Acute osteomyelitis of the pelvis is unusual in children. Diagnosis and management are often delayed, resulting in increased morbidity. Our work aims to draw attention to this rare location by analyzing a 17-year-old patient, which will be further studied in a literature review.

Background: Preterm labor is one of the biggest health issues in the globe and is associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. A healthy pregnancy can turn into one that is at high risk for both the mother and the fetus in one of these clinical scenarios. Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the risk factor and maternal and perinatal outcome of patients presenting with preterm labor and to evaluate the preventable causes of preterm labour. Methods: A Case control study conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dhaka Medical College Hospital, during February 2010 to July 2010. Results: A total of 50 cases having preterm labour in between 28 - 36 weeks of gestation and 50 controls having 37-40 weeks pregnancy with lobour pain were screened and enrolled in the study. Several significant risk factors were associated with preterm labour and the following risk factors were identified. Low socio-economic class, rupture of membrane (OR = -2.45), previous history of abortion (OR = 2.25), Preterm delivery (OR -9.33), and Anaemia (OR = 8.31). Conclusions: As preterm labour is grave consequences for both the mother and the newborn of preterm labor should be aim and developing awareness of pregnant mother who are high risk for preterm labor.

This article has set out some of the major issues related to the composition of bilingual dictionaries, namely their functional aspect which helps determining the nature of the intended book, either reception-oriented or production oriented, depending on the type of audience to whom this work is to be presented. After that, the notion of equivalence started taking its position as being the central point of this paper. This latter was gradually reflected. That is to say that the analysis began with word class equivalence, and then it developed to deal with those consisting of two or more words (collocations), to arrive after that to those with longer lexical combinations through relying on different ideas and points of view by theorists descending from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds with different ideas and points of view. Most of them went even further to discuss its subtypes, as called by Heming Yong and Jing Peng, or its degrees as proposed by Monia Bayar 2007. This has led to another level of discussion, i.e. the criticism of some ideas that seemed illogical, especially that carried on zero equivalence, categorical correspondence and others. As I proceed, the discussion has moved to another level. That is of enquiring multiple methods and techniques used to provide naturally sound equivalents with respect to the disparities between languages.

This study descriptively explores the contribution of Central Bank cashless policy of point -of sale (POS) to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State using a survey dataset for a sample of three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents. In the analysis, the study used descriptive technique in form of mean and standard deviation. The study found that point-of-sale has contributed positively to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State. Based on the outcome, this study suggests that Central bank and deposit money banks should encourage the establishment of many point-of-sale locations in both urban and rural areas of the state with view to achieve and accelerate the target financial inclusion.

Esophageal leiomyoma is uncommon. It is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus accounting for 0.4% of esophageal neoplasms and approximately two-thirds of benign esophageal tumors. About 90% of them are reported to be solitary and intramural lesions, and multiple or diffuse lesions seem to be very rare. We report the observation of a 75 years old male patient who was evaluated for chronic epigastric pain, Physical examination findings were typically normal, the patient underwent upper GI endoscopy. In esophagus, many submucosal tumor covered with intact mucosa, varying between 5mm and 20mm in size and located in the middle and lower part of oesophagus were noted. The radial endoscopic ultrasonography showed multiple (>10 masses), homogenous hypoechoic masses with clear margins, originated from the submucosa layer with normal surrounding structures, located in the middle and lower part of the oesophagus, and their size was < 2 cm, these lesions are followed periodically as they have a slow growth rate and negligible risk of malignant transformation. Multiple esophageal leiomyomas seems to be very rare, EUS is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of the disease and for making treatment decisions.

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) was first described in 1964. It is a rare (approximately one in every 100,000 individuals) autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by the occurrence of several juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Juvenile polyp is a specific type of hamartomatous polyp. The term ‘juvenile’ refers to the polyp histology rather than the age of onset of the polyp. An isolated juvenile polyp is not diagnostic of JPS and occurs in approximately 2% of children and adolescents. Here we present a case of a 7 month old baby boy who presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain and on examination revealed RIF mass and tenderness. Clinically, the diagnosis of intussusception was suspected and confirmed on sonographic examination. Exploration of the abdomen revealed ileo-ileal intussusception. Further, Juvenile polyp was identified by the presence of cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium, filled with secretions, abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells on histopathological examination. The relevance of this case report lies on the fact that appearance of juvenile polyp in ileum is rare.

The purpose of this research is first to examine and find weaknesses in Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations in the Indonesian legal system. Second, to reconstruct Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations based on the value of justice. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solving research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by discovering the legal reality experienced in the field. The results of the research show that the weak factors consist of legal structure factors, legal substance factors, and legal culture factors. (1): Owners of agricultural land who live outside the sub-district where the land is located, within 6 months must transfer their land rights to another person in the sub-district where the land is located, if the remaining period is 6 months then the land will be transferred into assets village in the district. While the reconstruction of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 concerning Amendments and Supplements to Government Regulation Number 224 of 1961 concerning Implementation of Land Distribution and Granting of Losses Article 3d: Land in the sub-district where the land is located cannot be owned by someone outside the sub-district, so it is prohibited to transfer it for any reason.

This study investigates the causes and challenges of at-risk children in Sokoto State using a survey dataset for a sample of four hundred and eighteen (418) respondents. In the analysis, this study used descriptive technique of data analysis inform of mean and the results suggest that poverty, drug and substance abuse, school dropout, child marriage and domestic violence and, child pregnancy and abortion are among the causes of at-risk children in Sokoto State. Additional causes of at-risk children based on the findings are illegal child adoption, child trafficking, street hawking by children, gender-based and sexual violence and, child rape and child labor. On the challenges of at-risk children this study revealed that lack of access to qualitative education, corruption and bad governance, exclusion of girl child in skills acquisition schemes and inadequate of clothing and shelter and poor nutrition among others are the challenges affecting them. To reduce the hardship and integrate at-risk children, this study suggests the need for the government and relevant stakeholders to give more priority to entrepreneurship development skills such as animal husbandry, cosmetology, welding and fabrication, leather works, foods and beverages, tailoring and fashion design, poultry production, carpentry works, computer and handsets repairs and aquaculture. Finally, to ensure effective integration of at-risk children, the government must work with community leaders, religious leaders, and women leaders to raise awareness and mobilize support for the most vulnerable populations.

A case of carpal tunnel syndrome was incidentally discovered during an occupational pathology consultation in a 51-year-old class teacher, with more than 24 years of service, presenting with tingling and tingling in the right hand and pain radiating to fingers and forearm. The use of chalk on the blackboard and the pen on paper constituted the professional causes found. The symptomatology was exacerbated after each working day, calmed down during weekends and holidays, and awoke to rare domestic work such as (washing linen, sifting flour, etc.). The patient, after numerous consultations in traumatology for joint pain in the wrist, was also followed by another doctor for arterial hypertension. The result of the first ultrasound was contradictory to the clinic, concluding with De Quervain's tendonitis. The CT scan of the wrist did not provide any evidence for the diagnosis. The requested electromyogram was not made available. The infiltration of corticosteroids helped to calm the pain and the associated signs.

Mental health issues among college students are a growing concern, with estimates of prevalence varying widely depending on the population studied and the criteria used to define mental health issues. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between mental health, academic performance, and self-social mental health recovery among college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among college students, and data were collected on mental health, academic performance, and self-social mental health recovery. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results showed that college students reported above- average levels of mental health and academic performance, with prevalence and severity of mental health issues and factors contributing to poor mental health also rated high. The study found a significant positive relationship between factors contributing to poor mental health and self-social mental health recovery, as well as between mental health and academic performance and self-social mental health recovery. However, no significant relationship was found between prevalence and severity of mental health issues and self-social mental health recovery. The findings suggest that addressing factors contributing to poor mental health and promoting mental health and academic performance may be key in improving self-social mental health recovery among college students. Future research is needed to explore these relationships further and to identify effective strategies for promoting mental health and well-being among college students.

Background: Worldwide, caesarean section (CS) is one of the most commonly performed obstetric procedures. Maternal mortality and morbidities associated with repeat caesarean section is an important health problem in global perspective that needs to be addressed. Objectives: To evaluate the complications of repeat caesarean section. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rangpur medical college hospital, Rangpur from July ’18 to June ‘20 after acceptance and ethical clearance of the protocol. During data collection total admitted patient were 2123 out of which 446 caesarean section was done among them 100 patients of my study population were selected by fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full explanation, informing the details of the purpose of the study informed written consent was obtained from the study subjects/ or her legal gardian. After Meticulous history taking thorough physical examination was done on every patient and available investigations according to the need of management was done in the hospital. Per operative and postoperative complications were noted. Information’s were collected in predesigned questionnaire and presented in tabulated form and that was finally was analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 23. Result: Total patient admitted during my data collection were 2123 and of them 446 caesarean sections were done and repeat caesarean sections were 100. The incidence of repeat caesarean section was 22.42%. 35% respondents were between >25-30 years of age. Average gestational age was >36 – 40 weeks. Emergency caesarean section was done in 79% cases and elective in 21% cases. 68% patients had adhesion, 38% had uterine atonicity, 26% had injury to the surrounding structure, placenta previa was found in 7% cases and morbid adhesion of placenta was found in 3% cases. Additional procedures like blood transfusion needed in 34% cases, adhesiolysis performed in 21% cases, ICU admission needed in 16% cases, caesarean hysterectomy performed in 11% cases and B-Lynch suture in 8% cases. Among the postoperative complications wound infection occurred in 20% cases, PPH in 13% cases, UTI in 9% cases, paralytic ileus in 4% cases and postpartum psychosis in 3% cases. Maternal mortality was found in only 3% cases. Conclusion: Repeat caesarean section is associated with increased number of intraoperative and postoperative complications like adhesion, placenta previa, morbid adherent placenta, PPH, wound infection thus increasing maternal morbidity. So, the best way to reduce these morbidity and mortality by reducing primary caesarean section rates by taking judicious decision and indications should be appropriate and C/S should be done by well-trained doctors and specialists in well-equipped centre.

Background: Due to the lack of gold standard techniques for adherence measurement, accurate measuring and monitoring of patient medication adherence is a problem that affects the entire world. Adoption of technology for medication adherence monitoring has received recent attention since it allows for the ongoing monitoring of patient behaviour with regard to medication adherence. However, there are differences in the technological characteristics and data collection techniques of the many medication adherence monitoring technologies currently in use, which affects how well they can be used and how well they can perform. Overall, there is a dearth of adequate standards to evaluate medication adherence monitoring technology for the best uptake and application. Objective: In order to encourage technology development and implementation, this study seeks to offer a narrative review of the available medication adherence monitoring systems.

Infertility is an important and growing health problem affecting nearly 15% of couples worldwide. It is estimated that male factors contribute to 20-70% of cases depending on the latitude. Male reproductive system is highly sensitive to many factors such as environmental, lifestyle as well as numerous physical and chemical factors which leads to infertility. In 40 to 50 % of cases, a semen analysis can rule out the cause of the infertility. Many drugs in the market are available but they might produce various side effects that cannot be ignored. Vajikarana is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are various herbal and herbomineral formulations that take place in Vajikarana chikitsa owing to their aphrodisiac property. Gokshuradi Churna is one of such versatile formulation that possesses Vajikarana properties and is used in male infertility. This formulation consists of five herbal ingredients i.e. Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Ikshura (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.), Mash (Phaseolus Mungo Linn.), Atmagupta (Mucuna prurita Hook.) & Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Wild.). It is a polyherbal formulation illustrated in the classical text of Ashtanga Hridaya. Many formulations are available in various texts under the same name Gokshuradi Churna with different contents and different Rogadhikara (indications). This article compiles probable mode of action and Spermatogenesis activity of each ingredient of Gokshuradi Churna.

Acromegaly is a condition caused by an excessive secretion of growth hormone due to a somatotropic pituitary adenoma, leading to an acquired dysmorphic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of medical treatment using Lanreotide LP 120 mg in 15 patients with acromegaly, who were followed up at the endocrinology department of Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat between 2017 and 2018. The quality of life of the patients after Lanreotide treatment was evaluated using the AcroQol questionnaire. 80% of the patients were found to have acrofacial dysmorphic syndrome, with the diagnosis based on clinical, biological, and radiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma in 86.7% of the cases. All patients were treated with medical treatment using Lanreotide LP 120mg. Fourteen patients underwent adenomectomy, with 4 of them receiving GammaKnife radiotherapy. During treatment, complications were observed in 80% of patients, with half of them related to vesicular lithiasis. The AcroQol scores obtained in the study were less satisfactory than expected, indicating a lower quality of life compared to the general population.

It is important for nurses to consistently enhance their knowledge and abilities, which can be achieved through participating in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs. The objective of this research is to implement a CPD program at PHCCs that will maintain the standard of nursing services. This will be accomplished through a training needs evaluation that was conducted in 2021. Methods: The research conducted was a secondary quantitative study known as a "desk study". The data used for this study was collected in 2021 from Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, specifically from the Riyadh First Health Cluster. The participants were recruited from these health centers and were all nurses. The study interviewed a convenient sample of 700 nurses and managed to get a response rate of 82.4%. Results: According to the study, a significant number of nurses (84.8%) held a Diploma of Science in Nursing, indicating that the study participants recognized the advantages of attending continuing nursing education. The nursing staff prioritized learning essential concepts and principles for performing nursing procedures and improving their advanced nursing skills. Although the majority of the sample had a Diploma degree, most of the respondents expressed a desire for professional development in leadership and management knowledge and skills. Conclusion: It is important to establish a continuing education program that is tailored to meet the professional requirements of nurses working in primary health care centers. The design of such a program should consider the challenges that inhibit nurses' participation in continuing professional development (CPD) and develop effective strategies and frameworks to enhance their involvement in community health.