Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) was first described in 1964. It is a rare (approximately one in every 100,000 individuals) autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by the occurrence of several juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Juvenile polyp is a specific type of hamartomatous polyp. The term ‘juvenile’ refers to the polyp histology rather than the age of onset of the polyp. An isolated juvenile polyp is not diagnostic of JPS and occurs in approximately 2% of children and adolescents. Here we present a case of a 7 month old baby boy who presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain and on examination revealed RIF mass and tenderness. Clinically, the diagnosis of intussusception was suspected and confirmed on sonographic examination. Exploration of the abdomen revealed ileo-ileal intussusception. Further, Juvenile polyp was identified by the presence of cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium, filled with secretions, abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells on histopathological examination. The relevance of this case report lies on the fact that appearance of juvenile polyp in ileum is rare.

Esophageal leiomyoma is uncommon. It is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus accounting for 0.4% of esophageal neoplasms and approximately two-thirds of benign esophageal tumors. About 90% of them are reported to be solitary and intramural lesions, and multiple or diffuse lesions seem to be very rare. We report the observation of a 75 years old male patient who was evaluated for chronic epigastric pain, Physical examination findings were typically normal, the patient underwent upper GI endoscopy. In esophagus, many submucosal tumor covered with intact mucosa, varying between 5mm and 20mm in size and located in the middle and lower part of oesophagus were noted. The radial endoscopic ultrasonography showed multiple (>10 masses), homogenous hypoechoic masses with clear margins, originated from the submucosa layer with normal surrounding structures, located in the middle and lower part of the oesophagus, and their size was < 2 cm, these lesions are followed periodically as they have a slow growth rate and negligible risk of malignant transformation. Multiple esophageal leiomyomas seems to be very rare, EUS is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of the disease and for making treatment decisions.

This study descriptively explores the contribution of Central Bank cashless policy of point -of sale (POS) to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State using a survey dataset for a sample of three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents. In the analysis, the study used descriptive technique in form of mean and standard deviation. The study found that point-of-sale has contributed positively to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State. Based on the outcome, this study suggests that Central bank and deposit money banks should encourage the establishment of many point-of-sale locations in both urban and rural areas of the state with view to achieve and accelerate the target financial inclusion.

The purpose of this research is first to examine and find weaknesses in Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations in the Indonesian legal system. Second, to reconstruct Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations based on the value of justice. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solving research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by discovering the legal reality experienced in the field. The results of the research show that the weak factors consist of legal structure factors, legal substance factors, and legal culture factors. (1): Owners of agricultural land who live outside the sub-district where the land is located, within 6 months must transfer their land rights to another person in the sub-district where the land is located, if the remaining period is 6 months then the land will be transferred into assets village in the district. While the reconstruction of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 concerning Amendments and Supplements to Government Regulation Number 224 of 1961 concerning Implementation of Land Distribution and Granting of Losses Article 3d: Land in the sub-district where the land is located cannot be owned by someone outside the sub-district, so it is prohibited to transfer it for any reason.

A case of carpal tunnel syndrome was incidentally discovered during an occupational pathology consultation in a 51-year-old class teacher, with more than 24 years of service, presenting with tingling and tingling in the right hand and pain radiating to fingers and forearm. The use of chalk on the blackboard and the pen on paper constituted the professional causes found. The symptomatology was exacerbated after each working day, calmed down during weekends and holidays, and awoke to rare domestic work such as (washing linen, sifting flour, etc.). The patient, after numerous consultations in traumatology for joint pain in the wrist, was also followed by another doctor for arterial hypertension. The result of the first ultrasound was contradictory to the clinic, concluding with De Quervain's tendonitis. The CT scan of the wrist did not provide any evidence for the diagnosis. The requested electromyogram was not made available. The infiltration of corticosteroids helped to calm the pain and the associated signs.

Background: Due to the lack of gold standard techniques for adherence measurement, accurate measuring and monitoring of patient medication adherence is a problem that affects the entire world. Adoption of technology for medication adherence monitoring has received recent attention since it allows for the ongoing monitoring of patient behaviour with regard to medication adherence. However, there are differences in the technological characteristics and data collection techniques of the many medication adherence monitoring technologies currently in use, which affects how well they can be used and how well they can perform. Overall, there is a dearth of adequate standards to evaluate medication adherence monitoring technology for the best uptake and application. Objective: In order to encourage technology development and implementation, this study seeks to offer a narrative review of the available medication adherence monitoring systems.

Mental health issues among college students are a growing concern, with estimates of prevalence varying widely depending on the population studied and the criteria used to define mental health issues. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between mental health, academic performance, and self-social mental health recovery among college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among college students, and data were collected on mental health, academic performance, and self-social mental health recovery. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results showed that college students reported above- average levels of mental health and academic performance, with prevalence and severity of mental health issues and factors contributing to poor mental health also rated high. The study found a significant positive relationship between factors contributing to poor mental health and self-social mental health recovery, as well as between mental health and academic performance and self-social mental health recovery. However, no significant relationship was found between prevalence and severity of mental health issues and self-social mental health recovery. The findings suggest that addressing factors contributing to poor mental health and promoting mental health and academic performance may be key in improving self-social mental health recovery among college students. Future research is needed to explore these relationships further and to identify effective strategies for promoting mental health and well-being among college students.

Infertility is an important and growing health problem affecting nearly 15% of couples worldwide. It is estimated that male factors contribute to 20-70% of cases depending on the latitude. Male reproductive system is highly sensitive to many factors such as environmental, lifestyle as well as numerous physical and chemical factors which leads to infertility. In 40 to 50 % of cases, a semen analysis can rule out the cause of the infertility. Many drugs in the market are available but they might produce various side effects that cannot be ignored. Vajikarana is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are various herbal and herbomineral formulations that take place in Vajikarana chikitsa owing to their aphrodisiac property. Gokshuradi Churna is one of such versatile formulation that possesses Vajikarana properties and is used in male infertility. This formulation consists of five herbal ingredients i.e. Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Ikshura (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.), Mash (Phaseolus Mungo Linn.), Atmagupta (Mucuna prurita Hook.) & Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Wild.). It is a polyherbal formulation illustrated in the classical text of Ashtanga Hridaya. Many formulations are available in various texts under the same name Gokshuradi Churna with different contents and different Rogadhikara (indications). This article compiles probable mode of action and Spermatogenesis activity of each ingredient of Gokshuradi Churna.

Background: Worldwide, caesarean section (CS) is one of the most commonly performed obstetric procedures. Maternal mortality and morbidities associated with repeat caesarean section is an important health problem in global perspective that needs to be addressed. Objectives: To evaluate the complications of repeat caesarean section. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rangpur medical college hospital, Rangpur from July ’18 to June ‘20 after acceptance and ethical clearance of the protocol. During data collection total admitted patient were 2123 out of which 446 caesarean section was done among them 100 patients of my study population were selected by fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full explanation, informing the details of the purpose of the study informed written consent was obtained from the study subjects/ or her legal gardian. After Meticulous history taking thorough physical examination was done on every patient and available investigations according to the need of management was done in the hospital. Per operative and postoperative complications were noted. Information’s were collected in predesigned questionnaire and presented in tabulated form and that was finally was analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 23. Result: Total patient admitted during my data collection were 2123 and of them 446 caesarean sections were done and repeat caesarean sections were 100. The incidence of repeat caesarean section was 22.42%. 35% respondents were between >25-30 years of age. Average gestational age was >36 – 40 weeks. Emergency caesarean section was done in 79% cases and elective in 21% cases. 68% patients had adhesion, 38% had uterine atonicity, 26% had injury to the surrounding structure, placenta previa was found in 7% cases and morbid adhesion of placenta was found in 3% cases. Additional procedures like blood transfusion needed in 34% cases, adhesiolysis performed in 21% cases, ICU admission needed in 16% cases, caesarean hysterectomy performed in 11% cases and B-Lynch suture in 8% cases. Among the postoperative complications wound infection occurred in 20% cases, PPH in 13% cases, UTI in 9% cases, paralytic ileus in 4% cases and postpartum psychosis in 3% cases. Maternal mortality was found in only 3% cases. Conclusion: Repeat caesarean section is associated with increased number of intraoperative and postoperative complications like adhesion, placenta previa, morbid adherent placenta, PPH, wound infection thus increasing maternal morbidity. So, the best way to reduce these morbidity and mortality by reducing primary caesarean section rates by taking judicious decision and indications should be appropriate and C/S should be done by well-trained doctors and specialists in well-equipped centre.

Acromegaly is a condition caused by an excessive secretion of growth hormone due to a somatotropic pituitary adenoma, leading to an acquired dysmorphic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of medical treatment using Lanreotide LP 120 mg in 15 patients with acromegaly, who were followed up at the endocrinology department of Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat between 2017 and 2018. The quality of life of the patients after Lanreotide treatment was evaluated using the AcroQol questionnaire. 80% of the patients were found to have acrofacial dysmorphic syndrome, with the diagnosis based on clinical, biological, and radiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma in 86.7% of the cases. All patients were treated with medical treatment using Lanreotide LP 120mg. Fourteen patients underwent adenomectomy, with 4 of them receiving GammaKnife radiotherapy. During treatment, complications were observed in 80% of patients, with half of them related to vesicular lithiasis. The AcroQol scores obtained in the study were less satisfactory than expected, indicating a lower quality of life compared to the general population.

This study investigates the causes and challenges of at-risk children in Sokoto State using a survey dataset for a sample of four hundred and eighteen (418) respondents. In the analysis, this study used descriptive technique of data analysis inform of mean and the results suggest that poverty, drug and substance abuse, school dropout, child marriage and domestic violence and, child pregnancy and abortion are among the causes of at-risk children in Sokoto State. Additional causes of at-risk children based on the findings are illegal child adoption, child trafficking, street hawking by children, gender-based and sexual violence and, child rape and child labor. On the challenges of at-risk children this study revealed that lack of access to qualitative education, corruption and bad governance, exclusion of girl child in skills acquisition schemes and inadequate of clothing and shelter and poor nutrition among others are the challenges affecting them. To reduce the hardship and integrate at-risk children, this study suggests the need for the government and relevant stakeholders to give more priority to entrepreneurship development skills such as animal husbandry, cosmetology, welding and fabrication, leather works, foods and beverages, tailoring and fashion design, poultry production, carpentry works, computer and handsets repairs and aquaculture. Finally, to ensure effective integration of at-risk children, the government must work with community leaders, religious leaders, and women leaders to raise awareness and mobilize support for the most vulnerable populations.

Oversight of the case settlement process using a restorative justice approach and the implementation of the resulting agreement rests with the direct supervisor of the responsible official at each level of examination. As long as the restorative justice process takes place and after restorative justice is carried out, social counselors are required to provide guidance and supervision. If the restorative justice agreement is not carried out within the time specified in the agreement, the social adviser immediately reports to the responsible official. The approach method used in this study is the juridical-normative research method, which is a research method that examines secondary data (data that has been documented). The results of this study are (1) Weaknesses of restorative justice policies in cases of children as perpetrators of crimes are Weaknesses in Legal Substance is Article 7 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law which explains the implementation of diversion at the level of investigation, prosecution, and examination of child cases in District Court. The weakness of the legal structure is that law enforcement officials, especially the National Police, who are part of the criminal justice subsystem, are required to seek settlement of child cases as perpetrators of crimes through restorative justice. The weakness of the Legal Culture is the low level of public understanding in terms of understanding the investigation process through diversion, where often the parties (perpetrators and victims) ask for diversion even though the formal requirements for diversion are not fulfilled/the threat is more than 7 years and is a repetition of a crime. (3) Reconstruction of Article 140 (2) letter (a) by adding a termination of prosecution based on the concept of restorative justice.

Audit quality is a condition about an auditor finding and reporting misstatements in the accounting system. This study aims to analyze what factors affect audit quality both from literature studies and the results of distributing questionnaires to respondents. This research also involves interviews with the auditors and clients of public accountant representatives. This research is a qualitative study. Data collection through google with the garuda.kemdikbud.go.id website by limiting 100 sinta-accredited studies for the 2018-2023 period. The results showed different priorities between academics and respondents' opinions (55 people who are auditors and clients) on the variables that determine audit quality. In addition, interestingly in this study, the different factors were confirmed through interviews and found other variables for future research such as communication skills, time management, EI, SI and AI for further research. In future audit quality research, it is also necessary to conduct a pilot study before determining the variables because of the gap between academia and industry in seeing the problems that affect audit quality.

Ruellia brittoniana is a common wild ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family. The plant was claimed ethnically wound-healing properties, use as an antidote against snake bites and to cure bone fractures. However, these claims are not been validated. The present study deals with powder microscopy, fluorescence, and qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaves, stem, and root of this plant. The powdered microscopy showed the presence of both types of trichomes and spiral elements. The Fluorescence analysis under visible and ultra-violet light for leaves, stems and root powder treated with various chemical reagents revealed different patterns of fluorescence effect. The qualitative phytochemical study showed that the plant is rich in phytochemicals and possesses significant levels of Glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. The availability of these groups of Phyto- components indicates that the plant could prove an alternative remedy to cure asthma, fever, bronchitis, high blood pressure, eczema, and diabetes. Further, the GC-MS analysis revealed the 10 phytochemical compounds have significant medicinal potential. The major objective of this study is to endorse this plant as a step toward commercial drug developments after confirming and standardizing its microscopic features and fluorescence behavior to identify adulteration in market-available crude drug powder and screening for possible drug molecules.

This study aims to analyze and find the current implementation of post-nuptial marriage agreements, to analyze and find the legal standing of marriage agreements made after marriage to third parties (Post-Decision of the Constitutional Court Number. 69/PUU-XIII/2015), to find reconstruction the validity of the marriage agreement after marriage. This research is included in the socio-legal research tradition. Socio-legal research examines the application of legal principles or norms by using legal and social science approaches. Weaknesses in the implementation of the post-nuptial agreement at this time are the weakness in the absence of post-nuptial agreement arrangements, the weakness that there are opportunities for misuse of the situation by the parties in the post-wedding agreement; as well as the weakness in the form of a culture of society that only realizes the importance of the marriage agreement after the marriage takes place. The reconstruction carried out is to add Article 185A of the Civil Code which states that the provisions referred to in Article 155 to Article 185 also apply to marriage agreements made after and in marriage.