In the present era, the cases of renal diseases are speedily growing and relapses of these diseases are also very frequent. Diuretics in contemporary science, play a major role in the treatment of renal anomalies, but they have side effects too. So, to combat the situation, Ayurvedic Mutral drugs are gaining wide acceptance as they are safe and effective. In Ayurveda, great importance has been given to Mutra and Mutravaha srotas in maintaining the health of an individual. This can be illustrated by the fact that to deal with urinary disorders, Acharya Charak has specifically mentioned the Mutravirechaniya Mahakashaya and Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagbhata have mentioned Veertarvadigana and Trinapanchmoolagana. The herbs of the above-mentioned Kashaya and Gana are used to treat various renal ailments like burning micturition, scanty urine, calculi, etc. Apart from this, they also help to re-establish the normal physiological function of the affected renal tissues and organs. Hence, due to these attributes, they are the components of a wide number of Ayurvedic Mutral formulations. The current review is undertaken for screening the therapeutic action on the renal system of a total twelve herbs, taken from Mutravirechaniya Mahakashaya, Veertarvadigana and Trinapanchmoola gana. Various research studies concerning property of increasing urinary output (Mutral) of such plants are compiled here. These drugs are mostly sheet virya and snigdha guna, so increase the watery content of urine, thereby increasing its amount and flow.

The voluntary and willing participation of followers is a necessary prerequisite for the emergence of the leadership phenomenon. However, followers' view about leaders and leadership is usually overlooked in research. The present study therefore aims to explore teachers' opinions about the ideal school leader and the effect of leadership in education. Data for this study were collected using free text as a research tool and qualitative content analysis as a research method. Findings reflect the leadership models that participants preferred for education, the qualifications that -in their opinion- the ideal leader possesses in a school unit, as well as the influence that they estimated that leadership has in the educational field.

An investigation into the effects of combustible materials on the refractory properties of Ugwuoba clay, using corncob ash has been undertaken. Ugwuoba clay was sourced from Ugwuoba town in Oji River Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria, while corncobs were collected at New Artisan Market in Enugu Metropolis. The clay was processed using standard beneficiation and purification procedures at the Ceramics Department of Projects Development Agency (PRODA), Enugu. The corncobs were calcined into amorphous ash by heating in a furnace at 650oC. The refractory blends were compounded at the ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 for Ugwuoba clay (UGC) to Corncob Ash (CCA) respectively. These blends were subsequently moulded into the standard test pieces for the various properties determination and subjected to firing at temperatures of 900oC, 1000oC, 1100oC and 1200oC. Thereafter, the fired samples were characterized for fired shrinkages, total shrinkages, apparent porosities, water absorption coefficients, apparent densities, bulk densities and cold crushing strengths. The results obtained for each of the blends showed that the values were within the tolerable limits for industrial refractories with the 20%CCA blends showing the best results when compared with the other blends. A conclusion is drawn to the effect that corncob ash can serve as good organic admixtures for refractory bricks production for the lining of melting furnaces in the metals industry, hence opening new frontiers for recycling of these agricultural wastes for environmental safety and economic development in Nigeria.

Background: Lots of religious beliefs and doctrines among clergy in Christianity, Islam and traditional worshippers have determined the outcome of pregnancy and health of pregnant mothers in developing countries making them occasionally go through unnecessary risks of childbirth and postpartum conditions. Hence, a study to assess the influence of belief of religious leaders on the acceptance of Caesarean Section as a choice of child delivery is paramount. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April, 2023 among religious leaders and a total of 422 of them were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: About 164(38.9%) were below 40 years, 272(64.5%) were males, 150(35.5%) were females; majority 273(64.7%) practice Christianity, 138(32.7%) practice Islam; 354(83.9%) belong to the Yoruba ethnic group; more than half of the respondents 293(69.4%) were married; 314(74.4%) had a nuclear family structure; majority 302(71.6%) had tertiary education; 186(44.1%) were employed, 168(39.8%) were self-employed. 372(88.2%) believed that Caesarean sections a method of child delivery; less than half 144(34.1%) believed that Caesarean section is only used for emergency; 151(35.8%) believed that Complications of caesarean section are more than normal vaginal delivery; 198(46.9%) believed that Caesarean section is an easy way of delivery; 82(19.4%) believed that Caesarean section benefits only the mother; 80(19.0%) believed that Caesarean section affects the bonding between mother and child; amongst others. Conclusion: The study reveals that religious leaders in Ogbomoso will require more scientific information about caesarean section, and a significant proportion of them hold misconceptions about the procedure. Nevertheless, the majority of the religious leaders in the study were willing to accept caesarean section as a mode of delivery. Given their role in influencing their members' health-seeking behaviour, religious leaders could play a significant role in improving maternal and child health outcomes in the community by promoting accurate information about caesarean section and encouraging its acceptance.

Ovarian cancer, the fifth most common neoplasia in women, presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment, often resulting in poor prognosis due to advanced stage at diagnosis and limited treatment options. Platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery have been the mainstay treatments, but efforts to improve outcomes with additional cytotoxic drugs have yielded mixed results. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, leading to the investigation of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in delaying disease progression in ovarian cancer. This case report illustrates the successful use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and maintenance therapy with bevacizumab and olaparib in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer, highlighting the potential benefits of this treatment approach in improving survival outcomes.

This study aims to examine the effect of earnings smoothing and dividend policy on tax avoidance practices in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. This study takes population and samples from financial reports and annual reports of manufacturing companies that contain financial transactions in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. The results of this study indicate that earnings smoothing has a significant effect on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. Then, dividend policy has a significant effect on tax avoidance found in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. Furthermore, profit smoothing and dividend policy together have a significant effect on tax avoidance practices.

Background: The decline in kidney function experienced by people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who are chronically ill is known as diabetic nephropathy (DN) or diabetic kidney disease. The condition is known to progress in a number of stages and is related to blood pressure and glycemic management. Nevertheless, despite strict blood sugar management, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients has not decreased over the past 20 years, which has led to the discovery of new risk factors for the illness's development. The medical characteristics of the Paper Flower, Bougainvillea spectabilis, include anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammtory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiulcer capabilities. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, phytobannins, quinones, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids are examples of phytoconstituents that have been claimed to have medicinal characteristics. Method: In the current study, a molecular docking technique was used to try and identify mTORC1protein inhibitors. A grid-based docking strategy was used to determine the binding using the Auto Dock software. Merck Molecular Force Field was used to build the 2D structures of compounds, convert them to 3D, and then energetically reduce them up to arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: The molecular docking of Ferulic acid & Gallic acid with mTORC1 protein showed binding energy (Kcal/mol) -5.37 & -4.56 respectively. Conclusion: Theoretically, all the ligand molecules have shown encouraging docking score. The docking result of ferulic acid revealed that their docking scores was -5.37 kcal mol–1, and it can be predicted as good inhibitor of mTORC1 protein and thereby prevents dysregulation of intracellular protein synthesis and the metabolic balance along with decreasing oxidative stress on the kidney.

This paper aims to critically analyse two conflicting ethical orientations that dominate the debate on the issue of justice in the post-war phase: minimalism and maximalism. The former approach narrows down the scope of the third aspect of just war theory, known as jus post bellum (justice after war), to the restoration of peace and the prevention of future hostilities. In contrast, the latter emphasizes the importance of achieving political objectives via military triumph and the use of force. Furthermore, it underscores the need for conscientious state-building after a military triumph in order to guarantee the welfare of individuals and the effectiveness of the justly established state. In line with Immanuel Kant's philosophy, it argues for minimalism by giving importance to upholding the rights of civilians and prisoners of war while striving to achieve enduring peace. In addition, it analyzes the fundamental concepts of Orend's maximalist approach to peace accords. These principles give priority to social justice, equality, human rights, democratic government, and social and economic progress. Orend's criteria for a fair peace settlement after a morally justified conflict include the vindication of rights, proportionality, discrimination, punishment, compensation, and rehabilitation. It also discusses the justifiability of regime change in this context. In line with Walzer, it contends that instances in which a new regime will be significantly better compared to the old one should be the only ones in which regime change is appropriate.

The compositional range of materials to be welded, the thickness of the base materials, and current type are the main determining variables in the choice of welding. However, thermal expansion in mild steel weldments occurs when the material expands or contracts when subjected to changes in temperature during welding or subsequent heating and cooling cycles. This expansion and contraction can lead to residual stresses, distortion, and even cracking in the weldment if not properly managed. Mild steel, like many other metals, expands when heated and contracts when cooled. One major challenge occurs when during welding, the high temperatures cause the metal to expand in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the weld zone itself, then as the weldment cools down, it contracts, but this contraction might not be uniform due to differences in cooling rates across the weldment. The present study aims to predict the thermal expansion of mild steel weldments in relation to the current, voltage and gas flow rate. The central composite design is used for the design of experiment of 20 experimental runs, while the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the analysis. The model used in the RSM is Quadratic, while the coefficient of determinant, R-Squared of 0.9642, Adj R-Squared, 0.9319, Pred R-Squared, 0.7133, Adeq Precision 22.307 were obtained. There was no outliner which showed that the model adequately predicted the response. The study establishes that thermal expansion of mild-steel weldment can be adequately predicted by applying expect system such as the Response Surface Methodology.

Cervical cancer occurs due to Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and subsequent integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells. The viral proto-oncogenes, mainly E6 and E7, are responsible for the initial changes in the epithelial cells of the transformation zone of the cervix. The viral proteins inactivate two main tumor suppressor proteins, p53, and retinoblastoma (pRb). Inactivation of these host proteins disrupts both the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer among women worldwide, it ranked 14th among all cancers worldwide. There are 500,000 new cases of cancer of the cervix annually, and about 250,000 mortalities all over the world from cervical cancer. About 80% of all these cases occur in low-income countries. In Nigeria, there are 12,075 new cases of cervical cancer and 7,968 deaths due to cervical cancer per year. The study was a cross-sectional type aimed at exploring the knowledge of the participants on cancer of the cervix and their attitude toward cervical cancer screening using a semi-structured questionnaire in FMC Nguru. Results: The total number of participants was 29(n=29). The mean age of the respondents was 20.9 +/-2. 8SD. Concerning the knowledge of cervical cancer among the participants, 27(93.1%) heard of cervical cancer. Most of the respondents do not know the cause of cervical cancer, as only 10(34.5%) know that cervical cancer is associated with HPV. The risk factors for cervical Cancer are not known by most of the respondents as 14(48.3%) agreed that having a relative who had the disease is a risk factor, while only 10(34.5%) agreed that HPV is a cause of the pathology. There was poor knowledge regarding the presentation of cancer of the cervix, abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most popular way of presentation known by 13(44.8%) of the respondents while only 8(27.6%) know that cervical cancer can present with bleeding after sexual intercourse, five of the respondents (17.2%) showed smelling vaginal discharge as the mode of presentation, dysuria by only 2(6.9%). A good number of the participants know about cervical screening 26(89.7%). Twenty-eight respondents (96.6%) are willing to go and have themselves screened for cervical cancer if they are asked to do so, and 27(93.1%) will advise some other people to go for the screening. A good number of the respondents, 27(93.1%) are aware that cancer of the cervix can be prevented. Conclusion: The students had a good awareness of cervical cancer and cancer of the cervix screening and had a positive attitude toward having themselves screened whenever the chance was available, and also had a positive attitude toward being willing to convince other people to go for the screening, but demonstrated less knowledge on cervical cancer causes, risk factors and mode of presentation. Hence there is a window of opportunity to deliver more health education to the students and by extension to the larger population.

The community of Troso Village, Pecangaan District, Jepara Regency, is one of the Restorative Justice Villages in Jepara Province. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance to the restorative justice system to the people of Troso Village. The problem that occurs is the lack of knowledge and understanding of the people of Troso Village regarding restorative justice. The mentoring method is in the form of delivering material face-to-face accompanied by discussions and questions and answers. The result after participating in the mentoring is an increase in the knowledge and understanding of the village community regarding restorative justice. The assistance of the Troso Village community by the service team is the provision of direct consultation and assistance if the Troso Village residents are needed in resolving criminal cases in the village environment through restorative justice.

Background: Sleep quality is one of the important aspects among nurses as it has a significant impact on nurses’ work productivity, and work quality and is found to be associated with quality of life for nurses. Purpose: This study aims to assess the sleep quality among Saudi nurses. Method: This cross-sectional study included 323 Saudi nurses to measure their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The study included 75% female and 25% male, with an advantage for age 25-34 (36.9%). The majority (61.61%) held a bachelor's degree in nursing, 49.11% were unmarried, 46.73% were married, 56.55% had fixed morning shifts, and 43.45% had shift days. 27.08% of participants had experienced 10 to 20 years of working experience. The study found that 67.86% had moderate sleep difficulty, followed by mild sleep difficulty, while only 2.08% had severe sleep difficulty. In addition, It was found that female (176.9) was significantly higher than male (143.3) in sleep difficulty (U=8467, p<0.01=0.002). It was found the distribution is significantly different in terms of age (X2=10.52, p<0.05=0.02), and the post hoc (pairwise test) found that the 25-34 group (185.81) was higher than the 35.44 group (143.79). It was found that shift day (189.32) was significantly higher than Fixed morning shift (152.5) in sleep difficulty (U=1083.5, p<0.01=0.006). It was found that female (176.9) was higher than male (143.3) in sleep difficulty (U=8467, p<0.01=0.006). Conclusion: This study examined Saudi nurses' sleep difficulties and related factors in a specific healthcare setting. The findings highlight sleep difficulties and their causes in this population. The study findings emphasize the need to treat sleep difficulties among Saudi nurses to improve their well-being and job effectiveness. Healthcare organizations should promote sleep hygiene and provide sleep management resources. This may involve mental health education, scheduling changes, and support.

Unassisted home birth exposes mother and child to the most harmful complications. These complications are identified as one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Goal: To study the factors favoring home births in the Monisso health area. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020 in the Monisso health area. Results: The proportion of home births was 80% (N= 210). The reasons given were respectively: the brevity of the labor of delivery (31.55%), the lack of financial means (25.60%), socio-cultural reasons (23.21%), the long distance between the village and the CSCOM (12 .5%), the high cost of delivery costs in the health center (6.55%). Conclusion: Home births are still very common in rural areas, particularly in developing countries.

Disputes are common in construction projects due to their complex nature. However, disputes are costly and it requires more money, time, and resources to find resolutions. By identifying the causes of disputes, project leaders can find measures to prevent or mitigate such possible disputes in construction projects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the major causes of disputes in construction projects. Secondary data from the studies done from 2019 to 2023 were used for this study and the results revealed 50 causes of disputes in construction projects. Further, these causes were categorized into four categories that are client related, consultant related, contractor related, and other causes of disputes. The results of this study show that among the 50 common causes of disputes, 36% is consultant related, and 34% is client related issues. Other than that, 51% of causes of disputes emerge during the pre-contract phase. This study also identified the research gaps and areas that need future studies.

Disputes are common in construction projects due to their dynamic and complex nature. If project leaders ignore finding resolution quickly, these disputes can impact negatively on project performance. Therefore, effective dispute resolution is important for successful project performance and closure as well. This paper comprehensively explores the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques for construction disputes focusing on negotiation, mediation, arbitration, expert determination, and adjudication. The study investigates the effectiveness and applications of each ADR method, emphasizing the advantages of ADR, including time and cost savings, confidentiality, and relationship preservation. This paper provides a better understanding of these mechanisms for anyone involved in construction projects. Furthermore, the paper offers a strategic approach to choosing the most suitable ADR method, considering factors such as financial constraints, organizational dynamics, legal requirements, and the nature of the dispute.