Background: The contraceptive method is essential in promoting maternal and child health. It improves health through adequate birth spacing, avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages, and high parity. It is often used as a synonym for birth control, however. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples attending at Mother and Child welfare center in Bogura. Methodology: This is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study design that was used, and a 120 sample size that was a purposive sampling technique followed by those who meet the inclusion criteria to assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire and a self-report method composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on Contraceptive Methods. Results: The present study's findings revealed that the majority of the 59% were within <25 years, 90% were Muslim, and 85% were housewives. Regard the knowledge revealed that the average low level regarding the use of contraceptive methods among married couples. It is expected that the study will provide a better understanding of the uses of contraceptive methods. Conclusion: This can be achieved by providing educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services needed to promote contraceptive methods. The present study concluded that a significant proportion of respondents have a low level of knowledge and practice regarding contraceptive methods.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus species is a growing global concern. These bacteria, commonly found in the human gut, have resisted multiple antibiotics, making infections harder to treat. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare as it limits treatment options and highlights the urgent need for responsible antibiotic use and the development of new therapies. Aim of the study: The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterococcus Species at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional research occurred at Sample collected from deferent laboratories situated in rangpur and test/research perform, Department of Microbiology in prime institute of science and medical technology (PRISMET), Rangpur During March’ 2022 to March’ 2023. It spanned one year from [start date] to [end date]. The primary goal was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterococci. Throughout the study, 1,450 samples were collected from various sources, including urine, blood, pus, swabs, and fluids. However, only 62 Enterococci isolates were successfully obtained. Standard microbiological protocols, such as microscopy and culture, were rigorously followed during sample processing. All clinical samples received at the Microbiology laboratory during the study were considered for inclusion. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and presented with tables and graphs, while SPSS was employed for statistical analysis. Result: The study population primarily consisted of patients aged 36-75 (77.42%), averaging 52.01 years. Gender distribution was skewed towards males (59.68%). Enterococcus spp. They have dominated the microbial species (64.52%), with E. faecalis (14.52%) and E. faecium (11.29%) being prevalent. Urine samples were the most common (66.13%), followed by pus (11.29%) and swab (9.68%). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed varying results, with amoxicillin being sensitive in 87.10% of cases, while Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime exhibited over 96% resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus species at a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital. Once harmless, these bacteria now pose a severe risk to public health. Our research shows that E. faecalis and E. faecium have become resistant to many common antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins, urging immediate antibiotic stewardship and infection control. To combat this global health threat, we must explore novel treatments and employ a multidisciplinary approach to protect patients and healthcare systems from Enterococcus infections.

Background: Cancer is one of the most dreaded human diseases, that has become an ever-increasing health problem and is a prime cause of death globally. Munga, also known as Moringa oleifera Lam., is one of the most significant plants grown extensively in India. This plant, Moringa oleifera Lam, is used extensively as a dietary supplement and has valuable pharmacological properties including anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, CNS activity, anti-allergic, wound healing, analgesic, and antipyretic action. This plant has great therapeutic properties in every area. It is a good source of milk protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Alkaloids, protein, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil, and lipids are only a few examples of the several active phytoconstituents that are present. Aim: The current work sought to elucidate the molecular basis for Niazinin A antiproliferative activity against the VEGF-1 & AURKA, which functions as a proinflammatory factor in proliferation. Method: A molecular docking method was employed in the current work to look for VEGFR-1 & AURKA protein inhibitors. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilising a grid-based docking method. Results: The molecular docking result revealed that Niazinin A showed encouraging docking score. The docking score found to be -7& -6.11 for VEGF-1 & AURKA kcal mol–1 respectively. Conclusion: The interaction of ligand hits to targeted site and docking score finding it can be predicted that Niazinin A found in the plants Moringa exhibited good inhibitor of VEGF-1 & AURKA protein.

A large number of people particularly the women and the children are being trafficked and smuggled to many countries including India and Malaysia by some organized gangs of human traffickers every year. Human Trafficking causes huge suffering to victims of trafficking ignoring and violating human right values and provoking the victims giving false statements. A trend of human trafficking is increasing day by day in various forms like the sexual exploitation, forced labor, begging, delinquency and adoption, on the other hand, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, ignorance, drug addiction, cross border trade, dowry, child marriage and social curses have so far been identified as the main reasons behind human trafficking. Terming the human trafficking is the heinous crime. It should be emphasized on creating much awareness to vulnerable people specially those are interested to go to abroad as workers, access to need base information and pre-departure orientation along with bringing the recruitment agencies under proper sensitization program, more legal aid farms should come ahead to support the victims legally for compensation from convicted people in this sector. It should be principal agendum to the SAARC country to form Joint Naval and Coast Guards for stopping human trafficking by sea. This article focuses on some cases and recommendations to upgrade the situation.

The success of any organization is contingent upon the implementation of effective financial management practices. This article provides a detailed analysis of financial management, highlighting its nature as a network of interconnected activities that necessitate coordinated efforts from investors, creditors, and managers. This study analyses the role of financial management in organizations and its contribution to achieving economic optimization. Based on a comprehensive examination of scholarly literature, the present research study delineates the fundamental components that underpin effective financial management, including planning, budgeting, forecasting, and monitoring. This statement underscores the significance of fostering transparent communication and synchronized efforts among all stakeholders engaged in financial decision- making processes. Through diligent monitoring of financial performance, financial management may ensure that a company optimizes the utilization of its available resources. The article paper emphasizes the importance of effective leadership in the realm of financial management. Skilled managers are adept at navigating an organization. Many economic relationships are essential for achieving effective financial management. The article offers significant insights into the optimization of financial management procedures within firms by studying critical components of this field.

Background: Prostaglandins have a central role in the cervical ripening and parturition, and have been widely used for induction of labor (IOL). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of Dinoprostone vaginal tape (Propess) over Dinoprostone vaginal tablets (Prostin) for IOL and find which has better outcome to be applied in clinical practice. Participants and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted via reviewing of medical records of multipara women admitted to King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh between January-2021 and December-2022 for IOL by Propess or Prostin. Results: A total of 87 multipara women were included in the study; 39 (44.8%) were treated by Propess and 48 (55.2%) were treated by Prostin for IOL. Full dilatation of the cervix after induction of labour was reported among majority of women (94.2%): being 92.1% among women treated with Propess and 95.8% among those treated with Prostin, however, this difference was not statistically significant, p>0.05. Regarding mode of delivery, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery was reported among 84.9% of women; 86.8% among women treated with Propess and 83.3% among those treated with Prostin while emergency cesarean section delivery was reported among 10.5% of women; 7.9% among women treated with Propess and 12.5% among those treated with Prostin. However, these differences were not statistically significant, p>0.05. Conclusion: The success rate of IOL among multipara women was high; however, no difference was reported between Propess and Prostin as regards the effectiveness (maximum cervical dilatation) and safety (rate of emergency cesarean section).

The little or no knowledge of the philosopher Alfred Baeumler on the part of those who are not German speaking makes it imperative to present various facets of his thought for a fair and correct evaluation of his philosophical activity. Therefore, here we present the first English version of the text 'The Solitude of Nietzsche', along with some comments on the 'haste' of some post-1945 writers to present Nietzsche as a fundamental pillar of National Socialism, a matter that is not clear for lack of scientifically convincing evidence.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is an advanced objection characterized by the new start of hypertension and proteinuria or the new start of hypertension and important end-organ dysfunction with or without proteinuria in the last half of the prenatal period or post-delivery. Long-term, patients with preeclampsia are at enhanced risk for developing cardiovascular and renal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women suffering from preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. A total number of one hundred twelve pregnant women (N=112), were enrolled in the study and fifty-six (n=56) were included as preeclampsia (Cases) and another fifty-six (n=56) were enrolled as normotensives (Controls). Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Result: Respondents' mean age was 27.35 ± 4.85 (case) & 26.46 ± 4.86(control) years. Maximum study subjects had only primary education. The majority of the respondents were homemakers in all groups. Respondents' mean gestational age was 36.28 ± 2.12 (case) & 36.57 ± 1.82 (control) weeks respectively and was significant in both case and control groups (p=.001). There was no statistical difference according to gravida found between the cases and controls. Based on maternal outcomes, delivery by cesarean section was greater in cases than in controls (p<0.001), &eclampsia (p<0.001) and PPH (p=0.002) were significantly lower in controls than cases. Based on the neonatal outcome, birth weight was significantly lower in cases than in controls (p=0.020), and stillbirth was significantly lower in controls than cases (p=0.042). Conclusion: Preeclampsia may be linked to complications with the placenta initially in the pregnancy. A very little amount of maternal complications and fetal complications rose in this current analysis and the result of the findings was satisfactory.

The current study intends to objectively assess the English-language publications from the Google Scholar database in relation to student involvement and academic performance over the time period from early 2013 to 2023. The research uses a bibliometric approach and the program VOSviewer to describe the composition and evolution of the field. When searching the Google scholar database for the terms student involvement and academic success, thousands of documents come up. 50 papers were eventually found by the search engine. Aim of the current study is to visualize the relationship between student engagement and academic performance in online education using VOSviewer software.

This observational-review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of the Information Technology (IT) sector in empowering women in Bangladesh. The study synthesizes existing literature and secondary data to analyze the historical and current societal status of women in the country, with a specific focus on the IT sector. It explores how the IT sector has contributed to elevating women's social and economic status and identifies the challenges and barriers that women face in this domain. The article also offers policy recommendations at both the national and individual levels to further enhance the role of IT in women's empowerment. These recommendations include policy-level interventions, skill development programs, and awareness campaigns, among others. By addressing these key points, this study aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on women's empowerment in Bangladesh and offer actionable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and individuals. The study acknowledges its limitations, primarily its reliance on existing literature, which may not capture the most current trends or localized experiences.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a complex disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, posing risks to maternal and fetal health. It is linked to adverse outcomes worldwide, with varying incidence rates across regions. Risk factors include history, maternal age, and socioeconomics. The pathophysiology involves issues with spiral artery adaptation. The study aimed to analyze the associations between serum CRP concentration, maternal hypertension, and fetal outcomes in pregnant women. Methods: This cross- sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka. It took place from January to December 2018. The study population comprised 120 pregnant women within the gestational age of 28-40 weeks. The women were categorized into three groups: Group A (control) consisted of normotensive pregnant women, Group B included pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia, and Group C comprised pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia. Ethical guidelines were followed, including IRB approval and participant consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version, 22.0. Chi-Square, t-test, and ANOVA test were performed to determine associations among the study variables of the groups, where p<0.05 considered as the level of significance. Results: The study enrolled 120 participants divided into Groups A, B, and C. The majority fell within the 18-25 age range. The mean ages were 24.23±4.52 (Group A), 24.73±4.01 (Group B), and 24.26±3.07 (Group C). BMI was significantly higher in Groups A and B compared to Group C (p < 0.05). Gestational age was lower in mild and severe preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies (p < 0.05). Cesarean section delivery was significantly more frequent in preeclamptic mothers (p < 0.001). CRP levels varied, with means of 3.07 (Group A), 9.67 (Group B), and 13.15 (Group C), showing significant differences (p < 0.05). Fetal birth weight was lowest in Group C (2.61) and highest in Group A (2.95). Severe preeclampsia patients had elevated CRP levels, with 93.3% exhibiting this trend (p < 0.05). Adverse neonatal outcomes were more common in preeclampsia cases, including prematurity, LBW, and neonatal complications (p < 0.05). Increased CRP levels were associated with low birth weight (p < 0.001) and lower APGAR scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Pre- eclampsia shows raised serum CRP levels, particularly pronounced in severe cases, with about 83% of patients affected. This heightened CRP connects to adverse fetal outcomes.

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM), also known as "pre-labour rupture of membranes," occurs when the gestational membranes burst after 37 weeks but before labor really starts. This study showed that PLR could be a new inflammatory marker for diagnosing preterm PROM. The study place was the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) & Mitford Hospital (MH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from May 2019 to October 2019. It was a case-control study. All mothers were selected by purposive sampling who were PPROM as cases. Age-matched non-PPROM pregnant women at term were also enrolled as control. Afterward, they were scrutinized according to eligibility criteria, and 200 mothers were enrolled. Among them, 100 were cases, and the other 100 were in control. A pre-tested, observation-based, peer-reviewed data collection sheet was prepared before the study. Data regarding clinical, biochemical, and surgical profiles were recorded. Data were compiled, edited, and analyzed. The P-value was determined by the chi-square test (categorical variables) and the student’s t-test (continuous variables). The p-value was significant at <0.05. The mean age of 100 patients from the case was 24.39±2.81 (age range: 18-36) years, and that of the control, like 100 normal pregnant women, was 24.31±2.34 (age range: 19-35). (P=0.49). The mean parity of case and control were 2.1±0.9 (range: 0- 5) and 1.98±0.2 (range: 0-3). The mean gravida of case and control were (3.1±1.2 vs. 3.4±1.4).The platelet count was found significantly higher in PROM or cases (241.6±58.7 vs 201.7±65.91000/mm3, p <0.001). PLR was higher (125.8±67.1 vs 105.2±48.6) in cases (P<0.001). So, there is a good opportunity to utilize PLR as an inflammatory marker to predict preterm PROM. PLR is used in many acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Its use to predict preterm PROM is a new concept. For that reason, this study is rational and time demanding.

This synthesis of research was carried out in order to assess the impact of chemical treatments on gum tissues. Chemical compounds are used in a variety of dental applications, including caries prevention, pulp treatment, and periodontal care. Understanding how these medications affect the surrounding tissues is critical for successful treatment results. We thoroughly reviewed the existing literature and relied on any relevant research published between 2000 and 2021. The results imply that, depending on the kind of therapy and the substance used, chemical therapies may have both helpful and negative effects on the tissues around a tooth. More study is needed to determine the most effective techniques for protecting the long-term health of the surrounding tissues.

Solar panels-the vital element of this SSHS makes use of exhausted energy. Compared to all other energy solar energy is abundant and free that can be used to charge batteries used for any module or electrical kits which are obvious for daily usage. The Smart Charge Controller will be designed such, so that the solar battery does not get over charged thereby ensuring no reduction of durability of the battery. This kind of system requires sensors to sense whether the battery is fully charged or not. After fully charged, detection safety can be achieved by designing a logic system in the charger, which will automatically disconnect or cut power to the battery when it is fully charged. When the solar batteries come into account, they get charged in a very short time period considering of the solar/sun/light hours per day, which is 5 hours in Bangladesh; whereas Diesel Battery Charging Stations (DBCS) take 1-2 days.

Rasashastra (Itrochemistry), is a pharmaceutical subsidiary of Ayurveda that mainly deals with formulations containing minerals/metals. Praval Panchamrita Rasa is one of them which is a very versatile Ayurvedic formulation due to its multiple indications, mainly for Vata and Kapha diseases. This formulation is a combination of five Bhasmas i.e. Praval Bhasma, Mukta Bhasma, Shankha Bhasma, Shukti Bhasma and Kapardika Bhasma which are of marine origin and is triturated with Arka Ksheer (latex of Calotropis procera L.) and subjected to incineration. The latex of Calotropis procera L. plays an important role as a reducing and capping agent resulting in the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Preval Panchamrita Rasa has been mentioned in different classical texts such as Yoga Ratnakara, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, AFI, Rasa Yoga Sagar etc. Acharyas have described this formulation as “Sarvagadapahari” i.e. it can cure all diseases. XRD study of Praval Panchamrita Rasa revealed the maximum value of calcite form of calcium carbonate, while SEM study illustrated the smaller particle size range (max size ≤6μ) resulting in higher bioavailability of Praval Panchamrita Rasa. It has also been reported that calcium in calcite form is better absorbed as compared to other forms of calcium carbonate. It is a natural source of calcium which is a necessary nutrient for the proper functioning of the human body. Calcium is a crucial element that mediates muscle contraction, exocrine, endocrine and neurocrine secretion, cell growth, transportation and secretion of fluids and electrolytes.