This research is considered important because efforts to resolve general criminal cases in Indonesia through a restorative justice approach can be realized if a regulation of material criminal law can be substantively reconstructed to provide legal certainty for justice seekers in a restorative justice manner. There was a conflict between Das Sein and Das Sollen. There are three problems raised in this dissertation research, which are about how the concept of law enforcement for criminal acts of theft through a restorative justice approach. To analyze these problems used the social legal research method. The results of this study found that the restorative justice approach is to realize the implementation of restorative justice in the settlement of general crimes with substantive legal, progressive, efficient and just powers. Reconstruction of several articles consisting of formal and material laws and regulations as well as law enforcement implementing regulations including the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Prosecutor's Office Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice, Regulations Kapolri Number 14 of 2012 concerning Investigation Management, Kapolri Regulation Number 3 of 2015 concerning Community Policing. The concept of upholding the crime of theft through a restorative justice approach is to realize sentencing efficiency and a change in the sentencing paradigm. Looking at the phenomenon of the Indonesian judiciary which is very crowded from the accumulation of case files as an illustration of the large number of cases in this Republic, the condition of prisons that are over capacity, as well as the increasingly high state budget for financing legal proceedings.

Introduction: Preeclampsia, a dangerous condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, poses risks to both mothers and infants. Understanding the risk factors associated with preeclampsia is essential for effective prevention and management. This study aims to identify and investigate the potential risk factors contributing to preeclampsia in women, with the goal of improving the health outcomes of expectant mothers and their babies. Methods: This study was a case-control study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). The study period spans from 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019. The study population consists of 100 participants, including 50 pregnant normotensive women as the control group and 50 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia oreclampsia as the case group. The Ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: Out of 100 patients, the control group consisted of 30% individuals aged 21-25 years, while the case group had 32% individuals aged 16-20 years. The mean age for the control group was 23.11 years (SD 5.9), and for the case group, it was 24.5 years (SD 6.3). The distribution of study patients based on risk factors reveals statistically significant differences between the control and case groups for the variable’s "gravidity" and "antenatal care" (p < 0.05). The case group had a higher proportion of primigravida (first-time pregnancy) and irregular or no antenatal care. However, no significant differences were observed for the variables "family history of hypertension" and "gestational age" (p > 0.05). In terms of clinical parameters, the case group exhibited significantly higher prevalence of proteinuria at all levels (1+, 2+, and 3+) compared to the control group. The blood pressure readings, both systolic and diastolic, were also significantly higher in the case group. Moreover, the case group had significantly lower serum calcium levels than the control group. These differences were statistically significant with p-values indicating p<0.01 o p< 0.001. Basis on the results the significant risks factors associated with Preeclampsia were observed, Gravidity (p=0.05), Antenatal care (p=0.05), Proteinuria (p=0.001), Blood Pressure-Systolic(mmHg)(p=0.001), Blood Pressuredystonic (mmHg) (p=0.001), Serum Calcium Level (mg/dl) (p=0.001). Conclusion: The study observed Gravidity, Antenatal care Proteinuria, Blood Pressure - Systolic (mmHg), Blood Pressure - dystonic (mmHg), Serum Calcium Level (mg/dl) were the significant factors associated with the Preeclamptic Women in Bangladesh.

Midline cerebral congenital malformations, despite their relative rarity in the general population, with their high rate of Introduction: Postmenopausal bleeding is frequent in gynecology and occurs approximately in 5% to 10% of postmenopausal women. But most of the causes of post-menopausal bleeding are benign and treated conservatively. Women with postmenopausal bleeding have a primary or secondary malignancy of about 10%. So before starting treatment malignancy must be excluded. Common malignancies among them are endometrial or cervical carcinoma and rarely, ovarian cancer. The incidence of malignancy in the postmenopausal period remains sufficiently high, so it requires immediate investigations for early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and vigilant follow-up. The objective of the study is to evaluate the causes of postmenopausal bleeding in tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Delta Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration spanned 12 months from July 2022 to June 2023. The study population consisted of 72 patients who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. The sampling for this study was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review committee of the study hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among 72 cases of postmenopausal bleeding, we found 9 cases of cancer (12.50%). Among them, 2 cases were cancer of the uterine cervix and 7 cases were cancer of the uterine corpus. Benign pathology was more frequent (63 cases: 87.50%), essentially presented atrophic endometritis 15 cases(20.83%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia27.78% cases, endometrial polyp 16.67% cases, endocervical polyp 5.56% cases, cervical polyp 8.33%, leiomyoma found in 5.53% cases and preinvasive disease about 2.78% cases. Histopathological findings in 2 cases of carcinoma cervix were invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 7cases of endometrial cancer were endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cancer increased with advanced age while the incidence of bleeding decreased with age. Within 45 to 65 years of age is more frequent to develop post-menopausal bleeding. Conclusion: Even though causes of post-menopausal bleeding are mostly benign and treated conservatively but malignancy must be ruled out by endometrial and cervical biopsy.

Acute intestinal intussusception is a rare condition in adults. In the majority of cases, it is secondary to a tumor, which can be benign or malignant. Intestinal intussusception caused by a lipoma is exceptionally rare. We report a case of ileocolic intussusception caused by an ileal lipoma.

Based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 Determination of the suspect as one of the objects of pretrial which in practice the trial process presents fact witnesses which has an impact on giving false information as referred to in Article 22 Jo Article 35 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Acts Corruption Crime. This study aims to analyze and find a reconstruction of the determination of the suspect in giving false testimony at the pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Crime Law in Indonesia based on Pancasila justice. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The approach used in this research is social legal research. In this study it was found that the Regulation of giving false testimony at the Pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Crime Law in Indonesia after the Constitutional Court decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 has not been based on Pancasila values of justice, because law enforcement is against witnesses who give false statements in pretrial hearings. Corruption has not been regulated clearly and unequivocally in Article 22 of Law 31/1999, so that in practice there are differences in perceptions between investigators who are given the authority to determine suspects and judges who examine the principal case. Reconstruction of Regulations The regulation for the determination of suspects for giving false testimony at the Pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Law becomes Paragraph (1). Everyone as referred to in Article 28, Article 29, Article 35, or Article 36 who intentionally does not provide information or provides information that is not true, shall be punished with imprisonment for a minimum of 3 (three) years and a maximum of 12 (twelve) years and/or a fine of at least Rp. 150,000,000.00 (one hundred fifty million rupiahs) and a maximum of Rp. 600,000,000.00 (six hundred million rupiahs). Paragraph (2). Punished with the same punishment as paragraph 1 (one) if the act is committed at a pretrial hearing.

Conflicts are a common phenomenon in any given organization including the school system where there is human interaction. There has been persistent public concern on declining teachers’ productivity in public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. This is partly attributable to conflicts. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of negotiation conflict management strategy on teachers’ productivity in public secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted correlational research design and targeted 156 principals and 1783 teachers from 156 public secondary schools. Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula was used to attain a sample size of 427 respondents. The study employed purposive sampling, stratified and simple random sampling approaches. Data was collected using questionnaires. The study used mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages and Pearson Correlation Analysis to analyze data which was presented in tables. The study found out that there was a significant positive correlation between negotiation and teachers’ productivity (r = .525; p = .000) in secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County. The paper concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between negotiation as a conflict management strategy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County showing that negotiation conflict management strategy positively enhances teachers’ productivity in secondary schools. The paper recommends that principals of secondary schools need to adopt conflict management approaches that strongly advocate for negotiation of all arising issues to ensure that compromise is easily reachable. This could be helpful in guiding management decisions and choices as to the most effective conflict management strategies to apply to resolve existing workplace conflicts.

Background and objectives: Increasing prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions makes it imperative to overcome challenges in tooth preparation, isolation and restoration. Bio-active restorative materials are relatively new concepts in dentistry having the potential to prevent secondary caries, a major cause of failure of restorations. Composite resins have the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage leading to marginal gap formation. This study evaluated the marginal microleakage properties of Activa bio-active composite resin using three different adhesives in non- carious cervical lesions. Materials and method: Forty extracted maxillary & mandibular premolars for the study were collected. The specimens were divided into groups (n= 10). Box type class V cavities, 2mm inciso-gingivally, 3mm mesio-distally & 2mm in depth was prepared on the buccal surfaces. Group 1: Activa bio-active resin +No bonding agent, Group 2: Activa bio-active resin +Tetric N-bond, Group 3: Activa bio-active resin +Single bond Universal, Group 4: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond. Restorations were done and samples subjected to thermocycling. They were immersed in Rhodamine B dye solution for 24 hours. The samples were longitudinally sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction with diamond discs, examined under a stereo-microscope with 30x magnification and depth of penetration analyzed. The statistical analysis for microleakage was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney U-tests with the Wilcoxon correction for pair-wise comparisons at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond showed lesser micro-leakage compared to other groups and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Activa bioactive resin with G Premio bond, 8th generation bonding agent showed lesser micro-leakage when compared with 5th and 7th generation bonding agents.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and discover a new concept of the authority of the National Police and the National Narcotics Agency in investigating narcotics crimes based on justice. The approach method used in this research is social legal research. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through literature studies, interviews and questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the authority to investigate narcotics crimes regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is not balanced between the BNN and the National Police. The model of authority to investigate narcotics crimes, especially in the investigation stage by adopting the Pancasila values of justice, so that there is equality between Polri investigators and BNN investigators. In addition to the reconstruction of values, it is also necessary to reconstruct the regulatory norms for investigating narcotics crimes so that they are based on Pancasila values of justice, namely the addition of the word Polri investigator in Article 75, Article 80, Article 86, Article 106, Article 107 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the elimination Article 108 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, so that there is equality of authority between Polri investigators and BNN investigators in investigating narcotics crimes.

The pet industry in Indonesia is a massive emerging industry with lots of target markets to serve. A study estimated that around 67% of Indonesians have pets in 2022, and the number is increasing annually. The phenomenon drove a new startup, Catalogy, to connect pet owners to pet care businesses. However, as a first time business founder, job assignment can be trickier than it seems. A job description is essential to ease job assignment processes inside an organization, yet not every role can receive desirable job assignments. As role ambiguity arises, it is crucial to examine why role ambiguity occurs and how it influences a startup. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to gain insights from various startups. Four startups and Catalogy team members were interviewed to answer the research objectives. From the analysis, there are five factors which trigger role ambiguity: (1) Organizational size, (2) Employee capabilities, (3) Team composition, (4) Job division, and (5) Team management. Furthermore, these five qualities of role ambiguity significantly affect on the overall team performance of the mentioned startups.

This paper discusses the importance of economic diversification for the Natural resource rich nations with a special focus on Saudi Arabia. The paper will concentrate on Saudi Arabia’s efforts to achieve diversification by investing in tourism industry. Natural resources are the real wealth of nations. The availability of resources can directly influence a country's ability to grow. But at the same time a nation's economy may suffer significant and unfavourable repercussions if it is overly reliant on one or two resources, this phenomenon is called as “resource curse”. Economic diversification must therefore be successfully implemented for an economy to enjoy long-term prosperity. Saudi Arabia has made notable efforts in diversifying its economy to reduce its reliance on oil and mitigate the resource curse. With tourism industry being one of the largest non-oil contributors and one of the biggest jobs creating sector, the Saudi Arabian government recognizes the importance and ability of the tourism industry and considers it as one of the prime drivers in efforts of diversifying the economy. The paper will analyse role of tourism marketing in establishing a growing and glowing tourism sector. Finally, we examine the Saudi Arabian government's tourism marketing initiatives and the results it yielded.

This study examined the use of e-learning technologies as predictors of students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions and hypotheses. The population of the study comprised of 14,769 academic staff and SS2 stydents of all the 37 public senior secondary schools in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. The sample size for this study was 1477 respondents, representing 10% of the entire population. The sampling technique was a proportionate stratified random sampling. The instruments were questionnaire and teacher made test, used for the study to generate date. The instruments were validated and it reliability were tested using Kuder Richardson method, which yielded coefficients of 0.84 and 0.82 for The Use of E-learning Technologies Scale (TUETS) and Teacher Made Test Scale (TMTS) respectively. The research questions were answered with the use of simple regression, while the hypotheses were tested with t-test associated with simple regression at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the use of laptop and tablet computers predicts students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Rivers State to a low extent, while smartphone as e-learning technologies predicts students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Rivers State to a high extent. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the government who are the owners of public secondary schools should ensure that all schools have functional laptop computer laboratories, accessible to both teachers and students with trained personnel to help them acquire relevant ICT skills that will aid teaching and learning process for improved academic performance of students. Also, parents should explore all positive means to provide smartphones, constant strong Wi-Fi connection, browsing data, constant power supply for students with strict monitoring by the school PTA to guide, orientate and control students on how they can use the smartphones available to them to their own advantage, as all of these will enhance effective academic learning activities with minimal distraction.

Roland Barthes’ Mythologies perhaps has the singular distinction of having baffled scholars of semiotics/cultural studies or anyone who has taken an interest in the history of French colonialism and its nefarious influence on the ‘empire’ (Algeria, in particular). This article despite its limitations, intends to demystify/unravel some ostensibly innocuous ‘culinary predilections’ in vogue (during the 1950s-1960s and in some cases even germane to the 21st century) in France. In addition to his magnum opus, I will focus on his other significant text on the same topic (and gastro nationalism), Toward a Psychosociology of contemporary food consumption.

Canine Cushing's syndrome, also known as hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies observed in dogs, characterized by elevated cortisol levels. The majority of cases are associated with pituitary tumors, leading to excessive production of corticotrophin (ACTH), thereby stimulating the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol. Clinical manifestations arise from the rise in cortisol concentration and encompass diabetes mellitus, polyuria, and polydipsia. Additionally, prolonged administration of glucocorticoids (iatrogenic) can also contribute to the development of Cushing's syndrome. The surplus cortisol resulting from this condition not only impacts the affected dog's health but also exerts adverse effects on various endocrine systems, leading to anestrus, infertility, premature labor, and high fetal mortality in canines. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these reproductive implications is essential to manage this syndrome effectively. The diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism can be done by patient history, clinical signs, specific endocrine tests, and ultrasonography. Despite its significance, knowledge regarding the reproductive implications associated with Cushing's syndrome remains limited. Hence, this review aims to provide a thorough examination of the changes and challenges related to hyperadrenocorticism in canines, with a particular focus on its impact on the reproductive system. By shedding light on this aspect, the review intends to contribute valuable insights to the existing scientific literature and promote better management of this complex syndrome in dogs.

A major problem for adolescent girls is malnutrition and anaemia. Inadequate nutrition during adolescence has the potential to have a serious negative influence on the reproductive years and beyond. The likelihood that Indian girls would acquire anaemia is doubled since they typically marry and have children before their growth spurt is complete (Chatterjee, 2008). Because of its high nitrate concentration and beta carotene content (19690 mcg/100g), beetroot juice with jaggery aids in the mobilisation of stored iron and increases haemoglobin levels in anaemic people. With its potential to stabilise blood pressure, beetroot juice is used to treat anxiety. In persons with diabetes, it is believed to improve blood flow, lower blood pressure, and improve athletic performance. Because beetroot juice has a diuretic effect and is occasionally combined with Amla juice, eating beets is recommended in cases of gonorrhoea. Heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are all decreased by beetroot juice. Jaggery's high iron and folate content assists adolescent girls with a number of menstruation issues, including easing stomach pain during periods and preventing anaemia by maintaining a proper volume of blood cells. Increased blood counts, better circulation, and a rise in the capacity of erythrocytes to carry oxygen are all results of beetroot juice's assistance in the absorption of iron.

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is most common invasive malignancy of female genital tract. In spite of advances in diagnosis and treatment, incidence of EEC has been rising because of increasing aging population and prevalence of obesity. Therefore, there is need of research exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of EEC and its precursors. Wnt/ β-catenin signaling are involved in the progression and invasion of EEC. However, the potential role of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling and its effectors in endometrial cancer and precursor lesions remains to be investigated. In the present study a total of 95 samples of endometrial biopsies were assessed histopathologically along with β-catenin expression by immunohistochemistry and promoter methylation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene by bisulfite method. Women age ranged from 35 to 70 years whose endometrial biopsy and resected samples were obtained. Expression of β-catenin was observed in 28/39; 72% of EEC, 23/37; 62% of precancer cases and 4/19; 21% of normal proliferative endometrium. APC promoter was completely unmethylated in all controls (14/14) and precancer (10/10) groups, however, only one case (1/13, 8%) of cancer was methylated. The present study showed that expression of β-catenin was upregulated in EEC and precursor lesions suggesting involvement of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling from an early stage of development of cancer from precancer. The information might offer a potential therapeutic target for EEC and could also be used as a screening tool in endometrial hyperplasia (EH) cases for detecting potentially precancerous lesions.