Introduction: Cellulose consists of β-(1 → 4)-linked glucose units arranged in a ribbon-type conformation in a zigzag pattern. Parallel chains fit closely to each other and associate with multiple hydrogen bonds to give rise to long fibers, which are totally insoluble in water and relatively inert. Although subject to some swelling in water, cellulose is entirely unaffected by boiling in water. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the potential for breaking down the pollen wall of honey-collected pollen using acid with pH of stomach acid, and to determine whether the honey-making process by bees is necessary for human consumption of the amino acid content present in pollen. Materials and Methods: Natural litchi flower honey was collected from Litchi Garden of Doctor Honey, Health & Harvest Dinajpur, Bangladesh in March 2021. 1 ml natural raw honey of litchi flower was diluted with 5 ml distilled water in a conical test tube. (Falcon). This was centrifuged in a swing-out rotor centrifuge (Labofuge, Germany) at a speed of 900 rpm for 10 minutes. The pollens made a pellet at the bottom of the tube. A sample from the pellet was taken on a glass slide and checked under the light microscope (optima) to ensure the presence of pollen. Citric acid was also added to the pollen. Results: Many of the pollen’s walls were found broken within one hour. It is visible that the contents of the pollen sacs are oozing out. One or two broken pollen was found in each 100 of the sample before adding acid whereas many were broken after adding acid. Conclusion: Honey-collected pollen's wall can be broken down using stomach acid, emphasizing the importance of the honey-making process for accessing amino acids, while preserving pollen in honey is crucial for maximizing nutritional benefits.

Fortified moringa salt was a form of food salt. Moringa has contains 46 healthy antioxidant compounds. These antioxidant compounds can neutralize free radicals that damage cells in the body. The addition of Moringa in salt expected to be one source of antioxidants so that salt does not only have NaCl content. The study aims to identify antioxidant activity in moringa fortification salts during storage. Packaging of Fortified moringa salt was aluminum foil and PET plastic bottles. The salt analysis of antioxidant content in 0 days, 10 days, 20 days and 30 days of storage. The temperature and packaging difference had significantly affected the antioxidant activity of the moringa fortification salts, but material packaging significant effect the antioxidant activity. On the 30th day of observation, the IC50 decreased from 27,766 ppm to 46,713 ppm in aluminum foil packaging at a temperature of 27oC. The storage temperature from 27,766 ppm to 34,086 ppm is likewise 45oC. Unlike fortified moringa salt with plastic bottle packaging, the antioxidant activity increased at a storage temperature of 45oC from 27,766 ppm to 10,194 ppm. The antioxidant content in moringa fortified salt included in the extreme antioxidant strength band, with a value below 50 ppm.

This paper is a discourse on how the works and lifestyles of Nigerian celebrities act as drivers of crimes amongst the country’s youth and young people. It shows the trends of crime in the country before and in the era of the new media, bringing to the fore emerging dimensions that are rarely reported explicitly in extant literature. Data for the study were obtained through secondary sources and analyzed through content analysis based on Bibb Latané’s (1981) social impact theory. The findings suggest that: (i) while leadership examples and weak institutions are at the roots of crimes in the country, (ii) the messages (directly and impliedly) communicated in the works of celebrities and their lifestyles act as the drivers amongst the youth and young people, (iii) the failure of relevant institutions to regulate the lifestyles of celebrities and their works promotes the tendency to get rich quick and by all means amongst the youth and young people. It recommends the regulation of the works and lifestyles of Nigerian celebrities by relevant institutions.

Employees in most service sector organizations utilizes diverse aspects of their intangible human assets. However, emotional labour is one of such invisible human assets often utilized by employees at the workplace. Like other aspects of organizations’ resources, emotions in service oriented field of human endeavor is seen as a product, yet, in most developing and underdeveloped economies, most employers and organizations often give little or no attention to its existence. Thus, this study examines the value of emotional labour in Nigeria public sectors. From the review of related literatures, the study established that the attention given and the value placed on emotional labour in the Nigerian public service organizations (especially, the police force, public schools and the healthcare services) is inadequate, as it is not fairly compensated as well as untrained and undeveloped, in spite of the enormous contributions made by employees in these institutions to the development and sustenance of the nation’s economy. Thus, the need for organizations (especially service oriented public enterprises) in Nigeria, to give adequate attention to emotional labor in order to optimize its use in achieving effective service delivery.

Introduction: The incidence of Invasive Fungal Infection has increased, and it constitutes a serious threat to human health and life, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antifungal agents along with their risk factors and sensitivity pattern. Methods: It is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, which includes details of patients prescribed with systemic antifungal agents during a period of five years (01-06-2016 to 31-05-2021). Collected details were compared with Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines and mycological results to determine the overall appropriateness. Results: A total of 102 patients prescribed with systemic antifungals were selected for the study. The majority of the drugs were prescribed as Definitive (59.19%) and T Fluconazole (39.4%) was the most common drug given. The most common indication for antifungal prescriptions was found to be Respiratory tract infection. Appropriateness of antifungal use was assessed on indication, dosage, contraindication, and drug-drug interaction. Overall assessment of antifungal agents and treatment strategy demonstrated that antifungal treatment was appropriate in 41.6% cases, debatable in 36% cases and inappropriate in 22.4% of cases. The most common culture specimen collected was urine and Candida tropicalis (42.86%) was the frequently separated organism from it. Sepsis (21.4%) was the most common risk factor associated with invasive fungal infection. Conclusion: By implementing an effective antifungal stewardship program, we could improve the rational use of systemic antifungals and thereby prevent the future resistance and improve clinical outcome.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the root canal morphology of the primary maxillary right first and second molars using CBCT according to Vertucci & New root canal classification system given by Ahmed HMA et al., Method: 60 Patients aged 3-9 years were taken in the study. The CBCT of maxillary right quadrants of study subjects were taken at imaging centre and evaluated on CBCT scans according to Vertucci & Ahmed HMA et al.,’s classification both. Result: The most common canal configuration for right primary maxillary 1st and 2nd molar was Vertucci Type I except mesio-buccal canal in right maxillary second molar was Vertucci Type IV. Conclusion: As deciduous molar teeth exhibit thin torturous canals and ribbon like roots a thorough knowledge of the root canals can improve the outcome of pulp treatment in pediatric patients.

Water Pipeline systems are critical infrastructure for the delivery of safe and reliable water to communities. However, these systems are vulnerable to leaks, bursts, and other failures that can lead to water loss, property damage, and disruptions in service. One key factor in the health and longevity of water pipeline systems is the maintenance of proper pressure levels. Monitoring pressure in water pipelines is essential for ensuring that the system is functioning properly, and for identifying potential issues before they become major problems. The development of IoT technology has opened new possibilities for monitoring water pipeline pressure. IoT devices can be designed to collect and transmit pressure data wirelessly, eliminating the need for manual data collection and allowing for real-time monitoring and early warning systems. This study aims to develop an IoT monitoring device for pressure rate profiling in water pipeline systems. The device utilized pressure sensor and GSM module to collect and transmit pressure data in real-time to a cloud-based data management system. Through laboratory experimentation, the developed monitoring system in this study was able to both detect and localize leakages with the possibility of monitoring the leakage over a mobile application. The device also exhibits an average pressure variation of 7.7 KPA which indicates a high consistency.

In today's fast-paced corporate landscape, characterized by ever-increasing expectations for productivity and performance, work-related stress has emerged as a pressing concern, particularly among C-level executives. Recognizing the pivotal role that top-tier leadership plays in shaping organizational culture and fostering a healthy work environment, addressing this issue has become of paramount importance. This report aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on this critical matter, shedding light on the outcomes of a survey conducted among 150 C-level executives hailing from various organizations. The primary objective of this survey was to gain valuable insights into the far-reaching effects of work-related stress on employee productivity, while also evaluating the effectiveness of organizations in managing and alleviating this prevalent challenge. Within the pages of this report, we delve into the world of C-suite executives, seeking to unearth their perspectives on work-related stress, its profound impact on workforce productivity, and the innovative strategies they employ to navigate this intricate and sensitive issue within their respective organizations. Furthermore, the survey takes a closer look at the pivotal role that leadership plays in addressing employee well-being and productivity. It also examines the influence of communication channels and cutting-edge technology in shaping the future of work and fostering an environment where employee well-being and organizational success coexist harmoniously.

Objective: To investigate the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent hepatectomy in the first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and underwent CECT and CEUS before surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The gold standard was postoperative pathological examination results. Results: A total of 554 patients were included, and 650 lesions were found. The sensitivity and coincidence rate of CECT and CEUS for lesions were more than 94% and 83%, respectively. 14 lesions with diameter less than 2cm which were detected by CUES were not detected by CT and 26 such lesions which were detected by CT were not detected by CUES. Conclusion: CUES and CECT have similar high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for HCC. Combined CT and CUES detection could find more small lesions in the liver.

As synonyms account for more than 60% of English vocabulary, improving the ability to distinguish synonyms will help speakers produce language in a more precise and efficient manner. This paper adopts a corpus-based approach to explore the usage of synonymous words in terms of language register, collocates and semantic prosody, exploring how these synonyms are used by native speakers and hoping to offer some guidance to English learners and translators.

Agile methodology, a dynamic approach originally derived from software development, has rapidly gained substantial traction across a diverse range of industries due to its unparalleled adaptability, iterative nature, and customer-centric ethos. In the intricate and rapidly evolving landscape of the healthcare sector, where optimal patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and stringent regulatory compliance stand as imperatives, the thoughtful application of Agile principles emerges as a transformative catalyst for reshaping medical practices. This comprehensive review delves deeply into the nuanced underpinnings of Agile methodology in healthcare, exploring its manifold benefits, intricate challenges, successful case studies of implementation, and the boundless horizon of future prospects it holds.

The regulation of the mechanism for settling minor or simple lawsuits is done through conciliation efforts in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 has regulated that Judges must play an active role in seeking to settle cases peacefully but do not regulate the form of conciliation efforts and there is an overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a mediator who has not achieved justice for the parties. The aim of the research is to analyze the weaknesses of conciliation efforts in resolving simple tort cases in Indonesia currently and to reconstruct peace efforts in resolving simple tort cases based on fairness values using a constructivist paradigm with empirical research and a socio-legal approach. Analysis of research data in a qualitative descriptive manner where the location of the research was the Batang District Court and the Pasuruan District Court. The results of the research show that the Weaknesses in conciliation efforts in resolving simple lawsuits are that the form of conciliation is not regulated and the overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a facilitator/mediator. Therefore a legal Reconstruction is needed in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 where Judges are no longer required to play an active role but Judges seek peace through negotiations and oblige the parties to negotiate during the first trial and report the results to the examining Judge of the case to realize justice for the parties.

The aim of this research is to analyze and reconstruct the regulations on the role of Notaries in making will deeds without appointing an heir of the will in the midst of a pluralistic inheritance system in Indonesia using a constructivism paradigm, through direct interviews with informants empirically supported with studies literature through theoretical steps. Research Result shows that the weakness started from the kinship system in marriage in Indonesia which is the parental or bilateral kinship system where a child legally inherits from his father's and mother's lineage, the matrilineal system where a child legally inherits from his mother's lineage only, the kinship system patrilineal where a child legally inherits from his father's lineage only. This causes some residents to adhere to other laws such as Islamic inheritance law, and to some, the various customary law. Therefore It is not uncommon for there to be contradictions in inheritance law, especially between inheritance through a will and the inheritance system adopted by the heir. Therefore the legal reconstruction due to the pluralism of inheritance law in Indonesia is in the form where the procedures for making wills for each population group must be added to article 16 number (1) letters i and j of the Notary Position Law. based on the value of justice for both heirs, notaries, and parties related to wills, this should be done through harmonization of the legal system between population groups in Indonesia so as to provide beneficial values for heirs, heirs, and society in general.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders affecting the reproductive age group and is thought to be one of the leading cause of female infertility. Many patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) also have features of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Vitamin D affects insulin and glucose metabolism, and a low vitamin D status maybe a risk factor for PCOS. Aim: To determine vitamin D status among the obese adolescent with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and to compare the vitamin D level among obese and nonobese adolescent with PCOS. Methods: This cross sectional study was done at the out-patient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during November 2017 to October 2018 but the patients enrollment was started after 16 July 2018. The study comprises of 80 adolescent girls diagnosed as PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, in the age range of 9 to 18 years, out of which 50 obese adolescent girls was considered as group I and 30 non obese adolescent girls was considered as group II. The biochemical parameters measured in the study includes fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin level and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level. Serum 25 (OH) D level less than 20 ng/ml was classified as vitamin D deficiency. Results: In this study it was observed that maximum patients were vitamin D deficient in both groups. In group I, 76% and in group II, 60% were vitamin D deficient. Again in group I, 14% and 33.3% in group II were vitamin D insufficient. Only 10% in group I and 6.7% in group II were found to have sufficient level of vitamin D. The mean Vitamin D was found 18.25±5.51 ng/ml in group I and 19.66±5.21 ng/ml in group II. The mean difference of vitamin D level between two groups was statistically not significant. There is a negative significant correlation between vitamin D and BMI which indicates level of vitamin D decreases with increase of BMI of the participants. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was predominant in both groups. Though the difference of vitamin D level was not significant between two groups but the mean level of vitamin D is lower in group I than in group II. There is a negative significant correlation between vitamin D and BMI which indicates that higher BMI levels were associated with lower vitamin D levels.

Introduction: Recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss is the most common negative outcome of pregnancy and identification of modifiable risk factors is potentially of great importance for public health. The immunological factors may play a role in failure of pregnancy in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. The role of this vitamin D has also been proved in the immune system. Aim of the Study: This study aim to determine serum vitamin D status among women with recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss and to compare the vitamin D level among them with healthy pregnant women. Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was done at the out patient department of obstetrics and Gynecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during September 2018 to August 2019. The study comprises of 70 women carrying singleton fetus, gestational age between 8 to 12 weeks, in the age range of 18 to 35 years. The respondents were divided into two groups, 35 pregnant women in their early pregnancy loss with previous history of two or more early spontaneous pregnancy loss were considered as group I and 35 women in their early live pregnancy with previous history of one or more successful pregnancy and no history of any pregnancy loss were considered as group II. Fasting serum vitamin D level was measure by CMIA. Results: This study found that most the respondents were vitamin D deficient in both groups. In group I 17(48.6%) and in group II 10(28.6%) were vitamin D severe deficient. Again in group I 18(51.4%) and 24(68.6%) in group II were vitamin D deficient. The mean vitamin D level was 9.90±2.28 ng/ml in group I and 11.43±3.96 ng/ml in group II. The differences was statistically not significant (P>0.05) between two groups. There is a negative correlation (r-0.235; p 0.175) between serum vitamin D level and number of pregnancy loss. Which indicate increase number of pregnancy loss associated with decrease level of vitamin D. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficient in both groups, however the vitamin D level was comparatively low in women with recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss but the differences was not significant between two groups.