Introduction: The osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur have significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accurate measurements are crucial for the design of femoral components in TKA, which can influence surgical outcomes. This study aims to determine the measurements of different variables of the lower end of the femur, including femoral condylar width, intercondylar width and depth, and the depth of the medial and lateral condyles, in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 dried femurs collected from three medical colleges in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Measurements were obtained using digital sliding calipers and were rounded to two decimal places. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Result: Statistical analysis revealed that 56% of the femurs were right-sided and 44% were left-sided. The mean femoral bicondylar width was 69.78 ± 5.38 mm, falling mostly in the "Above Average" range (30%). The mean intercondylar width was 23.77 ± 1.55 mm, with 50% falling in the "Medium" range. Other variables like femur medial condylar width had a mean of 31.05 ± 1.74 mm. Conclusion: Observationally, the study successfully delineates the osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur in a Bangladeshi cohort. The statistical results not only fulfill the study's initial aim but also provide a nuanced understanding of the osteometric variations. These findings are instrumental for clinicians in the design and customization of femoral components in TKA, thereby potentially enhancing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. The data also lay the groundwork for future research in this area.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA, approximately 18-23 nucleotides that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of complementary mRNAs. MiRNAs have been found to play a critical role in a broad spectrum of biological processes, such as developmental timing, cell death, cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, and nervous system patterning. Here, we aimed to investigate the possible upregulation of miR-141 in cervical cancer cells and to confirm the influential role of miR-141 in cervical cancer cell proliferation. The level of miR-141 in HeLa cells has been assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell morphology and a number of living HeLa cells were achieved upon transfection with either precursor miR-141 (pre-miR-141) or a specific inhibitor. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production were monitored to assess the potential toxic effect of miR-141 in cancer cells. ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced cytokines from transfected HeLa cells. Notably, the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HeLa cells compared to the normal cervical HCK1T cell line. Transfection of HeLa cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a potent effect on cancer cell viability, unlike the transfection of pre-miR-141. HeLa cells transfected with pre-miR-141 showed decreased levels of interleukin 13 (IL-13). Meanwhile, the transfection of miR-141 specific inhibitor showed an increasing level of produced IL-10 and a decreasing level of IL-10, indicating the role of miR-141 in avoiding programmed cell death in HeLa cells. Together, these data uncover the role of miR-141 in supporting cervical cancer progression and provide miR-141 as a believable therapeutic target.

This study investigates the impact of external debt on the economic growth of Laos, with a specific focus on the evolving structure of external debt in the country spanning 1995 to 2020. It employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to establish long-term cointegration among key economic variables. The variables under scrutiny include human capital, labor force participation, external debt, inflation, and exchange rates, which are analyzed for their roles in shaping economic growth in Laos. In the long term, the study identifies robust and statistically significant relationships. Notably, human capital and the labor force emerge as influential drivers of economic growth, with coefficients of 2.0594 and 0.0591, respectively. Conversely, there is a substantial negative correlation between the external debt ratio per GDP and inflation rate with economic growth. This indicates that increases in these variables are associated with diminished economic expansion over time. In the short term, the study reveals that human capital and labor force participation positively impact Laos' economic growth. In contrast, the short-term effects of the external debt ratio, inflation rate, and exchange rate are adverse, indicating potential economic challenges that need to be addressed promptly. Based on findings, this study provides valuable insights into the determinants of economic growth in Laos, both in the long and short terms. These findings can inform policymakers and researchers in the development of more effective economic strategies, taking into account Laos' unique economic context.

Objective: To assess the effects of 0.20 mg of mitomycin C washing on the pterygium recurrence. Methodology: A total of 15 individuals were included in this observational retrospective analysis. They underwent pterygium surgery using 0.20 mg of mitomycin C and a graft. The postoperative care given to each group was the same. Results: There were no recurrences, with a P-value of 0.000. Conclusion: This case series indicates that just washing the bare sclera with MMC is effective against recurrence.

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the literature to provide a thorough understanding of the origins and development of management accounting, which has experienced increased popularity, particularly in the past twenty years. This paper undertakes a critical examination of the extensive criticism around the perceived decline in the relevance of management accounting in effectively improving performance within the context of a contemporary, dynamic company environment. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the simultaneous utilization of both classic and contemporary management accounting procedures. The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the prevailing degree of interest in the adoption of management accounting methods in both developed and emerging nations. The examination of relevant literature has yielded a critical analysis that indicates the origins of management accounting may be traced back to the industrial revolution that occurred in the 1900s. The study also indicated that management accounting is subject to ongoing development as organizations encounter novel challenges requiring resolution. Furthermore, it was found that management accounting approaches employed in the early 1900s remain relevant and useful in contemporary contexts. The school of thinking that argues for the diminished significance of management accounting has been refuted on the basis that classic management accounting practices employed in the 1900s continue to hold relevance in contemporary times. The study proposes the use of management accounting practices as they enhance the organization's competitive advantage and generate value.

The study concludes that the adoption of electronic attendance systems in Saudi Arabia's healthcare sector has transformed personnel management and brought about a new era characterized by precision, efficacy, and financial constraint. The study highlights the advantages of these solutions, such as enhanced attendance record accuracy, promptness promotion, and better job satisfaction. The study also looks at the financial effects of using computerized attendance systems, such as cost reductions and efficient resource management. Overall, the report highlights how the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector has undergone a revolutionary transition and how electronic attendance systems have been crucial in modernizing the healthcare system.

Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in developed countries. In acute ischemic stroke, the standard treatment is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The benefits of the treatment depend on the time of administration, the earlier it is administered, the greater its benefit. There are limited studies on the retrospective outcome of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke outside of clinical trials. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical data of 40 patients over 7 years who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke at the AHEPA University Hospital in Greece. From January 2013 to December 2020, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted and treated. Computed tomography (CT) was performed at 24 h after thrombolytic treatment or earlier in case of neurological worsening. The hospital had 3 months follow-up at the stroke clinic and data consisting of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality were reviewed in the medical records from the stroke clinic. The clinical outcome of functional independence defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 3 months was evaluated. Safety outcomes were in-hospital mortality, mortality at 3 months, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) defined by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria. The main finding of the present study, that there was an overall reduction in the NIHSS scale after thrombolysis, proves that the patients showed improvement after performing thrombolysis. Consequently, from the total of 40 thrombolysis performed at the clinic, it can be concluded that most patients had a good outcome.

In this study, influence of varied copper addition on the mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics of grey cast iron (GCI) was investigated. As-cast unalloyed and 0.035 wt. %, 0.65 wt. % 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % copper alloyed GCI samples were produced using rotary furnace. Chemical compositions of the samples were determined by Optical Emission Spectroscopy using ARL QuantoDeskSpectro analysis machine. Tensile and hardness measurements were made using INSTRON tensile testing machine- model 3369 and Universal Rockwell hardness testenr- model 8187LKV respectively. Samples’ characterization was done using Philips SEM (XL30 TMP). And electrochemical measurement was determined using AUTOLAB PGSTAT 204N instrument. From the results, the as-cast unalloyed, 0.035 wt. % and 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI samples revealed lamella graphite in pearlite matrix, short flake graphite in pearlitic-ferrritic matrix, Type A flake graphite in pearlitic-ferritic matrix and long flake graphite in ferritic-pearlitic matrix respectively. Tensile, hardness and elongation properties of the copper GCI samples ranked superior over the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Optimum tensile value 158.26 N/mm2 and hardness value 447.4 HRC were revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu, and optimum ductility value of 2.79% was revealed by the 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. In general, copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. The copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative as compared to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Least corrosion rate of 0.0011297 mm/yr with polarization resistance of 174.58 Ω was revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. Hence, it is most suitable in application requiring high to moderate strength is marine environment.

The reuse of recycled aggregates in the composition of concrete is a major challenge today in response to the high cost of construction and the environmental impact of waste This work evaluates the the physic-mechanical properties of concrete using recycled building demolition aggregates and bituminous concrete of pavements in the Republic of Congo. The idea was to check whether these recycled aggregates can have the same performance as when they were first used in concrete. From the results obtained, the recycled building aggregates have good mechanical strength according to the Los Angeles (32.5%) and Micro-Deval (29.3%) tests. Concrete made from building demolition aggregates (CRA1#) has a 28-day compressive strength of (28.8MPa), which is very close to that of the CNA# control concrete (31.11MPa). Concrete incorporating a mixture of asphalt concrete and building demolition aggregates (CRA3#) has a compressive strength of 20.32MPa. In terms of compressive strength, only CRA1# and CRA3# can be used as class C25 concrete for CRA1# and C20 for CRA3#.

This theoretical article delves into the intricate world of high-frequency trading (HFT) without empirical testing of real-world data, focusing on the incorporation of fractal geometry principles to enhance our understanding of market microstructure and price dynamics. In the introduction, we outline the significance of this research in the context of modern financial markets and lay out the objectives of our theoretical analysis. The article then takes an in-depth dive into fractal geometry fundamentals, illuminating its core concepts and its relevance within financial markets. Subsequently, the article explores the landscape of high-frequency trading, offering an overview of this dynamic domain and how fractal geometry can be incorporated into trading models. The section on modeling market microstructure presents theoretical approaches to understanding order flow dynamics, including novel derivations and equations. It then transitions into fractal-based approaches for analyzing the complexities of market microstructure, providing both an original perspective and numbered equations. Moreover, this article investigates the theoretical modeling of price dynamics, underscoring the pivotal role of fractal geometry in enriching these models. The discussion revolves around the fundamental autoregressive models and multifractal models, and it elucidates how fractal geometry principles, such as the Hurst exponent, come into play. We explore the self- similarity of price dynamics, fractal dimensions, and how these aspects can be integrated into high-frequency trading strategies. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive theoretical exploration of fractal geometry's implications in the realm of high-frequency trading, providing valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners seeking to fathom the complexities of market microstructure and price dynamics. The incorporation of fractal principles into financial models fosters a deeper understanding of self-similarity and complexity within financial markets, even in the absence of empirical data.

This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the theoretical landscape surrounding the integration of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) into the domain of real-time portfolio optimization. The study commences by establishing the background and motivation for this research, shedding light on the challenges encountered in real-time portfolio management and the potential transformative role NODEs can play in addressing these challenges. The theoretical framework unfolds in a structured manner, encompassing critical facets of portfolio optimization theory. It delves into classical portfolio optimization methodologies, including the mean- variance framework and continuous-time stochastic control techniques. This solid theoretical foundation provides the basis for understanding the nuances of optimizing portfolio weights, expected returns, and risk measures. The heart of the research lies in the integration of NODEs, an innovative fusion of deep learning and differential equations, into the fabric of portfolio optimization. NODEs, with their adaptability and ability to model continuous- time dynamics, emerge as a potent tool for real-time portfolio rebalancing and decision-making. The study provides an in-depth overview of NODEs, elucidating their architecture and their application in modeling financial time series data. This theoretical journey leads to the exploration of practical implications. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating NODEs into portfolio management, including improved risk management, enhanced returns, and the capacity for adaptive asset allocation strategies. However, it also addresses the limitations and challenges associated with this integration, such as data quality issues and computational requirements. In conclusion, this research presents a theoretical framework that bridges the gap between deep learning and continuous-time financial models, offering a promising avenue for real-time portfolio optimization. The insights derived from this study serve as a foundation for future research and practical applications in navigating the intricate landscape of financial markets.

Engaging students online has proven to yield positive outcomes in their performance mainly because learners do not have to worry about getting to a physical classroom to participate in the class activity. This study seeks to find out students’ awareness and use of innovative educational mobile applications that can help improve their productivity academically in Rivers State University. The study adopted a descriptive survey and interview methods. Three research questions guided the study. 260 students represented the sample of this study. The instrument that was used for data collection was a questionnaire with 41 items titled “Students’ Awareness and Use of Innovative Educational Mobile Applications”. The instrument comprises a 4-point Likert type rating scale which ranged from one (lowest response) to four (highest response). Data gathered was analyzed using mean and thematic interpretation. The results showed that students in Rivers State University have a low awareness and usage level when it comes to mobile applications that can improve academic performance and students use social /entertainment mobile applications than they use academic oriented mobile applications. Based on the findings it is therefore recommended that workshops should be organized to demonstrate how several mobile applications can be used to enhance academic productivity and lecturers should introduce the use of academic oriented mobile applications when delivering instruction to foster meaningful usage by students.

Background: Hysterectomy is a major and common gynecological procedure that involves the removal of the uterus for benign or malignant indications. The rate of hysterectomy varies from one region to another. Objective: To determine the prevalence, indications and clinical outcome of hysterectomy at Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital. Materials and methods: The study was a 3-year retrospective review of hysterectomies, carried out between 1st July 2020 and 31st June 2023. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 26. Measured variables were expressed in percentage. Test for association was done using chi-square, setting P-value at <0.05. Results: A total of 56 hysterectomies were performed out of a total of 232 gynecological surgeries, giving a rate of 24.14%. The mean age was 51.72±12.2 years. The mean parity was 5.28±3.3. The rate of hysterectomy was highest (34.0%) among women aged 40 – 49 years. The commonest (29.8%) procedure was vaginal hysterectomy. The commonest (29.8%) indication for hysterectomy was utero-vaginal prolapse. The mean blood unit transfused was 1.2±1.2 units. The mean post-operative admission was 5.23± 2.2 days. Conclusion: Pelvic organ prolapse is the leading indication for hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy is the most common type of hysterectomy performed.

The pivotal and nodal role of nurses in the healthcare industry is very vital for the proper management of asthma. To effectively intervene, nurses must be skillful in techniques used in asthma management which must be evidenced-based. The study objective is to use educational program to enhance nurses’ asthma management practice. This study adopted Quasi-experimental one group pre-post research design. Two government teaching hospitals in Rivers State were used in this study. A total number of 52 nurses were purposively selected in collaboration with nurse-leaders in each study setting. Checklist developed by the researcher and experts in the field of medical surgical nursing using modified Delphi method was used to collect data based on GINA guidelines pre- and post-educational program. Reliability test for the checklist using Cronbach’s alpha co-efficient yielded .89. Educational program was administered for six days respectively at the two study settings. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test) at level of 0.05 level of significance. Participants with good asthma management practice at pre-educational program were 36.5% while at post-educational was 80.8%. Paired-simple t-test analysis on the difference in asthma management practice before and after nurse led educational program using GINA guideline indicates that tcal = 51.23, df = 51, and ttab = 1.96 Since tcal>ttab at P<0.05, Hence, the null hypotheses was rejected. The study concluded that nurse-led educational program using adopted GINA guidelines enhanced practice of asthma management among nurses.

Drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes nosocomial infections, pneumonia, wound sepsis and infections of newborns and intensive care patients. In many cases antibiotics are no longer very effective in patients treated for K. pneumoniae infections. Various studies have shown antimicrobial properties of essential oils and different compounds that are part of them. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration of the Mentha piperita essential oil against resistant strain of K. pneumoniae. Efficiency of peppermint oil when used with antibiotics in wound management as well as controlling K. pneumoniae infection was also investigated in this study. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of peppermint oil, where its inhibitory capacity was observed along with antibiotics and compared with control. Bacterial load of K. pneumonia OXA48 resistant strain on wound in rat models was also studied and compared. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA48 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were inhibited by effectively by 40 µl/ml of peppermint oil in well diffusion assays. In rat models the wounds were healed, and epithelization was quicker in 10% peppermint oil treated wounds. Wounds applied with a combination of peppermint oil and Imipenem were more effectively protected from infection and showed better healing as well. Peppermint oil depicted both inhibitory capacities against K. pneumonia OXA48 and promoted wound healing as well. Further studies regarding PMO and its efficacy in wound management as well as its associated molecular mechanism would provide better understanding regarding its potential.