Medical errors are a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide, posing risks to patient safety and quality of care. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of medical errors, their types, causes, and potential solutions, based on current literature. The review highlights the importance of addressing medical errors through a multidisciplinary approach, including improved communication, enhanced education and training, the implementation of technology and artificial intelligence, and quality improvement initiatives. It also emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and reporting of medical errors to drive change and improve patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with significant potential to revolutionize healthcare. The application of AI in healthcare has opened up new avenues for improving diagnostics, treatment planning, patient monitoring, and healthcare management.

Manufar wannan bincike shi ne shiga duniyar tarihi domin taliyon gudummawar Turawa wajen samarwa da bunƙasa ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa. Kadadar binciken ta taƙaita tsakanin 1840 zuwa 1993. An yi amfani da dabarar salon binciken laburare (library research) domin tattara bayanai inda aka dogara kan kundatattun bayanan tarihi. Binciken ya gano cewa, Turawa ne suka fara samar da tubalan ginin rubutun Hausa, sannan sun taka rawar gani sosai wajen gina ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa kafin a samu Hausawan da suka ci gaba da jan ragamar wannan fagen ilimi. Daga ƙarshe takardar ta ba da shawarwarin da suka haɗa da samun haɗin kan masana da manazarta tare da aiki tuƙuru bisa sadaukarwa domin samun cigaba da bunƙasar ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa tare da harshen baki ɗaya. Dole ne kuma a samu ingantattun hanyoyin watsa sababbin cigaba da amintattun sauye-sauye da ake samarwa.

The Policy provides a consistent framework for operational guidelines and standardized processes for decision making. Policy Development Framework provides protocols and clarifies roles and responsibilities in the policy development process. This article aims to document and discuss the process of development cross training policy formulation, including its practice and outcomes. In this policy, we developed the cross training framework including definitions, purpose and procedures that reflect the scope of policy analysis. This comprehensive conceptual framework may serve as a “road map” for researchers and healthcare policymakers who are interested in the development, monitoring, implementation, and analysis of nursing cross training policies.

Malaria remains a significant public health concern, particularly among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) have been recognized as an effective preventive measure against malaria transmission. However, the utilization of LLINs among pregnant women remains suboptimal. This study aimed to assess the level of daily LLIN utilization and identify its predictors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a tertiary healthcare centre in Southern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal recipients at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in Uyo, AkwaIbom State. A total of 323 respondents were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of daily LLIN usage. One hundred and twenty seven (39.3%) of the respondents had ever slept inside a LLIN during the index pregnancy, while 22.6% reported daily usage. LLIN ownership was reported by 47.7% of the respondents, highlighting a discrepancy between ownership and consistent use. Predictors of daily LLIN usage included LLIN ownership (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.95-7.48), absence of discomfort during LLIN use (aOR 9.33,95%CI 4.32-20.17), non-use of other malaria preventive measures (aOR 3.7,95% CI 11.51-8.93) and presence of mosquitoes in home dwelling (aOR 3.56 95%CI 1.35-9.37). Health education campaigns should emphasize the benefits of daily LLIN usage during pregnancy. Policy interventions are warranted to increase LLIN distribution and availability to pregnant women through antenatal care clinics.

Introduction: The estimation of fetal weight during pregnancy has a significant impact on the survival of newborns and some immediate and late sequelae of the life of newborns. Estimation of fetal weight also plays a paramount role in determining time, mode, and place of delivery. There are many methods to estimate fetal weight like the palpation method, fundal height measurement, and radio frequency volume reduction. Johnson's method is one of the clinical methods that require no expense and is easier to estimate the precise birth weight and fetal weight. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the Johnsons formula for estimating fetal weight compared to actual birth weight. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study took place in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, between May 2015 to October 2015, six (06) months after approval. The sample size was 600 as per inclusion criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the women by using a pre- design questionnaire after proper counseling and informed written consent. The purposive sampling method was used in the study. Data processing was consisting of registration schedule, editing, computerization, preparation of dummy table, analyzing & matching of data. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 for Windows. The mean values were calculated for continuous variables. The quantitative observations were indicated by frequencies and percentages. Paired t-test was used for continuous variables. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to test the relationship between the groups. P values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The mean age was found 24.5±5.1 years with a range from 18 to 38 years. The mean symphysio fundal height was found 32.4±2.0 cm with a range from 28 to 36 cm. The mean estimated fetal weight was found 3205.2±287.9 grams with a range from 2635 to 3875 grams. The mean actual birth weight after delivery was found 3019.0±359.0 grams with a range from 2200 to 3800 grams. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups. A positive significant correlation (r=0.929; p=0.001) was found between actual birth weight and estimated fetal weight by Johnson's formula. A positive significant correlation (r=0.517; p=0.001) was found between actual birth weight and symphysio fundal height. A positive significant correlation (r=0.129; p=0.002) was also found between the actual birth weight neonate and the BMI of the mother. Conclusion: Antenatal and intranatal fetal weight can be estimated with reasonable accuracy, clinically using Johnson's formula. Ultrasound is not available in remote areas where Johnson's formula is easy and simple to calculate and can be included in the training program of medical and paramedical staff and birth attendants.

In today’s healthcare system, informatics has become an essential part of the infrastructure to improve access to health information, make patient care safer, decrease health care costs, and improve outcomes. The evaluation of these services is an important component of these programs and health professionals should have the requisite knowledge, confidence, and skills to evaluate the impact of the services they provide. However, Nursing staff are seldom adequately prepared by their training or work experience to do this well. In this article the researchers provide a suitable framework and guidance to enable nursing staff to appropriately undertake useful program evaluation. We introduced and discussed Program Evaluation and provided guidelines for its implementation. The framework presented distinguishes program evaluation from research and encourages nursing staff to apply an evaluative judgment, in order that value the merit, worth, and significance of programs can be made. Examples from our evaluation practice are drawn on to illustrate how program evaluation can be used across the Nursing care scope.

The purpose of this research is to determine the internal and external factors that affect economic growth, then determine strategies to increase economic growth in 6 (six) provinces in Indonesia. The research method uses descriptive analysis with SWOT analysis tools. The results of the study are appropriate strategies to accelerate the economic growth of the Province in Java Island, including: improving infrastructure, developing special economic zones, promoting tourism and cultural heritage, encouraging innovation and technology, regional development planning and sustainable development practices.

Policy briefs are often recommended as a key tool for communicating research findings to policy makers. Some knowledge transfer programs have emerged in the past years to promote the use of research. One of those program was the policy brief. It is a short document synthesizing the results of one or multiple studies. In this policy brief, the researcher used one of his research work has been conducted 10 years ago. The purpose of a policy brief is to inform policymakers’ decisions or motivate action. The Policy brief approach allows for a more comprehensive view of evidence use and to decide more specifically in which ways policymakers use research evidence. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the various forms of uses of policy briefs by policy makers.

Every functional society consists of active shareholders (the leaders and the lead) whose activities are complimentary and must be constantly synergistic. In the event that the required cohesion is to be disturbed, the spectrum inviting such typically owes the other segments of society some form of explanation for such an action. Consequently, this study sets to investigate the linguistic resources deployed for legitimisation in ASUU’s press release of March,2020. To achieve this, Paul Cap’s (2005,2006) Spatial, Temporal and Axiological (STA) model of legitimisation was deployed to analyse for proximisation in the corpus. It was found that the linguistic resources used in the speech represented predominant instances of Spatial, Temporal and Axiological dimensions; ASUU deployed linguistic features for positive proximisation to justify their claims for an extended (indefinite) strike action and negative proximisation when expressing their existential realities, with the Nigerian federal government, in the education sector. The study concludes that judging from the gory realities in the education sector (which ASUU is seen to strongly advocate against), ASUU’s insistence on the federal and state governments to adequately fund the sector is deserving of the needed attention. To this end, it is hoped that the education sector will receive a big boost, if ASUU’s educational gatekeeper role is taken seriously by the concerned relevant stakeholders (government or school proprietors).

A position statement is a written statement from an organization that discusses a current clinical problem. That suggests an established and agreed upon approach to this problem by the organization. Position statement synthesizes newly available information and reinforces best nursing practices and give detailed policy or guidelines for practice. The main aim of this paper is to reducing Emergency Department Congestion. In this Position statement published by the researchers will benefit the health care community, in general with the help of inspiring practice improvement and up to date clinical care.

Background: An increase in the left atrial volume index (LAVI) has been recognized as an important indicator of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events. The left atrium plays a crucial role in maintaining efficient cardiac function by facilitating proper blood flow between the pulmonary veins and the left ventricle during diastole. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the relationship between Left Atrial Volume and Diastolic Dysfunction in 500 Bangladeshi Patients. Method: From January 2022 to January 2023, researchers at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh analyzed data from 500 patients in need of a transthoracic echo in the cardiology department. Patients were people aged 20 to 86 with a history free of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, pacemaker usage, valvular disease (other than minor), or congenital cardiopathy who presented with sinus rhythm. Forty-five people were left out because their tests were either too limited to assess mitral diastolic flow (n = 35) or too limited to assess left atrial volume index (n = 10). Five hundred patients were used as the study's final sample size. Results: The average age and proportion of men in the DD groups were both greater than in the normal function group. The DD groups had more left ventricular mass than the controls. Only in the group with ventricular filling limitation pattern (grade III DD), was the ejection fraction significantly decreased. LAVI and dimensions both rose as DD severity increased, from 21 4.2 mL/m2 in grade I to 26.1 7.5 mL/m2 in grade II to 50.4 2.8 mL/m2 in grade III (p 0.001). In addition, the grade I DD groups (altered relaxation) showed a relative decrease in the E-wave and the E/A ratio, and an increase in the mitral deceleration time, when compared to the normal diastolic function group; the opposite was seen in the group with grade III DD (restrictive pattern). All DD subtypes had weaker e' waves compared to those with normal diastolic function. As DD progressed, a rise in the E/e' ratio was seen. LAVI was positively correlated with age, left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic volumes, LV wall relative thickness, LV mass indexed to height raised to the 2.7th power, and E/e' ratio (all p 0.01). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between left atrial volume index and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as between the e' wave and the septal mitral anulus. Conclusion: According to this study in a Bangladeshi population, DD contributes to left atrial remodelling, and a rise in LAVI is an indicator of DD severity. In this cohort with preserved or slightly reduced mean ejection fraction and no substantial valvular heart disease, LAVI increase determinants are related to age, left ventricular hypertrophy, higher filling pressure, and impaired LV systolic performance.

Pragmatics as a field of linguistic science helps us understand how language is used, what it is used for and it’s meaning in a given context. Therefore, health posters are peculiar means of communicating information about diseases, identifying risk factors and promoting behavioural change. Language use aids healthcare providers to shape and define ‘normal and healthy’ behaviours and conditions. This study therefore aims at doing a pragmatic analysis of selected health posters so as to establish the relationship between the visuals and the captions of the posters and the relevance of the principles of meaning in the posters. Three health posters cutting across different diseases were collected and analysed, using Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory. It involves the analysis of direct and indirect relevance of pragmatic principles in the health posters. The study discovers that colour combination in the health posters communicates the desired message of the health care providers. The study also revealed that the health posters are informative and educational despite that, some of them appeared vague and ambiguous.

Prior to the beginning of the Cold War, exploration of outer space by explorers was majorly for scientific discoveries of new planets. But as time went by, governments and private entities began to explore further for natural resources that could be beneficial to the existence of man on earth. Such minerals that could be found in asteroids include iron, iridium, nickel, magnesium, gold, platinum, and palladium, among others. Although every nation of the world is believed to have equal right to outer space and the resources discovered therein, the commercialisation of space mining activities have seemingly restricted the control of these resources to world leading governments such as, the United State, China, Russia, Japan, France and some private enterprises who have the financial power for such activities. The goal of the article was to examine commercialisation, property rights and contemporary legal issues concerning outer space mining. Can private or non-governmental entities operate in the outer space without governmental authorisation and continuing supervision? How best could ensuing space mining disputes and environmental concerns be addressed? Doctrinal research method was adopted for this study to discuss fundamental issues and resolve questions raised by the article. This entailed the examination of available literature in the area plus existing international and domestic laws regulating outer space mining activities in order to give in-depth analysis of the subject matter and to support the position reached in the article. In concluding the article, the authors proffered some suggestions on the identified contemporary issues.

Acute pancreatitis associated with pregnancy occurs mostly in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period, mainly caused by biliary lithiasis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 1000 to 3000 pregnancies [1]. Maternal and fetal mortality due to acute pancreatitis occurring during pregnancy has fallen in recent years thanks to medico-technical advances in intensive care units with better management of severe attacks and better management of premature newborns. The clinical presentation is often atypical in pregnant women and the possibilities of imaging and surgery are limited. Acute pancreatitis can be treated medically but surgery becomes necessary if there is no improvement under medical treatment.

The teaching of Physical Education and Sports (PES) is increasingly compromised in Djibouti, as most of the new middle and secondary schools built in the past two decades do not have playgrounds. This situation has meant that some students have never had access to physical and sports activities as part of their school curriculum. They consequently suffer the detrimental consequences of this situation, particularly on health, well-being, and overall development. To carry out this research, we have analyzed several data sources, such as internal reports and statistical directories of the national education system. We have also studied legislative documents, articles, reports, and chapters on the evolution of school education in Djibouti, as well as ethnographic surveys. Through descriptive analyses, the purpose of this article is to highlight the disparities that exist among different schools in terms of playground equipment and, by extension, access to physical and sports activities. Ultimately, this article emphasizes the urgent need to address the crisis of playgrounds in schools to ensure a better future for PES and enable students to benefit from the physical, social, and educational advantages associated with engaging in physical and sports activities.