Background: Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a serious problem worldwide and in Bangladesh. It is becoming more common worldwide, and the recent trends confirm a high prevalence of occupational violence against nurses and physicians [1]. The International Labor Office, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International defined workplace violence as using physical or nonphysical power against another person or group that could harm the victims physically, mentally, spiritually, sexually, morally, or socially. About 1.6 million people died worldwide due to workplace violence, and many more became injured or suffered from physical and nonphysical health problems [3]. Objective: The aim was to assess nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence at 250 Bedded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria and assessed the nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of two parts: Demographic variables and knowledge- based information on workplace violence. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the highest age group, 40.91% were within 30-40 years, 86.36% were female, 4.55% were Muslim, 93.64% were married, and 47.27% were Diploma in nursing educational qualification among respondents. The average knowledge score of 68% was a good level of knowledge regarding workplace violence. It may be due to their cooperation. Conclusion: Workplace violence among nurses is a major problem in the workplace. It is also a common global problem, including Bangladesh. The major findings of 68% were good level of knowledge. The government plays an important role in minimizing workplace violence using different approaches.

We report in this article the case of a patient treated for nipple Paget's disease and in whom clinical and radiological investigations found the association of Paget with carcinoma in situ and infiltrating carcinoma of the breast. Paget's disease of the nipple is a rare variant of CIS. It is associated with an underlying breast adenocarcinoma in more than 80% of cases. Its research must be systematic in imaging, namely MRI. The management of Paget's disease depends on whether or not it is associated with carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. Through our case and in the light of the review of the literature, we insist on the particularity of the positive and differential diagnosis of this entity as well as the therapeutic side, the good knowledge of which allows practitioners to make the diagnosis in time and therefore to improve the prognosis of these young patients.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to observe the experience of prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in thyroid swelling. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July, 2021 to December 2022. Total 95 patients with thyroid swelling with normal thyroid hormone profile undergoing thyroidectomy were included as a sample population. Results: Among the 95 patients highest 23 (24.21%) patients age was (31-40) years. highest 55 (58%) patients were female and 40 (42%) patients were male. highest 42 (44%) patients had Only thyroid swelling and similar 42 (44%) patients had both thyroid+Lymph node enlargement. patients highest 90 (95%) patients had local metastatic and only 5 (5%) had distant metastatic. 58.95% had no complication on surgery. Conclusion: From our study we can say that, both the initial treatment and follow-up should be individualized according to prognostic indicators and any subsequent evidence of disease.

This study examined the relationships between different leadership styles and bank performance in Saudi Arabia. The partial least squared was conducted to assess the impacts of autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational leaderships on financial performance of banks using data from 199 responses collected from 7 Saudi banks. The findings revealed that autocratic leadership had a significant positive effect on performance, while democratic leadership's influence was insignificant. Transformational leadership did not significantly impact outcomes despite correlating strongly with democratic leadership. Laissez-faire leadership was found to negatively influence transformational leadership. These findings provide useful insights yet also merit deeper examination of moderating factors. Autocratic leadership appears suitable given local preferences for hierarchy, but risks stifling creativity long-term. Democratic leadership fosters innovation but still be unable to affect positively the decision-making efficiency. Transformational leadership unexpectedly doesn’t positively affect the financial performance of banks in Saudi Arabia.

Mars, our neighboring planet in the solar system, boasts an environment characterized by its unique and ever-changing nature, shaped by a multitude of factors. To comprehend the intricate processes underlying the formation and transformation of Mars' atmosphere and its influence on climate patterns and potential habitability, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of three pivotal elements. The influence of solar wind, a continuous stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun, plays a pivotal role in molding the Martian environment. It triggers atmospheric sputtering, a phenomenon responsible for atmospheric erosion, and contributes to the development of miniature magnetospheres around the planet. The enigmatic Martian magnetic field, although waning in strength, still retains its importance in understanding habitability and the planet's geological evolution. Once generated by a liquid core, this magnetic field provides valuable insights into Mars' history. Dust storms, another remarkable feature, are driven by various factors and influenced by Mars' magnetic field, exerting a profound impact on climate and surface conditions. Their intensity and frequency fluctuate, affecting the planet's overall environment. Additionally, delving into atmospheric escape processes, especially the loss of water, sheds light on the evolution of Mars' atmosphere and its history. In sum, by examining the interplay of these phenomena, we glean invaluable insights into the dynamic nature of Mars and its enduring influence on the planet's ever-evolving environment.

Nanotechnology has attained the valuable significant attention throughout time because to its compelling and pioneering uses in the forthcoming industrial age, particularly in relation to nanomaterials. Nanomaterials find applications in several areas, including agriculture, biomedicine, electronics, energy, transportation, communications, cosmetics, coatings, materials, and mechanical engineering. Numerous techniques have been used to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) with precise control over their form, size, dimensions, and structure. There may be exist two primary methodologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, namely the top-down and bottom-up techniques. These nanoparticles include core/shell (CS) nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs), platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs), and silicon nanoparticles (Si). The physicochemical qualities may vary depending on the size and form of the object. There are many categories of nanocomposites, including ceramic matrix nanocomposites, metal matrix nanocomposites, and polymer matrix nanocomposites. Semiconductor materials have characteristics that lie between those of metals and nonmetals, making them very versatile and widely used in numerous applications, as documented in the literature. Semiconductor nanoparticles have broad bandgaps, resulting in notable modifications to their characteristics via bandgap tuning. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are widely recognized as prominent constituents within the carbon-based nanomaterials category. There are many aspects of the functional nanomaterial needed to explore their chemical and physical potentials for the use in the sub valuable industries areas.

Introduction: The osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur have significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accurate measurements are crucial for the design of femoral components in TKA, which can influence surgical outcomes. This study aims to determine the measurements of different variables of the lower end of the femur, including femoral condylar width, intercondylar width and depth, and the depth of the medial and lateral condyles, in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 dried femurs collected from three medical colleges in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Measurements were obtained using digital sliding calipers and were rounded to two decimal places. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Result: Statistical analysis revealed that 56% of the femurs were right-sided and 44% were left-sided. The mean femoral bicondylar width was 69.78 ± 5.38 mm, falling mostly in the "Above Average" range (30%). The mean intercondylar width was 23.77 ± 1.55 mm, with 50% falling in the "Medium" range. Other variables like femur medial condylar width had a mean of 31.05 ± 1.74 mm. Conclusion: Observationally, the study successfully delineates the osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur in a Bangladeshi cohort. The statistical results not only fulfill the study's initial aim but also provide a nuanced understanding of the osteometric variations. These findings are instrumental for clinicians in the design and customization of femoral components in TKA, thereby potentially enhancing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. The data also lay the groundwork for future research in this area.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA, approximately 18-23 nucleotides that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of complementary mRNAs. MiRNAs have been found to play a critical role in a broad spectrum of biological processes, such as developmental timing, cell death, cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, and nervous system patterning. Here, we aimed to investigate the possible upregulation of miR-141 in cervical cancer cells and to confirm the influential role of miR-141 in cervical cancer cell proliferation. The level of miR-141 in HeLa cells has been assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell morphology and a number of living HeLa cells were achieved upon transfection with either precursor miR-141 (pre-miR-141) or a specific inhibitor. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production were monitored to assess the potential toxic effect of miR-141 in cancer cells. ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced cytokines from transfected HeLa cells. Notably, the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HeLa cells compared to the normal cervical HCK1T cell line. Transfection of HeLa cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a potent effect on cancer cell viability, unlike the transfection of pre-miR-141. HeLa cells transfected with pre-miR-141 showed decreased levels of interleukin 13 (IL-13). Meanwhile, the transfection of miR-141 specific inhibitor showed an increasing level of produced IL-10 and a decreasing level of IL-10, indicating the role of miR-141 in avoiding programmed cell death in HeLa cells. Together, these data uncover the role of miR-141 in supporting cervical cancer progression and provide miR-141 as a believable therapeutic target.

This study investigates the impact of external debt on the economic growth of Laos, with a specific focus on the evolving structure of external debt in the country spanning 1995 to 2020. It employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to establish long-term cointegration among key economic variables. The variables under scrutiny include human capital, labor force participation, external debt, inflation, and exchange rates, which are analyzed for their roles in shaping economic growth in Laos. In the long term, the study identifies robust and statistically significant relationships. Notably, human capital and the labor force emerge as influential drivers of economic growth, with coefficients of 2.0594 and 0.0591, respectively. Conversely, there is a substantial negative correlation between the external debt ratio per GDP and inflation rate with economic growth. This indicates that increases in these variables are associated with diminished economic expansion over time. In the short term, the study reveals that human capital and labor force participation positively impact Laos' economic growth. In contrast, the short-term effects of the external debt ratio, inflation rate, and exchange rate are adverse, indicating potential economic challenges that need to be addressed promptly. Based on findings, this study provides valuable insights into the determinants of economic growth in Laos, both in the long and short terms. These findings can inform policymakers and researchers in the development of more effective economic strategies, taking into account Laos' unique economic context.

Objective: To assess the effects of 0.20 mg of mitomycin C washing on the pterygium recurrence. Methodology: A total of 15 individuals were included in this observational retrospective analysis. They underwent pterygium surgery using 0.20 mg of mitomycin C and a graft. The postoperative care given to each group was the same. Results: There were no recurrences, with a P-value of 0.000. Conclusion: This case series indicates that just washing the bare sclera with MMC is effective against recurrence.

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the literature to provide a thorough understanding of the origins and development of management accounting, which has experienced increased popularity, particularly in the past twenty years. This paper undertakes a critical examination of the extensive criticism around the perceived decline in the relevance of management accounting in effectively improving performance within the context of a contemporary, dynamic company environment. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the simultaneous utilization of both classic and contemporary management accounting procedures. The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the prevailing degree of interest in the adoption of management accounting methods in both developed and emerging nations. The examination of relevant literature has yielded a critical analysis that indicates the origins of management accounting may be traced back to the industrial revolution that occurred in the 1900s. The study also indicated that management accounting is subject to ongoing development as organizations encounter novel challenges requiring resolution. Furthermore, it was found that management accounting approaches employed in the early 1900s remain relevant and useful in contemporary contexts. The school of thinking that argues for the diminished significance of management accounting has been refuted on the basis that classic management accounting practices employed in the 1900s continue to hold relevance in contemporary times. The study proposes the use of management accounting practices as they enhance the organization's competitive advantage and generate value.

The study concludes that the adoption of electronic attendance systems in Saudi Arabia's healthcare sector has transformed personnel management and brought about a new era characterized by precision, efficacy, and financial constraint. The study highlights the advantages of these solutions, such as enhanced attendance record accuracy, promptness promotion, and better job satisfaction. The study also looks at the financial effects of using computerized attendance systems, such as cost reductions and efficient resource management. Overall, the report highlights how the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector has undergone a revolutionary transition and how electronic attendance systems have been crucial in modernizing the healthcare system.

Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in developed countries. In acute ischemic stroke, the standard treatment is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The benefits of the treatment depend on the time of administration, the earlier it is administered, the greater its benefit. There are limited studies on the retrospective outcome of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke outside of clinical trials. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical data of 40 patients over 7 years who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke at the AHEPA University Hospital in Greece. From January 2013 to December 2020, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted and treated. Computed tomography (CT) was performed at 24 h after thrombolytic treatment or earlier in case of neurological worsening. The hospital had 3 months follow-up at the stroke clinic and data consisting of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality were reviewed in the medical records from the stroke clinic. The clinical outcome of functional independence defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 3 months was evaluated. Safety outcomes were in-hospital mortality, mortality at 3 months, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) defined by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria. The main finding of the present study, that there was an overall reduction in the NIHSS scale after thrombolysis, proves that the patients showed improvement after performing thrombolysis. Consequently, from the total of 40 thrombolysis performed at the clinic, it can be concluded that most patients had a good outcome.

In this study, influence of varied copper addition on the mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics of grey cast iron (GCI) was investigated. As-cast unalloyed and 0.035 wt. %, 0.65 wt. % 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % copper alloyed GCI samples were produced using rotary furnace. Chemical compositions of the samples were determined by Optical Emission Spectroscopy using ARL QuantoDeskSpectro analysis machine. Tensile and hardness measurements were made using INSTRON tensile testing machine- model 3369 and Universal Rockwell hardness testenr- model 8187LKV respectively. Samples’ characterization was done using Philips SEM (XL30 TMP). And electrochemical measurement was determined using AUTOLAB PGSTAT 204N instrument. From the results, the as-cast unalloyed, 0.035 wt. % and 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI samples revealed lamella graphite in pearlite matrix, short flake graphite in pearlitic-ferrritic matrix, Type A flake graphite in pearlitic-ferritic matrix and long flake graphite in ferritic-pearlitic matrix respectively. Tensile, hardness and elongation properties of the copper GCI samples ranked superior over the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Optimum tensile value 158.26 N/mm2 and hardness value 447.4 HRC were revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu, and optimum ductility value of 2.79% was revealed by the 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. In general, copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. The copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative as compared to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Least corrosion rate of 0.0011297 mm/yr with polarization resistance of 174.58 Ω was revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. Hence, it is most suitable in application requiring high to moderate strength is marine environment.

The reuse of recycled aggregates in the composition of concrete is a major challenge today in response to the high cost of construction and the environmental impact of waste This work evaluates the the physic-mechanical properties of concrete using recycled building demolition aggregates and bituminous concrete of pavements in the Republic of Congo. The idea was to check whether these recycled aggregates can have the same performance as when they were first used in concrete. From the results obtained, the recycled building aggregates have good mechanical strength according to the Los Angeles (32.5%) and Micro-Deval (29.3%) tests. Concrete made from building demolition aggregates (CRA1#) has a 28-day compressive strength of (28.8MPa), which is very close to that of the CNA# control concrete (31.11MPa). Concrete incorporating a mixture of asphalt concrete and building demolition aggregates (CRA3#) has a compressive strength of 20.32MPa. In terms of compressive strength, only CRA1# and CRA3# can be used as class C25 concrete for CRA1# and C20 for CRA3#.