Without addressing environmental degradation and the social and economic inequities of the future, poverty reduction today cannot be accomplished or sustained. This is especially true when it comes to gender-based discrepancies in how the environment is used. Inherent societal gender inequality is a violation of human rights and a major concern for sustainable development. A thorough understanding of how men and women relate to the natural environment and environmental resources, as well as their rights and roles in resource planning and management, is required for social equity in society, gender-sensitive economic strategies, and environmental protection, according to discussions on equity and sustainable development in this paper. This understanding can be attained through environmental education programmes.

Educational output is measured by the competence of teacher, and for any teacher to be competitive enough to withstand the global capability, he or she required acquisition of some level of competence skill, thus fostering teacher’s competencies for global competitiveness is a necessary issue in teacher education. Two areas of teacher's competence (teacher’s pedagogical and intercultural competence) for global competitiveness was discussed. It was pointed out that in order to enhance teachers' capacity to instruct, the subject of teacher teacher’s pedagogical and intercultural competence becomes one that calls for critical consideration. To fosters teachers’ competence motivation is essential for teachers to maintain their zeal and enthusiasm and have a greater global impact.

Aim of this study: It was to determine the prevalence of Mandibular Incisive Canal (MIC) among a sample of Yemeni adults obtained from Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study which is conducted in Yemen to evaluate CBCT images of 180 subjects, 360 sides were evaluated respectively. The samples were 74 males (41.1%) and 106 females (58.9%). Result: Of the 180 subjects and 360 sides, 167 right (92.8%) and 171 left (95%) Sides were found to have MIC. Among these subjects, 166 (96.5%) had MIC bilaterally and 6 (3.5%) were unilaterally. According to gender, females were (98.1%) and males (91.9%), while among age groups ≤ 40 years (94.3%) and > 40 years (97.3%) were found to have MIC. The mean height of MIC was 1.77 ±.45mm and the mean width was 1.66 ±.44 mm. The mean length of MIC was 12.74 ±4.4 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the alveolar process was 16.77 ±4.06 mm and to the inferior border of the mandible was 8.61 ±1.9 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the labial bony surface was 3.12 ±1.09 mm and to the lingual bony surface was 4.35 ±1.5 mm. All the mean values of the linear measurements were slightly higher in males than that of females. There were statistically significant differences in D3, D5 & D6 between genders and in D3, D4 & D5 between ages (P < 0.05). But there was no statistically difference between sides. Conclusion: The MIC is present with a significant percentage of 95.6 % of Yemeni adults, which emphasizes the need to raise the awareness of MIC position and configuration among general practitioners and maxillofacial surgeons.

This paper is a critical analysis of The Chattering Wagtails of Mikuyu Prison, a collection of poems by Jack Mapanje. It aims at demonstrating how new voices in politics are often compelled to silence. It explores the factors that make the hope of the masses dissipate to make room for a great despair in the heart of both the masses and the political opponents and activists who in our case here are writers. To conduct this work, we have based our analysis on new historicism and post-colonial criticism using the qualitative research method. The results of our findings reveal that some people get involved in politics either directly or indirectly with the hope of bringing about changes in the management of their country so as to put it on the path of sustainable development. Unfortunately, the powerholders resort to all the possible means to show resistance through all possible means to silence and discourage them. This state of affairs constitutes a hindrance to a true development and a good political leadership in Africa where powerholders do not tolerate opposition at all.

Introduction: Infertility is a common issue among married couples in Bangladesh. Infertility is often caused by a combination of multiple factors, and that individual cases of infertility can be complex and difficult to diagnose. Objective: To assess the determinants of infertility among the infertile couples both male and female. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Infertility unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during the period from 01.07.2018 to 30.31.12.2021. Five hundred infertile couples were recruited from the out-patient department of infertility unit who came to take treatment for their infertility problem. Results: Mean (± SD) age of the female patients was 27.1 ± 5.2 years ranged between 18-44 years. Mean (± SD) age of the husband of patients was 34.0 ± 5.9 years ranged between 22-55 years. Primary infertility was seen in 59.8% study subjects and secondary infertility was seen in 40.2% study subjects. In our study, most of the women (94%) had below normal (<3 U/L) serum FSH. Most of the women (96%) had below normal (< 2U/L) serum LH. Serum TSH was normal (0.2 – 4.5 mU/L) in 51.0% patients. Majority of the women (60.8%) had above normal (>21 pml/L) serum FT4 level. Most of the women 72.2% had normal serum prolactin level. In male patients, Testosterone level was above normal (>30 nmol/L) in majority of the patients (73.4%). In Hysterosalpigography (HSG), 0.40% had abnormal uterine cavity, 4.2% had septed uterus, 15.2% had bicornuate uterus, 1.0% had unicornuate uterus and 1.6% had endometrial polyp. Hysteroscopy found abnormal uterus in 1.2% of patients, abnormal uterine cavity in 11.4%, abnormal endometrial flakes in 12.4%, abnormal right ostium in 13.0% and abnormal left ostium in 12.6%. Intrauterine adhesion, polyp and submucus fibroid were found in 35.2%, 2.8% and 17.6% respectively. Laparoscopy found abnormal uterus in 3% patients, abnormal right fallopian tube in 33.2%, abnormal left fallopian tube in 34.2%. Also, abnormal right fallopian tube in 37.0% and abnormal left fallopian tube in 37.6%. Pouch of Douglas free was found in 63%. During dye test in laparoscopy, 57.6% patients were found positive. In quality, semen type was found poor (<4%) in majority (61%) of the husbands. Regarding semen count, above normal (>20 million/ml) level was found in majority of the patients (80.8%). Regarding semen quality, majority (96%) had oligospermia (<15 million/ml). In case of rapid linear (RL), normal (50-60%) level was seen in majority of the patients (81.6%). In case of slow linear (SL), below normal (<15%) was seen in majority (64.8%) of the patients. Regarding non-propagative (NP), normal (0-10%) level was seen in most of the (87.8%) patients. In case of morphology of sperms, above normal (>50 million/ml) level was seen in most of the patients (80.6%). Conclusion: This study shows that a significant percentage of both male and female are suffering from infertility. The major causes of male infertility are partly hormonal, structural abnormalities of male genitalia, infection of genital tract, and partly psychological. Causes of female infertility are mostly hormonal, structural abnormalities of the uterus, fallopian tubes, infection of the genital tract and partly psychological.

Objective: the study was planned to determine the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations (ANC) in the City Province of Kinshasa, and to identify the socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetric determinants; to help improve maternal and child health. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in October 2018 in the health zone of Matete and that of N'sele. 456 mothers took part by answering a questionnaire made available to them with supporting explanation. Data were statistically analyzed using jamovi 1.6.23 software. Descriptive analyzes and logistical regression made it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. Results: 74.1% of mothers had initiated ANC late. The main determinants were: residence in the N'sele’s Health Zone [OR = 3.61 (2.04 – 6.39); p ˂ 0.001]; low level of education [OR = 10.07 (2.68 – 37.87); p ˂ 0.001] or secondary level [OR = 4.61 (1.78 – 11.98); p≤0.002]; marriage [OR = 1.93 (1.04 – 3.59); p ≤ 0.037] as well as dietary restrictions during pregnancy [OR = 2.20 (1.11 – 4.36); p≤0.024]. Conclusion: the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations is very high in the City Province of Kinshasa. Strategies to encourage women to initiate early antenatal visits should focus on improving socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetrical conditions without forgetting the political and health aspects. The cultural consideration will have to hold the attention of the decision-makers or investigators to the projects related to this problem.

In order to examine and contrast the effects of brushing with miswak and nano calcium carbonate toothpaste on the surface hardness of human teeth surfaces that had been demineralized with citric acid, a study was conducted. Surface hardness was assessed using a Knoop Hardness Tester after brushing for fourteen or twenty-eight minutes, and data were compared using Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. These findings demonstrated that the increase in surface hardness following the use of nano calcium carbonate toothpaste was greater than the rise following the use of miswak toothpaste (p 0.05).

Odontogenic pain is very common among pregnant women. Pregnant patients and their fetuses are more at risk when they experience pain, which frequently comes along with periapical or pulp infections. Therefore, it is crucial to offer adequate pain relief and eradication of the infection for the pregnant woman while maintaining the safety of fetus inside the womb. Antibiotics are used in endodontic treatment; thus, the choice of appropriate and safe antibiotic for pregnant patients is very important. The current study will highlight the antibiotics that can be used in the treatment of dental-related infections during pregnancy.

Increased consumer awareness of the health advantages of plant-based foods and beverages has resulted in a preference for functional beverages over traditional sugar-laden drinks and beverages that just satisfy thirst but give little or no nutritional or health benefits. This study carried out the formulation and sensory evaluation of cocoa beverages enriched with calcium and zinc. Nutritional composition, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were investigated using standard analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical chemist. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The result of proximate indicates that moisture, ash, and fibre content were within the normal range. The result also shows that the blend formulated contained an appreciable amount of vitamin A and minerals elements such as K, Na, Ca, and Zn which are public health importance. The result of functional properties indicate that bulk density range from (0.763 - 0.579 g/cm3), swelling index (0.7- 0.32 ml/g), reconstitution index (3.0 – 1.1 g/ml), water absorption capacity (0.6 – 0.58 ml/g) and pH (6.78-6.63). Therefore, on the basis of this study, it can be concluded that the formulated blends serve can serve as a good sources of macro and micro nutrients to combat hidden hunger.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected all areas in the country. One area whose functioning had been significantly impacted by COVID-19 was education. The goal of this research was to determine practices of covid-19 pandemic containment measures among TVET students in Kakamega County. Cross-sectional research was conducted using a questionnaire. TVET students around the country filled out the survey after it was made available to them online. It was determined whether or not there was a statistically significant correlation between KAP (knowledge and attitude) and other socio-demographic factors by using chi-square testing. Using binary logistic regression, we were able to isolate and adjust for any confounding variables. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis (version 26). According to the respondents' demographic information, the vast majority of participants were male. Participants' average age was under 24. Majority of the respondents were single (n = 306, 78.1%) and were studying for diploma qualification (n = 238, 60.7%). In addition, most of them were in their second year of study (n = 192, 49.0%). With regard to practices, at least six practices were adhered to by 212 (54.1%) of the respondents. These eight PP include things like washing hands and using proper hygiene (70.7%), wearing of face masks (51.0%), and avoiding public places and maintaining a safe distance between individuals (50.9%). (74.0 percent and 64.3 percent respectively). According to the results of the binary logistic regression, females engaged in less harmful activities than men did with respect to COVID-19 (OR = 0.323, p 0.001). Age and academic year were also shown to have a role in the respondents' habits. Students aged 30 and over had a lower odd of engaging in negative behaviors than those aged 24 and under (OR = 0.631, p = 0.0083). In conclusion, over half of respondents were found to adhere to at least six measures, including hand washing and other forms of cleanliness, mask use, avoiding crowded areas, and keeping a safe space between themselves and others. However, a sizable percentage engaged in at least three harmful habits. Based on the findings of this research, the following are the recommended that for future studies, it will be important to get feedback from educators as well as students. The results of such research in the future would add to the body of data supporting the use of confinement techniques.

This article aims at the description and the contrastive analysis of suffixation, part of the affixal derivation, of Biali and German. Indeed, it describes two types of suffixation in Biali, namely: nominal suffixation and verbal suffixation. On the German side, it identifies and describes four types of suffixation which are the nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial suffixations. From the contrastive analysis of these different types of Biali and German suffixation, it notes that they have nominal and verbal suffixations in common. It points out that their differences are noticeable at the level of adjectival and adverbial suffixations, because these are only found in German and not in Biali.

The metabolic profile of HIV/AIDS patient on HAART was investigated in comparison with HIV/AIDS patient who are HAART naive and also with the zero negative controls. Sixty (60) HIV subjects were used for the study and were carefully divided into two groups of thirty (30) each; group one were those on HAART and the other HAART naive while thirty (30) zero negative subjects were used as the control. Patients used for these studies are those who have been on the treatment for at least a year and not more than three years. Metabolic parameters assessed included serum total protein, albumin, globulin, electrolytes, creatinine and lipid profile. Results obtained reveals no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the serum electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in all groups and similar trend was also observed for total protein and albumin levels but a significant (P< 0.05) reduction was observed in the level of serum globulin concentration of patients on HAART (2.86±0.67) compared with the HAART naive (3.41±0.62). More so, there was significant (P<0.05) elevation in the serum total cholesterol concentration for the HAART group (150.9±15.01) compared with HAART naive (114.5±17.04) and similar trend was also observed for LDL-cholesterol which may be a possibly indication of altered lipid metabolism. Thus, patients on HAART should carry out routine biochemical check most especially lipid panel assessment to avoid risk of altered metabolism; lipid dystrophy etc.

Background: Malnutrition among preschool children is still a serious public health problem in Nigeria and other developing countries. The critical role fathers play in providing support in improving infant, young child and maternal nutrition cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, the current study seeks to explore the level of male involvement in infant and young child nutrition and its association with nutritional status. Methodology: A cross sectional study among 190 households, 5 focus group discussions, and 5 key informant interviews were conducted in Birnin Kebbi metropolis of Kebbi State in Nigeria. Anthropometric measurement, biochemical and physical evaluation were used to assess nutritional status of preschool children of the respondents. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews conducted and summarized into themes. Results: The study revealed that higher percentage of the males provided money to buy food for the children (93.6%), and only 9.8% have ever accompanied mothers to young child clinics. Conclusion: In this study, most males were involved in buying food for their children, and providing money for transport to young child clinics was associated with normal nutritional status of children less than 5 years in the study area.

It is well-established that the position of fraud crime has gradually shifted from traditional offline fraud to online telecom fraud. Among them, “Pig-Butchering Scam”, as a new type of fraud, was listed as one of the ten most prevalent fraud crimes by the National Anti-Fraud Center of China in February 2021. This study focuses on the victims of “Pig- Butchering Scam” cases, aiming to find out what common susceptibility traits or potential victimization factors the victims have, and how to cut off their false representations from the “susceptibility” to the behavioral dimension through effective interventions, in order to refine the psychological induction mechanism of emotion-based telecom fraud through this study. The purpose of this study is to refine the psychological induction mechanism of emotional telecommunication fraud. We have conducted field surveys and semi-structured interviews on victims’ personalities and analyzed their common characteristics. The results were similar to our hypothesis: the vast majority of victims generally showed a tendency to have low self-identity in the dimension of self-esteem, especially interpersonal-social self-esteem. This result suggests that people with low self-esteem, especially those with low interpersonal social self-esteem, are more likely to be potential victims of the “Pig-Butchering Scam”.

Introduction: Eclampsia (Greek, “shining forth”) is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, and is characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizure, usually in a patient who had developed pre-eclampsia. Pre- eclampsia and eclampsia are collectively called hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and toxemia of pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the feto-maternal outcome of preterm eclampsia and its relationship with the mode of delivery. Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted at the eclampsia unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was carried out from February 2012 to July 2012. A total of 92 subjects were enrolled in this study as per inclusion criteria. Result: In this study, the prevalence of eclampsia was 10.12%, and preterm eclampsia was 1.31%. The majority of the patients (48.91%) were within 20-25 years of age, and only 1.09% were >30 years of age. Most of the patients were primi gravida (78.26%). The majority of the patients (54.35%) reported within 3-5 hours. Most of the patients came at 33-34 weeks gestation, but quite a significant percentage (30%) came at 28-32 weeks of gestation. A large number of patients delivered spontaneously, a fair number of patients were induced & a few patients required LSCS. In both SVD & induced groups, the majority of the patients (62% & 66% respectively) were delivered within 7-12 hours. In the SVD group, 10% of patients were delivered within 6 hours whereas in the cesarean section group 85% of patients were delivered within 6 hours. Maximum patients (81%) had induction delivery intervals between 7-12 hours. 12 (60%) patients had LSCS done due to fetal distress, 2 (10%) due to previous H/O LSCS, 1 (5%) due to primi gravida with a twin pregnancy, and 5(25%) due to primi gravida with breech presentation. Of patients who presented at 28-32 weeks of gestation, among them 16 had SVD, 11 patients had induction of labor, and LSCS was done in only one case & which was stillborn. The majority of the babies in the SVD & induced group developed asphyxia (81% & 90% respectively) and the majority needed admission to NICU (62% & 73% respectively). PND was also high (>50%) in both groups. Of patients who presented at 33-34 weeks of gestation, 19 had SVD, 15 patients had induction of labor, and only 4 patients required LSCS. A significant number of babies in all three groups (42%, 47% & 100% respectively) were healthy. Although in SVD & induced groups a large number of babies developed asphyxia (58% & 47% respectively) and admission was required in NICU 26% in both groups. PND was few in both groups. For patients who presented at 35-36 weeks of gestation, the majority was delivered by LSCS (15) & outcomes of babies were good in this group as well as in the SVD group. Only one baby developed birth asphyxia. The maternal outcome was good in all three groups (85%, 91%, & 100% respectively). No maternal complication occurred in the cesarean section group. In SVD & induced group few maternal complications occurred such as recurrent convulsion (12% & 13% respectively), CVD (single case in both groups), pulmonary edema (1), HELLP syndrome (1), and septicemia (1). Three mothers die in SVD & induced group. Conclusion: This study concluded that early-onset eclampsia has been associated with worse perinatal outcomes. Gestational age <32 weeks who do not go into labor spontaneously may offer induction, as the cesarean section does not carry any good prognosis to the fetus but rather increases morbidity to the mother. When gestational age crosses >33 weeks, a complete evaluation of the fetal condition, mental condition, and cervix is necessary to plan for the mode of delivery.