The government's strategic plan in the health sector is contained in the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020 to 2024, in the RPJMN there is a form of policy formulation in the health sector that focuses on various preventive efforts to control disease cases that occur in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to reveal (to explore) the fact that there have been deviations from the Health Policy on Determining BPJS Rates at Different Types of Hospitals. The approach method in this study uses a socio-legal approach method. Namely data obtained from qualitative. Processing this research data with primary data. The results of this research providing conclusion and advice that developing social security for all people has not been based on the value of social justice. This clearly can be found in the implementation of BPJS which still distinguishes tariff classes and affects services based on social justice values, BPJS service barriers in the application of tariffs to hospitals of different types for now, namely legal factors, society, culture, etc, and quality control efforts and make efforts to control costs in the application of BPJS tariffs based on the value of justice and the Making Institution (DPR and the President) must make rule breaking changes to medical regulations, regarding hospitals, and BPJS, the government must dare to emphasize that BPJS is obliged to carry out government functions in the field of public services, and the government must carry out Reclassification of coding and the establishment of standard services for interventional and invasive cardiac procedures between PERKI and P2JK (Center for Health Insurance and Financing) of the Ministry of Health.

Balanites aegyptiaca, particularly its fruit, is often used as food and in traditional medicine and herbalists throughout Africa and Asia for the treatment of many ailments. The fruit kernel has a high concentration of oil and minerals. This study aims to examine fatty acids in the oil and minerals in the fruit kernel. The Samples are collected from the Heglig forest in west Sudan for the first time, and prepared for analysis using solvent extraction and acid digestion methods. The fatty acids content is identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) as well and minerals are detected by adopting inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The oil contained 41.66% unsaturated fatty acids 58.33% saturated fatty acids and a variety of minerals, the highest amount belonged to Sulfur (6.9 ppm), phosphorous (2.2 ppm), and iodine (2 ppm). GC-MS analysis observed 12 different proportions of fatty acid, Linoleic acid, Stearic acid, and Oleic acid have a peak.

The aim of the research is to attempt to analyze the form of production sharing agreement for agricultural land which is encumbered with liens which is widely applied by agricultural communities so that a model of production sharing agreement can be identified that is in accordance with the characteristics of agricultural communities in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research type with an empirical normative approach and using secondary data. The research results show that the form of agricultural land production sharing agreement which is burdened with liens which is widely applied by the agricultural community of Southeast Sulawesi is mostly done orally between the parties based on customary law. Understanding of agreements made following the traditions, beliefs and customs of the local community which include the use of agricultural or cultivated land, distribution of results, time and duration of the agreement, obligations and responsibilities of the parties, dispute resolution, and protection of honor and customs. The ideal form of an agricultural land production sharing agreement which is encumbered with a lien is to protect the interests of the parties, the form of the agreement should be in writing before and ratified by an authorized official and the contents of the agreement should include a mechanism for sharing the results or profits from the agricultural business, the time period includes the period during which the agricultural business will take place. and production sharing agreement, payment of profit sharing, responsibility of the parties, settlement if one party does not fulfill its obligations, and termination of the agreement.

Preoperative rehabilitation, sometimes known as 'prehabilitation', is a contemporary method aimed at maximizing patient well-being before surgery to minimize surgical risks and enhance postoperative results. Prehabilitation therapies, which were traditionally limited to enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and reducing patient weight, can now encompass all aspects of patient health, including the biopsychosocial domains. These interventions have been adopted by surgical units globally in diverse ways. In general, prehabilitation therapies offer prospective advantages such as enhanced patient physical condition, less anxiety, improved outcomes (including shorter hospital stays and fewer complication rates), and increased patient involvement before surgery. Nevertheless, they can also be linked to potential disadvantages such as the need for a significant amount of time, expenses, physical restrictions, delays in surgical procedures, especially for individuals with cancer, and a lack of definitive proof proving the benefits for patients. Prehabilitation involves proactive measures aimed at conditioning the body in anticipation of an impending injury or trauma. This phrase refers to the preoperative activities that aim to prepare a patient for surgery and facilitate their rapid recovery and restoration of physical fitness after the procedure.

This paper defines contemporary American literature with specific references to Louise Gluck’s The Seven Ages. Although a handful of studies have been done on the subject yet, a satisfactory definition of contemporary American Literature has remained a task. The reason for this challenge is tied to the diverse lenses with which scholars have examined the subject matter with special attention to issues of language composition, authorship, setting, culture, characterization, and geographical experiences. More so, separating contemporary American literature from other American literary periods, especially modernism. The significance of this present paper is hinged on the fact that it has demonstrated sparkling differences between contemporary American literature and other epochs, with glaring shreds of evidence from Gluck’s collection. The essay identified, transformation, experimentation, coming of age, technology, cyber literature, history and memory, intertextuality, identity, literature of voice, family and beauty, spirit, nature, and wit as major themes that dominate contemporary American literature. Also, the literature of self, isolation, disillusionment, and the world as characteristics that characterize contemporary American literature. In terms of style, the work examined monologue, free versification, and simplified diction as core literary patterns. The qualitative research method was adopted, while historical criticism was applied for analysis. Findings show that contemporary American literature is different from other periods in American literature, even though, it shares proximity with modern American literature. In the same vein, not all literature weaved in the 1950s belongs to this period, but those produced in the last twenty-two years between (2000-2022). The submission of this study is that further studies be done on the area of defining the nature and characteristics of contemporary American literature, using texts weaved in the last twenty-two years.

E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes or vape pens, have become increasingly popular in recent years as an alternative to traditional tobacco products. However, there is growing concern about the potential impact of e-cigarettes on oral and dental health. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the topic and to highlight the potential risks associated with e-cigarette use. One of the main concerns surrounding e-cigarettes is the potential for oral and dental health problems. E-cigarettes contain a liquid solution that is heated and inhaled as a vapor, and this vapor can contain a variety of chemicals and toxins. Some of these chemicals have been found to have adverse effects on oral health, including inflammation of the gums, dry mouth, and an increased risk of cavities. Additionally, the act of vaping itself can lead to oral health issues, as the repetitive motion of inhaling and exhaling can cause irritation to the mouth and throat. Furthermore, the nicotine content in e-cigarettes can also have negative effects on oral and dental health. Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor, meaning it restricts blood flow, which can lead to a decrease in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the gums and other oral tissues. This can result in a higher risk of gum disease and delayed healing after oral surgery or dental procedures. In addition, nicotine has been shown to contribute to the development of oral cancer, as well as other oral health issues such as tooth decay and tooth loss. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of e-cigarettes on oral and dental health, but in the meantime, it is crucial for individuals to take steps to protect their oral health and to be aware of the potential risks associated with e-cigarette use.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of doubled haploid maize hybrids under normal and drought condition. Fifteen doubled haploid maize hybrids were sown in Research Area of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad by using Randomized Complete Block Design during spring 2019. The experimental area was divided into two blocks. Both blocks contain two replications of 15 hybrids. One out of these two blocks was treated with normal irrigations and second block was treated with drought. Data was recorded for various growth and yield related traits. To estimate the performance of doubled haploid maize hybrids under normal and drought conditions the recorded data was subjected to ANOVA by using the STATISTIX 8.1 software. LSD mean comparison test at 0.05% level of significance for hybrids and hybrids × treatment interaction was also calculated. Analysis of variance showed the significant difference among all the hybrids and also in hybrid × treatment interaction. Hybrids DH-26S × 3B and DH-100A × 21 showed maximum 100 grain weight (31.9g) under drought condition. Hybrid DH-100A × 21 showed maximum biomass (278.9g) under drought condition. Genetic advancement and heritability percentage were also calculated for all parameter and listed in the tables. The results showed that maximum genetic advancement was found in biomass; (56), (47) respectively under normal and drought condition.

Background: Maintaining good oral hygiene with orthodontic appliances can be challenging, leading to plaque accumulation and complications. Traditional oral hygiene tools have limitations, and water flossers have been proposed as an effective solution. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of water flossers in orthodontic treatment by analyzing relevant studies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria included observational studies reporting data on the benefits of water flossers in orthodontic treatment, focusing on outcomes such as plaque formation, gingival inflammation, and periodontal diseases. Exclusion criteria included non-observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, studies in languages other than English, and studies published before 1990. Study selection and screening were performed based on relevance and eligibility. Results: The initial search yielded 740 papers, which were narrowed down through screening and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, nine comparative studies were included in the review. The included studies encompassed multiple designs and sample sizes. Data extraction included information on the study year, study design, sample size, outcome assessed, intervention details (type of water flosser used, treatment duration), and conclusions related to the effectiveness of water flossers in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The review suggests that water flossers can be a valuable addition to the oral hygiene routine of orthodontic patients. The studies reviewed demonstrated the effectiveness of water flossers in plaque control, reducing gingival inflammation, and minimizing bleeding compared to traditional tools like interdental brushes and string floss. However, the evidence base is still limited, and further research is needed to strengthen the findings and explore the long-term effects of water flosser use in orthodontic treatment.

Snakebites are a serious public health problem in many regions of the world, particularly in rural areas lacking medical facilities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 81,000–138,000 people die each year from snakebites worldwide. Venomous snakebite and its effects are a source of fear for people living in southern Nepal. As a result, people have developed a negative attitude towards snakes, which can lead to human-snake conflicts that result in killing of snakes. About 48 People from different walks of life which includes farmers, teachers, businessmen, students and others were interviewed regarding their perception about snakes. The study reveals that 46/ respondents feared from snakes, 33/ respondents dislike snakes and 25/ like to kill all the snakes particularly venomous snakes.

To advance the development of Chinese women's pole vaulting technique, three-dimensional photogrammetry and video analysis methods were utilized to conduct kinematic analysis on the technique employed by Ren Mengqian, an outstanding female pole vaulter in China, during the 2019 National Indoor Track and Field Championships finals from an energy transfer perspective. The findings indicate that during the energy acquisition stage, Ren Mengqian executed a reasonable jumping action with appropriate jumping angle and timing that met technical requirements. However, during the energy storage stage, her bow rod had suboptimal effects in her fourth trial jump while insufficient bending of the rod occurred in her fifth trial jump which affected pole energy storage. In terms of energy release stage, Ren Mengqian maximized elastic potential energy through stretching but required acceleration for maximum vertical speed.

The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture has led to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems, adversely affecting non-target organisms such as freshwater fish. This study investigates the behavioral responses of the freshwater fish Channa punctatus to sub-lethal concentrations of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, fenvalerate. The results reveal significant alterations in swimming behavior, respiratory patterns, feeding activity, and overall responsiveness, indicating neurotoxic and physiological stress. These behavioral changes may impair the survival and ecological fitness of the species, emphasizing the need for stringent regulation of pesticide usage.

The expansion of the operational scope of a business informs the need to exercise diligence and sensitivity to the nature and demands of the operational contexts both local and international. Hence, the investigation into the influence of contextual intelligence on strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in the south-south region of Nigeria with foci on Rivers and Akwa Ibom States. Quantitative and correlational design was adopted. Four (4) telecommunication companies viz: MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9Mobile selected based on their subscribers’ base and market share standing out of nine (9) major ones listed in the methodology constituted the population. Sixty nine (69) copies of the questionnaire accounting for 93% response rate were fully completed and used in the study out of seventy four (74) copies administered to senior staff and above obtained using Taro Yamene’s sample size determination technique from a population of ninety (90) respondents. Primary data were obtained from questionnaire. The findings showed that the four (4) hypotheses formulated around the dimensions of contextual intelligence comprising tacit-based knowledge, synchronicity and time orientations have significant influences on measures of strategic leadership made up of strategic direction and balanced organisational controls. The conclusion showed that contextual intelligence significantly influences strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States of the South-South region of Nigeria. The managements of telecommunication companies in these two States of South-South region of Nigeria were recommended to leverage contextual intelligence to better and enhance strategic leadership in their respective operational contexts.

A case of an unusually huge peripheral ossifying fibroma located on the right upper alveolar process is referred. The evaluation and management of the patient is thoroughly presented. The importance of our case is based on the fact of the extension of the lesion as well as the age of the patient. The relative literature is reviewed.

In this review we explain the role of nurses in improving healthcare in hospitals and how the interest of nurse education make different in increasing patient safety especially in ICU and in cases of thrombosis, stroke and all dangerous cases need to speed and skill. The role of nurses is as important as the role of doctor as they cable of diagnoses and this role not limited to doctors. The searches have proven that the quality care and patient safety has been highly improved after the nurse education in all over the world. Nursing students need to be taught how to ensure and improve patient safety since nurses play a critical role in enhancing patient safety. Many nursing students contest their competency in patient safety issues, despite the fact that educators have long recognized that undergraduate education is crucial in providing nurses with the patient safety competencies required to practice. Among hospital workers, nurses make up the largest single component. The planning stage of the educational program is where to start when deciding which outcomes to assess. To design a worthwhile educational activity, educators need to be able to precisely pinpoint students' knowledge or skill deficiencies. The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), which is "a comprehensive, standardized classification of patient outcomes developed to evaluate the effects of interventions provided by nurses and other healthcare professionals," can be consulted by nurse educators since education is built upon foundations.

Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco, Campanulaceae) is an herbal remedy for many respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and cough. The main objective of the current review is to document the potential use of L. inflata as respiratory stimulant in patients suffering from Covid-19 infection. Native Americans smoked the plant as a treatment for asthma and today, lobelia is sometimes suggested to help clear mucus from the respiratory tract, including the throat, lungs, and bronchial tubes. Although few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of lobelia, some herbalists use lobelia as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for asthma. In the 19th century, American physicians prescribed the herb to induce vomiting in order remove toxins from the body. However, because of its properties as a respiratory stimulant and expectorant, the plant should be used at the correct dose and together with herbs that are soothing to the throat and lungs, and it is often used in a synergistic herbal formula that includes L. inflata herb and seed, Zingiber officinale, and Hyssopus officinalis. The study species should not be used as a substitute for drug therapy during an asthma attack and its use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Lobelia inflata has no known adverse drug interactions and it is therefore a promising complementary therapy for the management of respiratory disorders, in particular in light of the recent increase in the prevalence of respiratory diseases associated with Covid-19. In conclusions, data of the current study has proven the possibility of using the plant in treating the respiratory disorders resulting from infection with Covid-19.