age group which was 27.59%. BMI (Kg/m2) was found ≥18.5 in 61% and < 18.5 was found in 39% of patients. Majority (56%) of the cases were ‘non- smoker’. As the types of TB, pulmonary Koch’s, CNS tuberculosis, abdominal Koch’s, and TB lymphadenitis were found in 43% 21%, 14%, and 13% of participants respectively which was noticeable. In this study, among all the participants, cough and fever were found as two most frequent symptoms which were found in 93% and 84% of patients respectively. Conclusion: Fever and cough are the two most frequent symptoms in tuberculosis patients. Although the death rate among TB patients is not alarming, the treatment success rate of the first treatment attempt is not satisfactory among tuberculosis patients.

This study primarily aimed to analyze the effect of the human development, Information, Communication, and Technology development index, and creative economy export value on the gross domestic product of the creative economy. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with Eviews 12. Study samples were time series data of creative economy GDP, Human Development Index, ICT development index, and creative economy product export values between 2007 and 2020. This study found that: (1) HDI significantly and partially affects the creative economy GDP, (2) the ICT development index significantly and partially affects the creative economy GDP, (3) creative economy product export values significantly and partially affect the creative economy GDP, and (4) HDI, ICT development index, and creative economy export values significantly and simultaneously affect the creative economy GDP. The result of this study suggests the need for the government to improve education quality, build sufficient, equal ICT infrastructure, and make regulations that facilitate creative economy actors. The creative economy actors are recommended to develop more creative products, while educators are suggested to develop more innovative learning methods.

The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the performance of local governments through the developmental achievements of unemployment, inflation, poverty, inequality, income distribution and economic growth in West Java over the last five years. Also to find out the dominance of the performance of the West Java Government based on targets on regional macroeconomics for the last five years. The research method uses descriptive case studies to analyze the performance of the West Java Provincial Government on regional macroeconomic variable data series which are estimated by each of the previous achievements and target plans. The results show that the development of the achievement of regional macroeconomic variables in the implementation process is a form of West Java Provincial Government performance that considers the evaluation of previous achievements and targeting orientation. In addition, efforts to maintain regional macroeconomic variables are trying to reduce unemployment, poverty, and the distribution of income balance. Meanwhile, the control is carried out on achieving inflation and the economic growth rate.

The purpose of this study is to find out why the regulation on land registration in Indonesia is not ideal yet and what is the Ideal Regulation of Land Registration Using Land Certificate as Evidence Based on Legal Certainty. This writing method uses a constructivism paradigm, namely a paradigm with an ontology of relativism, a sociological juridical approach method, namely an approach by seeking information through direct interviews with informants empirically first and then proceeding with conducting research on primary data contained in interviews with informants and then strengthening it with studies literature through theoretical steps, the nature of this research is descriptive- analytical where the data is obtained from field data both interviews and/or questionnaires which are carried out by directly observing the competent parties. The result of the study shows that the system has weaknesses and technical constraints, namely in the process of collecting juridical data and physical data of land registration applicants is considered not in accordance with the achievement of targets from the PTSL program, lack of effectiveness of complete systematic land registration in theoretical studies the legal system is influenced by factors of legal substance. As well as suggestions in this writing, namely, the principle of Nemo Plus Juris should be able to better protect owners of land rights, to minimize the occurrence of lawsuits in court, land registration officers from the BPN/Ministry of Agrarian should examine the correctness of physical and juridical data on a plot of land accurately, if the landlord when land certificates act tend not to comply with regulations (not obey/disobey), then a reconstruction of land registration changes can be carried out because they are deemed unable to provide legal certainty and legal protection for holders of land certificates, the effectiveness of law enforcement or application is determined by the performance of BPN as PTSL organizers in maximizing the implementation of the PTSL program, presenting an innovation in e-certificates issuing policies regarding the enforceability of electronic land certificates equipped with hash code security, QR code, and single identity.

The objectives of this research are to analyze and find out the weaknesses in the legal construction of the authority to implement Deponering (the authority of the attorney general not to prosecute a case for policy reasons) in relation to the principle of opportunity by the prosecutor's office and how to reconstruct the law based on justice value. The method used in this study uses an empirical approach and a normative juridical approach with the paradigm used by the constructivism paradigm. The results of the research show that the Weaknesses in the legal construction of the implementation of Deponaring by the Attorney General in relation to the application of the opportunity principle, one of which, is the basis for consideration of the public interest which does not yet have clear and measurable indicators. In addition, minimal supervision of the implementation of the Attorney General's authority. In order to tackle this, a legal reconstruction of the authority to implement Deponaring in relation to the principle of opportunity based on the value of justice is needed to determine the indicators and conditions for the Attorney General in making decisions overriding cases in Government Regulations, so that the implementation of the Attorney General's sole authority does not escape supervision and fulfills justice for society. As a counterweight to Deponering authority, the public prosecutor must be given the authority to stop prosecution based on restorative justice which is based on the discretionary authority of the Attorney General's Office as a response to the development of society that wants misdemeanor crimes and crimes with low economic value not to be continued with the prosecution process, by prioritizing the principle of restorative justice. Termination of prosecution based on restorative justice by the public prosecutor, which in practice is very beneficial for the wider community, especially for victims and perpetrators of crimes.