A major problem for adolescent girls is malnutrition and anaemia. Inadequate nutrition during adolescence has the potential to have a serious negative influence on the reproductive years and beyond. The likelihood that Indian girls would acquire anaemia is doubled since they typically marry and have children before their growth spurt is complete (Chatterjee, 2008). Because of its high nitrate concentration and beta carotene content (19690 mcg/100g), beetroot juice with jaggery aids in the mobilisation of stored iron and increases haemoglobin levels in anaemic people. With its potential to stabilise blood pressure, beetroot juice is used to treat anxiety. In persons with diabetes, it is believed to improve blood flow, lower blood pressure, and improve athletic performance. Because beetroot juice has a diuretic effect and is occasionally combined with Amla juice, eating beets is recommended in cases of gonorrhoea. Heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are all decreased by beetroot juice. Jaggery's high iron and folate content assists adolescent girls with a number of menstruation issues, including easing stomach pain during periods and preventing anaemia by maintaining a proper volume of blood cells. Increased blood counts, better circulation, and a rise in the capacity of erythrocytes to carry oxygen are all results of beetroot juice's assistance in the absorption of iron.

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is most common invasive malignancy of female genital tract. In spite of advances in diagnosis and treatment, incidence of EEC has been rising because of increasing aging population and prevalence of obesity. Therefore, there is need of research exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of EEC and its precursors. Wnt/ β-catenin signaling are involved in the progression and invasion of EEC. However, the potential role of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling and its effectors in endometrial cancer and precursor lesions remains to be investigated. In the present study a total of 95 samples of endometrial biopsies were assessed histopathologically along with β-catenin expression by immunohistochemistry and promoter methylation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene by bisulfite method. Women age ranged from 35 to 70 years whose endometrial biopsy and resected samples were obtained. Expression of β-catenin was observed in 28/39; 72% of EEC, 23/37; 62% of precancer cases and 4/19; 21% of normal proliferative endometrium. APC promoter was completely unmethylated in all controls (14/14) and precancer (10/10) groups, however, only one case (1/13, 8%) of cancer was methylated. The present study showed that expression of β-catenin was upregulated in EEC and precursor lesions suggesting involvement of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling from an early stage of development of cancer from precancer. The information might offer a potential therapeutic target for EEC and could also be used as a screening tool in endometrial hyperplasia (EH) cases for detecting potentially precancerous lesions.

Purpose: The paper analyzes the efficacy of risk management governance, which takes the form of a dedicated risk governance committee and the executive board with the CRO. It illustrates which aspects of risk management and governance are crucial for the banks' financial performance. It also emphasizes financial sustainability through risk management and governance. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research approach is employed with secondary data from published and reliable sources. Regression analysis is employed for estimating the impact, and a t-test is performed for estimating the difference. Findings: It concludes that the financial performance measured using returns ratio significantly differs among the banks with the executive board having a CRO and the executive board having an absence of a CRO. The financial performance variable taken as a function of the bank's corporate governance variables assumes a positive and significant impact. It infers that risk governance can lead to sustainable financial performance. Research Limitations and Implications: This study contributes to the risk governance structure of banks. The future work should consider different samples and extended risk-based variables for more implications. Originality: The banks performance with a risk management approach in South Asian economies after the global crisis is a valuable addition to the corporate governance of banks in the studied countries. The comparative analysis of banks with and without the role of the CRO is a unique contribution in the provided setting.

Man is a social animal that interacts and associates with other people in his environment. But there are situations where his human relationship may be negatively impacted. One of such instances is a situation where the person who was last seen with the accused dies and the accused is presumed to be liable for the death of the person. The doctrine of last seen is often relied upon by the prosecution in such circumstance. The doctrine of last seen is a principle in the offence of homicide particularly murder. It is one of the concept or principles that points to the accused person as the culprit responsible for the death of the deceased/victim. For an accused person to be held liable and convicted for the death of the deceased, the evidence of the prosecution must be compelling, irresistible and point to the accused person. This study examined and carried out a critique of the doctrine of last seen as one of the principles of murder with particular reference to an examination of the concept of murder, the doctrine of last seen, the exceptions thereto and the consideration of the doctrine of last seen in India. This study adopted doctrinal research methodology and also placed reliance on both primary and secondary sources. This study concluded that this doctrine should be painstakingly applied to avoid a hasty and erroneous or fatal conclusion as to the cause of death of a person who was last seen with the accused person.

Mature teratomas, or teratoid tumors, or benign teratomas, of the nasal cavity and sinuses are exceptional the diagnosis is histopathological and shows within the lesion different types of tissue: fat, glial, muscular, cartilaginous, bone and respiratory. Teratomas are rare congenital neoplasms that originate from pluripotent cells. In this article, we report the first case of a nasal teratoma. We also discuss methods for diagnosing and treating upper respiratory teratomas, and include a brief literature review.

Introduction: Many new inflammatory markers are being extensively used recently for assessing the severity and prognosis of chronic conditions. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) because of its simplicity and affordability stands out. Its applicability to psychiatric disorders specifically Depression is an eye-opener. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), a clinician-based scoring system is better among other self-scoring systems where the study population is semi-illiterate. Materials and Method: Total of 80 patients over a period of 1 year presenting to psychiatric OPD with depressive symptoms were evaluated for the severity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using HAM-D scale. A score of 7-17, 18-24 and >25 was categorised under mild, moderate, and severe degrees respectively. NLR was calculated and was correlated with their severity. Statistical analysis was done using PSPP software and p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of the 80 patients 45 were females and 35 were males. The average age was 35.41 years ± 10.13 SD. 23 patients categorised under mild depression had mean NLR of 1.56 ± 0.46 SD, 40 patients with moderate depression and 17 patients with severe depression had mean NLR of 2.70 ± 1.08 SD and 4.62 ± 1.31 SD respectively. The mean value of NLR for patients of severe depression lied in the Mild-Moderate Inflammation zone (3-7). P-value was <0.05 and was considered significant. Discussion: A novel and easy biomarker like NLR can be as useful as assessing Inflammatory Cytokines like IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α for assessing the severity of MDD. Rise of cortisol in persistent stress favours an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in lymphocytes, and thus, increased NLR. Thus, a rise of NLR with increasing severity of Depression could become a robust tool in future for predicting mortality and severity in patients suffering from MDD.

The Kenyan Government through the Ministry of Education has since independence been committed to improving education and inclusion of children with audio, visual, physical and mental disabilities. Despite the fact that considerable change and growth have been realized since the ratification of treaties such as United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the implementation of inclusive free and appropriate education for learners living with Specific Learning disabilities still remains a challenge. This limits the potential of students with specific learning disabilities especially in mainstream classrooms, to acquire basic literacy skills including spoken language, reading, writing, spelling and comprehension. Literacy skills are key in determining performance in other subjects taught in the school curriculum. The overall objective of this study is the exploration of the application and relevance of the Orton Gillingham structured literacy teaching approach to pupils living with dyslexia in Kenyan public primary schools. This qualitative study used content analysis to explore appropriate teaching methodology to pupils with such challenges. The study analyzed various studies that have been done on the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Orton Gillingham method and its application and relevance to the Kenyan school context.

Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases found in the tropics and subtropics. P. falcifarum resistance to almost all anti-malarial drugs has necessitated the search for anti-malarial compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiplasmodial effects of crude leaf and stem bark extracts of T. avicennioides, a plant utilized by traditional healers in Northern Nigeria to treat malaria and other ailments. Brine shrimp lethality (cytotoxicity) assay and acute toxicity were also evaluated, which are considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity in plant extracts. The median lethal dosage (LD50) was calculated by administering different doses of the extract (100–4000 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to three groups of three mice each for 24 hours and observing the animals for physical sign of toxicity. Three models were employed to assess the extracts antiplasmodial effectiveness in vivo against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei: suppressive, curative, and repository. The leaf and stem bark extracts were found to show significant toxicity to brine shrimp larvae of Artemia salina in the brine shrimp lethality test with LC50 values of >1000 and 29.6 respectively. Excitation, paw licking, and death were symptoms of acute toxicity of the extracts based on physical and behavioral observations. Death was recorded at 1000 mg/Kg of the stem bark extract and the LD50 is ≤100 mg/Kg body weight while for the leaf extract it was estimated to be ≤600 mg/Kg with no death record. In vivo evaluation revealed that the extracts significantly (P <0.05) reduced parasite count in all models (suppressive, curative and prophylactic), with high average percentage inhibition of parasitaemia (54.68, 58.67 and 65.61%) seen in both T. avicennioides leaf and stem bark extracts, which was comparable to that produced by chloroquine and artesunate, respectively (64.31&93.1; 70.08&80.67; 63.40&75.20%). Both extracts had moderate antiplasmodial activity and were non-toxic to mice and brine shrimps. This finding validates the plant's traditional use in malaria treatment.

Guiera senegalensis (“Senegal guiera” in English; “Sabara” in Hausa) (Combretaceae) is traditionally used for various purposes in Africa and other parts of the world with little or no scientific basis. It is thus the aim of this research to evaluate its biochemical and toxicity effects for its medicinal properties, safety, efficacy of treatment, and the optimum dose. The study qualitatively screened for phytochemicals, acute toxicity (LD50) and sub-chronic toxicity indices in the ethylacetate extract of the plant. The result of phytochemical screening revealed G. senegalensis ethylacetate leaf extract to contain some important phytochemical compounds that may attribute to the biochemical properties possessed by the plant. The result of acute toxicity study showed that the plant is practically non-toxic (oral LD50>5000mg/kg) when used for a short period of time and some signs of toxicity on heart in sub-chronic study (on long term of use). Also, the Haematological results indicated that the plant may have some effects on the immune system, might have caused an increase in RBC and haemoglobin production, and may also enhance O2 – transport capacity of the blood. Guiera senegalensis should therefore be used with care when used for a long period of time.

The densities, ρ of pure 1-Hexanol, Benzene and their binary mixture covering the whole composition range have been measured at 303.15 K temperature. Excess molar volumes VmE, partial molar volumes, Vi have been calculated from the ρ data. To obtain correlation coefficients and standard deviations VmE was fitted to Redlich–Kister type function in terms of mole fraction. In the whole range of composition the values of VmE were found to be positive. The positive values of VmE were shown due to depolymerization of the network structures and disrupt their H-bonding and resulting into volume expansion.

Background: The successful implementation of an integrated curriculum in nursing education has been hindered by challenges, primarily faculty resistance due to a lack of familiarity and expertise in integrated module designing. To address this crucial issue, it is essential to empower nurse educators with the necessary knowledge and skills to embrace and implement an integrated curriculum effectively. This project aimed to enhance participants' knowledge of integrated module designing in nursing education through a training workshop. Methodology and Findings: A pre-experimental single-group pretest-posttest design was employed to assess the participants' knowledge before and after the training workshop. The study involved thirty nurse educators from various cities in Pakistan. The effectiveness of the training workshop regarding integrated module designing was evaluated using the paired t-test, revealing a significant difference with a p-value of 0.001. The results indicate that the participants' knowledge increased significantly after attending the workshop. Recommendation: To further reinforce the integration of different subject areas, it is suggested that nursing colleges organize follow-up workshops for facilitating the successful implementation of an integrated curriculum in nursing education.

Ectopic spleen is a condition in which the spleen does not sit in the left hypochondrium but has an atypical, often pelvic, location. We report the case of a 35-year-old patient suffering from chronic abdominal pain for 11 years associated with an episode of hematemesis, pollakiuria and dysuria, with anemia and notion of multiple transfusions. Abdominal ultrasound found an ectopic spleen in the pelvic position, enlarged in size, with multiple collateral venous circulations and extensive partial thrombosis of the splenic vein. A total splenectomy by midline laparotomy was performed. Perioperative exploration found a bulky pelvic spleen with a long and tortuous splenic pedicle, involuted in 3 turns without splenic infarction. When the splenic artery is clamped, the colonic and gastric varicose veins lose half their diameter, so the decision is made to perform total splenectomy. Post-splenectomy antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccination was administered. The follow-up was favorable, with a follow-up of 4 years. The patient was then lost sight of.

Background: The growing level of crimes committed by unscrupulous businessmen related to payments using blank checks or giro drafts makes it important to conduct research whether this includes criminal law in the realm of criminal law or only civil law. Object: The object of this research is a payment crime involving the use of blank checks and demand deposits in a banking environment. The purpose of this analysis is to ascertain whether this is a crime that belongs to the realm of crime or not. Method: The research method used is literature study and relevant data analysis. In this analysis, data were collected on payment crime cases using blank checks and demand deposits, as well as interviews. The data includes statistics, case studies, and reports from law enforcement and related financial institutions. Result: The results of the analysis show that payment traffic using blank checks and giro forms is a form of criminal offense in accordance with articles 378 and 379a of the Criminal Code in Indonesia. Payments using blank checks and demand deposits have a significant impact on banking and society. This crime is detrimental to the parties who become victims, such as traders, entrepreneurs, and individuals who receive payments with these financial instruments. Several factors that influence payment crimes include technological developments, lack of public awareness, ineffective banking supervision systems, and the increased ability of criminals to manipulate financial instruments. In an effort to deal with payment crimes using blank checks and demand deposits, effective preventive measures and law enforcement are needed. These efforts include increasing public awareness of the risks and signs of this crime, increasing the security of financial instruments, cooperation between banks and law enforcement agencies, and using more sophisticated security technology.

Duodenal adenocarcinoma being the most common tumor of the small intestine: 33 to 48%, it remains very rare representing only 0.5% of malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Our retrospective study focused on four cases during the period 2017-2022 with an average age of 53.25 years and a sex ratio of 1M/3F. The clinical signs were varied with a predominance of cholestatic jaundice and a deterioration in general condition. The diagnosis was confirmed thanks to the endoscopy and the anatomopathological study of the biopsies carried out in all our patients. All our patients benefited from a surgical treatment, curative or palliative, which consisted of three cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy and in one case a gastro-jejunal anastomosis. The post-operative follow-up was simple in two patients, one of our patients presented with gastroparesis which progressed well under medical treatment. In addition, we deplore a death which presented a hemoperitoneum related to a hemostasis disorder.

Introduction: Oral diseases being a preventable oral condition and a non-communicable disease could be of little concern but about 3 billion people suffer from these conditions worldwide. This study seeks to evaluate the means and methods of oral hygiene and disease prevention in the city of Douala by adults. The population of Douala is chosen due to the fact Douala is a metropolitan city and most representative of the Cameroonian population in which similar studies have not been carried out. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out with random sampling of 498 participants. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the objectives which included identifying the means and methods used, the behaviors of the population in relation to oral disease prevention, the reasons for the behaviors and the methods and used as well as determining their satisfaction in oral disease prevention using the latter means, methods and behaviors. The data inputted, organized and analyzed using Microsoft excel 2016 and SPSS version 26. In addition to percentages, chi square and regression analyses were carried out and represented for various variables in the questionnaire. Results: It was found out that the population of Douala generally had an above average satisfaction in oral disease prevention due to the use of more conventional means and methods like toothbrushes (94.78%) and bicarbonate mouthwash (27.4%) while the main traditional substance was the neem extract (18.75%), and green tea extracts (16.67%). Their main reasons for using these methods were effectiveness (38.55%), low cost (20.88) and availability (20.08%) with a significant relationship between traditional methods and low cost. Majority of the population used both conventional and traditional methods (55.16%). The studied population show better oral hygiene and disease prevention with a higher level of education and greater monthly allowance. Conclusion: After this evaluation, proper oral healthcare in disease prevention produces satisfaction with oral hygiene at least twice a day with toothbrush and bicarbonate mouthwash, carrying out routine dental visits, participating in sensitization which are directly related to education and finances. In the same light, traditional methods include chew stick, extracts like green tea and neem.