Background: Stomal site incisional hernia is a common complication following ostomy closure. Prophylactic mesh reinforcement of the fascial defect is typically not considered due to the contaminated nature of the case. The effectiveness of prophylactic mesh placement at the time of stoma closure is unknown because of fear of mesh infection and subsequent wound complications. Purpose: To compare the results obtained by placing synthetic mesh in the stoma site during closure with conventional technique without mesh to prevent incisional. Patients and Methods: Prospective interventional study had been designed to compare the outcome of permanent synthetic mesh placement at the time of ostomy closure. Total 45 patients were selected purposively who were candidates for ostomy closure and presented at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from April 2019 to September 2020 and divided into two groups (no mesh and mesh). In the mesh group, permanent synthetic mesh (ProleneTM – Polypropylene) was placed. Primary outcome, incisional stomal hernia was assessed at regular follow-up for one year along with associated morbidities. Results: The primary outcome of this study i.e. incisional hernia (stomal site) was observed among 1 (4.8%) patients at 4th week, 3 (14.3%) at 3rd month, 7 (33.3%) at 6th month and 8 (38.1%) at 12th month follow-up in no mesh group. And, only 1 patient at 6th month and 12th month follow-up had hernia in the mesh group (Figure 3). There was no difference statistically between no mesh and mesh groups at 4th week and 3rd month but significant difference found at 6th and 12th month follow-up (p=0.280, p=0.344, p=0.033 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Prophylactic placement of permanent polypropylene mesh during ostomy closure placement significantly reduced the rate of incisional hernia without any additional morbidity. Placement of mesh was found to be both safe and effective.

As a form of Higher Education's Tridharma, community service through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is needed to explore responses from students, namely Real Work Lecture participants to the economic phenomenon that is currently being rolled out by the government, namely Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). The purpose of this activity is to formulate a BUM Desa financial literacy model according to the perspective of students (participants of the Real Work Lecture) which at the same time implements the realm of knowledge received in college with real conditions in the field, namely the village. Considerations for choosing FGDs are: planned discussions, directed by trained moderators to explore participants' understanding and opinions regarding the topics discussed, namely financial literacy. The results of the FGD explained that the model applied in BUM Desa financial literacy is by integrating aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Knowledge of finance is the basis for managers in managing achievements. Management skills or skills must also be owned by managers. Meanwhile, honesty is an important aspect and is inherent in financial managers.

Introduction: Fibrothecal group tumours are part of the gonadal stromal and sex cord tumours (GSST) and represent 1-4.7% of all organic ovarian tumours and are usually benign. We felt it important to report a case in order to share our experience in the management of fibrothecal tumours of the ovary. Observation: This was a 51-year-old postmenopausal patient who was referred to the hospital for abdominal pain in the context of an abdominal mass. A clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound concluded that the left ovarian tumour was benign. A left annecxectomy was performed and the histological examination concluded that the tumour was benign. No tumour marker was measured and no CT scan was performed. The postoperative course was simple and the patient was followed for 3 months.

Tourism plays a significant role in the development of a city, thus, tourism translation through websites plays an irreplaceable role in promoting local cultural publicity. This paper aims to study ways to promote the dissemination of local culture through three parts: literature review, Analysis of website construction and translations of Ancient City Culture. It analyzes the current construction situation of Baoding’s related websites, pointsing out their current shortcomings, while putting forward various suggestions. In addition, from the perspective of translation, the defects in the translation content of current websites has been pointed out from three perspectives: historical stories and ancient literature, proper nouns, natural scene, and providing corresponding revised translations and methods and suggestions for the translation of this type of text.

Ketamine, an N-methyl –D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, has been abused as a recreational drug due to its euphoric, dissociative, and hallucinogenic characteristics. Series of studies have been carried out on the effect of ketamine on cognition and memory. However, there is dearth literature on the activities of ketamine as a recreational drug of abuse; its effect on motor response in association with cognitive behaviours in Wistar rat models. Hence, this study is necessary to investigate the effects of chronic administration of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine on perceptual, cognitive, and motor responses in Wistar rats. 25 Wistar rats (160-180 kg) were randomly selected into five groups and treated for three weeks thus: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (0.2 mL Ketamin-i.p), Group 3 (0.4 mL Ketamin-i.p), Group 4 (0.6 mL Ketamin-i.p) Group 5 (0.5 mL Cerebrex-orally). Neurobehavioral (Barnes, rotarod, and handgrip) activities exhibited by the various groups were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA. In the Barnes maze test, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in escape time from weeks 1, 2 and 3 in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control. In week 2 and 3 of the handgrip test, animals in group 4 had a significant improvement (p<0.05) in grip strength when compared to control. In weeks 1 and 2 of the rotarod test, groups 2 and 4 animals respectively, showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in balance compared to control. Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine inhibited cognitive function but not motor responses in Wistar rats.

Laurus nobilis is one of the most popular species belonging to the lauraceae family and it has been reported to possess many physiological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal and wound healing effects. In this study, effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Laurus nobilis on some oxidative stress markers and liver function parameters of female Wistar rats were investigated. Five rats were randomly assigned into each of groups 1-4, of which group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Groups 2-4 were treated with 100mg/kg bw, 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Laurus nobilis respectively, for a period of 14 days. The results obtained indicated that the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities as well as, gluthathione reductase and peroxidase activities were not significantly affected. The malondialdehyde level did not change significantly after two weeks of extract administration. The extract caused no significant (P<0.05) alteration in the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as serum concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin. This study have shown that extract of Laurus nobilis neither altered hepatic function parameters nor promoted toxic stress in the female Wistar rats.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous, phenotypically complex disease made up of various biologic subgroups with unique behaviors and therapeutic responses. Noted that despite lack of a cure for metastatic breast cancer (MBC), there have been appreciable advancements in survival that have occurred at the same time as newer systemic treatments. BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations cause homologous recombination deficient (HRD) cells, which are vulnerable to PARPi agent treatment. Case Report: This case report presents a 40 years old single female, known case of multiple co-morbidities who was diagnosed with Bilateral breast cancer in June 2022. She has a Positive family history of malignancy; mother died from endometrial cancer and aunt from paternal side has breast cancer. She underwent needle core biopsy from her Right breast mass, which revealed Invasive high-grade ductal carcinoma with metaplastic features (foci of keratinizing squamous differentiation, and myxoid stromal change). DCIS, of intermediate and high grades and a solid pattern, was noted, focally suspicious for lymphovascular invasion, Triple negative (ER negative (<1%), PR negative (<1%) and her-2 (+2) FISH negative (Her-2 Low), KI 67= 70%. Left breast mass Biopsy done on 12/9/2022 showed Invasive Lobular carcinoma, grade 3, ER negative, PR negative, Her-2 +1, KI 67=70%, BRCA2 POSITIVE & PDL1 CPS score 10%. Staging positron emission tomography scan done on 10 October 2022. She had a Large hypermetabolic fungating right breast mass infiltrating the chest wall, consistent with biopsy-proven malignancy. Additional smaller FDG-avid lesions noted in the right breast. Moreover, she had FDG-avid right axillary and right internal mammary nodal metastases. Mildly FDG-avid left breast mass, consistent with biopsy-proven malignancy. FDG-avid liver and pleural metastases. She was started on PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) on 20/9/2022 after which she had amazing fast clinical response leading to falling off the large fungating mass. Conclusion: The chance of developing breast and ovarian cancer is extremely elevated if one possesses BRAC 1 or BRCA 2 mutation. In this situation, PARP inhibitors, mutation-targeted therapy, has better outcomes in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with metastatic breast cancer (Olaparib).

The combination of gastric tumor and hiatal hernia is a rare event, that makes management delicate, and the prognosis pejorative given the risk of multidirectional lymphatic dissemination. Through this case report, we present a fully laparoscopic management, in an 80-year-old woman with a gastric tumor of the upper 1⁄3 of the stomach, associated with a huge hiatal hernia. This lady presented to the emergencies during the period of the Covid 19 pandemic, for dyspnea crisis of progressive worsening. thoraco-abdominopelvic CT showed a huge hiatal hernia explaining its symptomatology. Esogastroduodenal fibroscopy showed a cardia-gastric tumor. A total laparoscopy gastrectomy with lymph node dissection D1.5 associated with a cure of hiatal hernia were performed. The postoperative follow-up was simple and the patient declared outgoing on Day 5 postoperative.

The present study was undertaken to examine the direct effect of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs Ethionamide (ETH), Para amino salicylic acid (PAS), Aloe vera on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv ATCC No- 27294. It is found that Aloe vera does not interfere with single or in the combination of both ETH and PAS showing the bioenhancer activity. In vitro study of Aloe vera observed that the extract inhibited the growth of H37Rv strains. The present results will pave new avenues to find a new medicine that possesses Aloe vera alone or in combination with drugs to combat H37Rv strains controlling tuberculosis.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease characterized by a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is either primary (in 60% of cases) or a secondary complication of multiple myeloma [1]. In this context, we report the case of a 37-year-old patient with respiratory distress, whose bone marrow smear showed the presence of 64% of dystrophic plasma cells. A serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation was performed, revealing results in favor of pPCL. A cytogenetic study was not performed due to lack of resources. The patient was put on multidrug therapy with a favorable evolution.

Introduction: There are millions of people in the world but no two humans are exactly alike not even identical twins. Genetic variations in man are caused by several environmental factors acting alongside with selection, gene flow, genetic drift and migration. Studies have been done on morphogenetic traits such as the pattern of hand clasping in some parts of Africa and among some tribes in southern region of Nigeria but there is no available data on the pattern of hand clasping among the Idoma tribe of Benue State. Hence, this study aimed to determine the pattern of hand clasping among the Idoma people of Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was community-based, descriptive, and cross-sectional with a sample size of 401. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire that was administered by an interviewer following an examination of hand clasping pattern. Results and Discussion: The proportion of participants that expressed hand clasping with the left thumb on top was 16.7%, while right thumb on top was 83.3%. There were no significant socio-demographic characteristics among participants (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study implies that hand clasping with the right thumb on top is a marked characteristic of the people of Idoma and, as such, can be used to identify them amongst other tribes where the identity of the tribes is not known ab initio.

Despite decades of research, the causes and biology of schizophrenia remain unknown. The condition is associated with metabolic symptoms such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and obesity. These sensations are a prevalent side effect of the new antipsychotic medications. Nevertheless, metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia has been studied before the antipsychotic phase, and it has also been documented in patients with first- onset schizophrenia prior to antipsychotic treatment. We investigate the evidence for metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia patients, both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Post-mortem brain tissue molecular analysis indicated alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin signalling pathways, whereas blood-based molecular profiling revealed hyperinsulinemia and abnormalities in insulin and co-released factor synthesis after the development of symptoms. Yet, such features are not seen in all patients with the disorder, and not all people with such defects have schizophrenia symptoms. One explanation of these facts is the presence of an underlying metabolic sensitivity in a subset of persons that interacts with environmental or hereditary factors to create the disorder's overt symptoms.

Therapeutic phlebotomy is the removal of red blood cells or serum iron from the blood. It is one of the preferred treatments for blood disorders. In ancient times this process was known as bloodletting. Generalized method included were venesection and arteriotomy and systemic methods included were cupping and by leeches. It stimulates bone marrow stem cells to generate new red blood cells (RBCs). Iron for hemoglobin synthesis is taken from the body thus reducing serum iron. Different indications of therapeutic phlebotomy include Polycythemia Vera, Hemochromatosis, Porphyria cutanea tarda, Sickle cell disease, Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hyperferritinemia. Other methods available for reducing RBC and iron level include apheresis and administration of desferroxamine. Phlebotomy can cause rare adverse effects, such as thrombosis, mostly seen in patients with polycythemia Vera. Other adverse effects include Hematoma at phlebotomy site. Usually hematoma is mild but in severe cases can cause damage in nerves and surrounding tissue. Haemoconcentration, extravasation, Syncope and Fainting, petechiae, Excessive Bleeding, edema, arterial puncture, pain and anemia are some of the adverse effects caused by therapeutic phlebotomy. Unsafe phlebotomy can expose patients and health workers to various infections like Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV); syphilis and malaria. Different countries have approved allogenic use of blood units obtained from therapeutic phlebotomy. Mostly blood collected from patients with hemochromatosis is permitted. The article also discusses criteria for initiating therapeutic phlebotomy and various regimen followed in different diseases.

We discuss an interesting case of a 67 years old female patient with an abdominal lump leading to a reporting dilemma among female genital tract lesions in which even though clinical acumen, radiological findings and gross examination of the resected specimen pointed towards a certain malignant provisional diagnosis, actually turned out to be a rare benign entity of Aggressive Angiomyxoma when seen under the microscope and proved on immunohistochemistry, pressing upon the importance of correlation of all the findings (clinical, radiological, gross and microscopy) while making a diagnosis. We also press upon the gravity of proper communication between the reporting pathologist and treating physician for the best possible patient management.

This study aimed at examining the effects of insecurity on farming activities, community member mobility, community development projects and extent to which insecurity promote disunity amongst members in Ibarapa North Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted field survey methods through social survey approach involving a descriptive survey design through structured questionnaire to sample the opinion of residents of Igangan, Tapa and Ayete on the effects of insecurity on their community and as well granted interviews to some affected victims. A population of 3000 residents’ consisting Igangan, Tapa and Ayete communities was targeted. However, random and proportionate-stratified sampling techniques were applied to select 1000 community residence. Two hypotheses consisting of three questions were formulated for this study. Hypotheses were tested to show if there is or no significant relationship between the effects of insecurity and the promotion of disunity among community members in the study areas. Responses to the questionnaire was analysed using Likert scale of Agreed (A), Strongly Agreed (SA), Disagreed (D), and Strongly Disagreed (SD) and the hypotheses was tested using Chi square statistical tools. The results from the study shows effects of insecurity are on faming activities, community people mobility; community development projects and greatly promotes disunity amongst the members of the community. Therefore, this study recommends that the Government, security agencies, local government chairpersons, political office holders, companies operating in these crimes prone areas and also engages stakeholders (i.e. the chiefs, youth leaders, and other community leaders) in town hall meetings and collectively come up with lasting solutions to the insecurity that is affecting their communities.