Background: Stroke is a significant global health concern, particularly in countries like Bangladesh experiencing a rise in non-communicable diseases. The impact of stroke disabilities is profound, affecting both patients and their caregivers. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of caregivers in alleviating symptoms among post-stroke disabled individuals. Method: A two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted over 12 weeks (July 2022-july 2023). 51 Participants, recruited from tertiary hospital departments, met specific eligibility criteria. They were assigned to either a control, n=26 or intervention group, n=25, receiving either standard care or a caregiver-mediated rehabilitation program, respectively. Assessments were conducted at baseline and endpoint, evaluating various functional and quality-of-life measures. Results: In the study, 30 out of 51 participants were male, constituting 58% of the sample, while the remaining 41% were female. Among the cohort, 24 individuals, making up 47% of the total sample, experienced right hemiplegia. Furthermore, a significant portion of the participants, 38 out of 51 individuals, accounting for 75%, resided in households featuring mobility obstacles such as raised doorsteps between rooms. Additionally, it was observed that 71% of the caregivers were spouses of the patients. In the intervention group, significant enhancements were observed in various domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), including strength, mobility, composite physical function, and general recovery, with p-values indicating statistical significance (< 0.001). Marginal improvements were also noted in the domains of activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), hand function, communication, and social participation, albeit with slightly higher p-values (0.022 to 0.030). Conversely, the control group did not exhibit significant within-group effects across these domains. When comparing caregiver burden scores between the control and intervention groups, although there were no statistically significant differences observed in the Total Burden, General Strain, and Disappointment domains, the Intervention Group displayed slight improvements in Isolation, Emotional, and Environment domains compared to the Control Group, despite these differences not reaching statistical significance. These findings indicate the multifaceted impact of the caregiver-mediated, home-based intervention on both post-stroke patients' functional outcomes and caregiver burden. Conclusion: Caregivers are essential in post-stroke care, and supporting them is vital for holistic patient support. The 12-week caregiver-mediated rehabilitation program demonstrated effectiveness in improving physical functional recovery, underscoring its practical value for chronic stroke patients.

Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.), a member of the Tiliaceae family, is a remarkable fruit-bearing shrub with significant medicinal and nutritional value. Originating in South Asia, it has gained popularity worldwide, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions. This review comprehensively examines the botanical characteristics, medicinal properties, nutritional composition, cultivation practices, and challenges faced by Phalsa growers, with a focus on its potential for crop improvement through mutagenesis and polyploidization techniques. With around 150 species, Grewia is the sole genus in the Tiliaceae family that produces edible fruit. Phalsa bushes, known for their rapid growth, yield orbicular fruits with moderately acidic yet nutritious pulp. The fruit is esteemed for its medicinal benefits, ranging from anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties to its use in treating various respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. Despite its nutritional and medicinal significance, Phalsa cultivation faces challenges such as poor post-harvest management, limited germplasm diversity, and abiotic stress susceptibility. To address these challenges and enhance Phalsa's agricultural potential, mutagenesis and polyploidization techniques have been explored. Induced mutagenesis offers a promising avenue for creating genetic diversity and improving traits such as stress tolerance and disease resistance. However, culture contamination remains a significant obstacle in achieving optimal shoot initiation and propagation efficiency. Overall, this review underscores the importance of Phalsa as a valuable crop with immense medicinal and nutritional benefits. By leveraging mutagenesis, polyploidization, and tissue culture techniques, Phalsa growers can overcome existing challenges and unlock its full agricultural potential, contributing to food security and public health.

Syzygium cumini L., known commonly as jamun, is a fruit tree with significant adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, particularly saline soils. This review comprehensively explores the adaptation mechanisms of jamun to saline environments and its agricultural significance on a global scale. Given the increasing soil salinization worldwide, understanding the resilience of crops like jamun is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices in salt-affected regions. Jamun is native to the Indian subcontinent but has been cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Its ability to withstand various abiotic stresses, especially soil salinity, makes it an ideal candidate for cultivation in areas prone to such conditions. This review highlights the physiological and biochemical responses of jamun to high salinity, including ion regulation, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant activity. These mechanisms help the plant maintain growth and productivity in environments where many other crops fail. Additionally, the review discusses the importance of jamun in traditional medicine and its nutritional benefits, emphasizing its potential for enhancing food security in saline-affected areas. The fruit's rich composition of vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals underscores its nutritional value, making it a beneficial addition to the diet in regions with limited crop diversity due to salinity. Furthermore, the paper addresses the agricultural practices conducive to maximizing jamun's yield in saline environments, including suitable propagation techniques and water management strategies. It also explores the genetic diversity within Syzygium cumini species, which could be leveraged to breed varieties with enhanced salt tolerance and better fruit quality. In conclusion, the global cultivation of jamun not only contributes to biodiversity but also offers a viable solution for agricultural productivity in salt-impacted soils. Continued research and development efforts are essential to optimize cultivation practices and expand the use of jamun in saline agriculture.

Although present since historic times, cell blocks have still been on a back seat when it comes to diagnostics, despite having immense potential. Cell block preparations made from sedimented cells can be a useful adjunct to routine cytological methods. We, thus, present a case of a 76-year-old female who would have not been treated on time, if a cell block hadn’t been attempted.

William Shakespeare's plays are renowned for their portrayal of complex and compelling female characters. In both his tragedies and comedies, Shakespeare challenges traditional gender roles and stereotypes, presenting women who are intelligent, independent, and assertive. This study examines the roles of women in Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies, focusing on the plays "Macbeth," "Hamlet," "Othello," "Twelfth Night," "Much Ado About Nothing," and "A Midsummer Night's Dream." The objective of this study is to analyze the portrayal of women in Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies, exploring how their characters challenge traditional gender roles and stereotypes. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, analyzing the text of the plays to identify key themes and character traits associated with the female characters. The analysis includes a comparison of the portrayal of women in the tragedies and comedies, highlighting differences and similarities in their roles and behaviors. The analysis reveals that women in Shakespeare's tragedies are often portrayed as victims of male ambition and jealousy, while women in his comedies are depicted as witty, intelligent, and independent. Overall, Shakespeare's female characters challenge traditional gender roles and stereotypes, presenting a more nuanced and empowering view of women. Women play crucial roles in Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies, challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes. The study highlights the importance of considering the context of Shakespeare's time when analyzing his portrayal of women, as well as the enduring relevance of his female characters in modern society.

The objectives of this research are to analyze and find weaknesses in the current regulations for storing notarial deed minutes and to find a reconstruction of regulations on the legality of electronically storing minutes of notarial deeds based on the value of justice in a constructivism paradigm with a social legal research approach method to solve research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by finding legal realities experienced in the field as well as qualitative descriptive methods, namely where The data obtained is then arranged systematically so that a comprehensive picture will be obtained, where later the data will be presented descriptively. Research results show that the Weaknesses consist of (a) Legal structure where there are no communication and informatics experts which means electronic storage of certificate minutes cannot be implemented (b) Legal substance including unclear norms in UUJN Article 15 paragraph (3) UUJN, Unclear norms in UUJN no. 2 of 2014 Article 1 number 13. Weaknesses in proving Article 1868 of the Civil Code. (c) Legal Culture, namely the difficulty for senior notaries to understand new technology and tend to stick with old technology. Therefore, the reconstruction of Pancasila values in the electronic storage of deed minutes creates an electronic notary system because it can create a product that is more accurate, relevant, economical, trustworthy, faster, and more practical. Reconstruction of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Article 1 number 7 so that the Minutes of Deed are the original Deed containing the signatures of the presenters, witnesses, and Notary, which are stored in paper form and/or in the form of an electronic document as part of the Notary Protocol. Article 16 paragraph (1) letter b becomes (1) In carrying out his office, a Notary is obliged to: b. make deeds in the form of deed minutes and/or deed e-minutes and save them as part of the Notary's protocol.

This research aims to analyze and find the weaknesses in the regulation of reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law in Indonesia currently and to reconstruct the regulations for reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law in Indonesia based on the value of justice using a constructivist paradigm with a socio-legal research approach method by examining secondary data and primary data by finding legal realities experienced in the field as well as a qualitative descriptive method, namely where the data obtained is then arranged systematically so that a comprehensive picture will be obtained, where later the data will be presented descriptively. The results of the research shows that the Weaknesses in the regulation of reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law in Indonesia consist of: a). Legal Substance where Article 19 letter (f) Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 and Article 116 letter (f) b). The Legal Structure consists of the weaknesses of the judge and the Weaknesses of the Mediator c). The legal culture where the husband's actions are super powerful, the increasing number of media broadcasting or presenting divorce issues, a cultural shift that exists where divorce is not considered taboo in society. Therefore, The reconstruction of the regulation of reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law in Indonesia based on the value of justice consists of a value reconstruction where improvements are made to Article 19 letter (f) of Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 concerning the Implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Article 116 letter (f) of the Compilation of Islamic Law so that continuous disputes as a reason for divorce can be in line with the objectives of Islamic sharia (maqashid syari'ah) being implemented. Reconstructing norms regarding Article 19 letter (f) Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 concerning Implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Article 116 letter (f) Compilation of Islamic Law and Point C of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 by adding norms for divorce cases based on continuous disputes and quarrels can be granted if it is proven that the husband and wife have continuous disputes and quarrels which results in damage to religion, soul, reason, lineage and property which causes disharmony in the household.

Atypical giant parathyroid adenoma is a rare tumor with unusual histological features, an unusual presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism but more elevated laboratory findings and more severe clinical presentation due to larger tissue mass, and defined as weighing>3.5 g, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with a palpable neck mass, fatigue, persistent hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and asymptomatic renal stones, Ultrasound showed a left-sided solid nodule, and Sestamibi nuclear scan showed a giant parathyroid adenoma. The diagnosis of giant atypical parathyroid adenoma was confirmed after surgical excision size (3.5*1.5cm). We discuss the investigations, treatment, and outcome of this rare case and highlight the importance of long-term follow-up care.

This paper analyses vibration of uniform flexible simply supported rectangular isotropic beam under large deformation with uniformly distributed mass elements. The method of equivalent pseudolinear systems was employed. The deformation of the beam was assumed to be large and the beam was also assumed to be inextensible. The expressions for elastic and nonlinear bending moments were determined. The numerical values of horizontal displacements of the movable support, and the equivalent lengths at various depth-to-breadth (aspect) ratios were determined. The corresponding equivalent pseudolinear systems for various nonlinear bending moment diagrams at various aspect ratios were determined. Consequently the concentrated loads yielding the equivalent pseudolinear systems were converted to point masses using the gravitational acceleration; and subsequently a unit load system was applied successively and independently at each mass point. The Vereshchagin’s method was applied to determine the displacements for canonical equations of motion. Non-trivial solution of the canonical equations at each aspect ratio was sought for the desired eigenvalues. The first mode frequencies at aspect ratios, β = 1.00 and β = 1.25 are complex eigenvalues. Also the natural frequencies exhibit hard-spring type with aspect ratios; and the fundamental frequencies for all the aspect ratios are at seventh mode. Conclusively, the dynamic stability of the flexible rectangular beam of 0.25m-breadth and 15m-undeformed length is not guaranteed when the aspect ratio is less than or equal to 1.25. It is also concluded that deepness of the flexible rectangular beam loaded with uniformly distributed mass elements influences the vibratory characteristics.

In this study an attempt has been made to study the attitude of the higher secondary school teachers towards the implementation of sex education at higher secondary level in Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India. For this purpose, 380 higher secondary school teachers were randomly selected and attitude towards the implementation of sex education scale administered to them. To study the significance of difference between the various groups, ‘t’ test was applied by the researcher. The overall results indicate that the higher secondary school teachers (both urban and rural) possess highly favourable attitude towards the implementation of sex education. And there is no significance difference in the attitude of higher secondary school teacher towards the implementation of sex education in relation to their gender (i.e. male and female), locality (i.e. rural and urban) and stream (i.e., arts, science and commerce).

The issue of elderly care resulting from the aging population in East Asia has garnered significant attention, with a growing emphasis on disease prevention over treatment. The integration of health Qigong with traditional Chinese medicine and exercise offers long-term benefits for the physical form and function of middle-aged and elderly individuals. Due to its distinctive philosophy and aesthetic characteristics, health Qigong has gained prominence both domestically and internationally, serving as a medium for promoting health communication and enhancing population health levels. In an aging society, incorporating culture into the communication process of health Qigong along with narrative content is an effective approach to foster health communication. By integrating aesthetic principles into research, this study analyzes three dimensions: 1) physical health; 2) cultural aspects; 3) kung fu philosophy. Consequently, it proposes an aesthetic narrative strategy for health communication that encompasses embracing one's age, appreciating cultural perspectives, and valuing simplicity.

The main cause of chronic HBsAg carriage is mother-to-child transmission. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus in newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2021 at the CSREF in Commune V. Sampling was exhaustive, and all newborns whose mothers were carriers of hepatitis B were included in the study. Results: One hundred and twenty newborns out of 3197 referred from the maternity unit, representing a frequency of 3.7% of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Eighty newborns were included. The other 40 were not included because the mothers refused. Among the mothers, 11/80 tested positive for HBeAg and anti-HBs, with 2 positive results (18.18%). Twelve pregnant women had viral load tests, with two positive results (16.66%). Six of the 80 pregnant women had received tenofovir during pregnancy (7.5%), and all the newborns had negative HBsAg results at 4 months of age. Conclusion : Low realization of viral markers of hepatitis B and treatment during pregnancy.

Background: The cephalic index and head circumference are important anthropometric parameters that can provide insights into the physical characteristics and growth patterns of populations. There is dearth of data on Cephalic Index and Head circumference of Igbo Children and Adolescents. Method: This study examined 725 Igbo children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria, using a cross-sectional approach. Results: The majority of participants exhibited mesocephalic head shape (43.2%), with brachycephalic and dolichocephalic shapes observed in 32.7% and 14.2% of the population, respectively. Mean head circumference increased with age in both sexes. Cephalic indices in boys under 12 and girls under 15 were below 80 but increased above these ages. Changes in head shape, potentially towards brachycephalization, were noted as children grew. Significant correlations were found between head circumference and cephalic index with age, height, weight, and body mass index, suggesting their relevance in forensic and anthropological investigations. Conclusion: Our results indicate diversity in head shapes and sizes, with mesocephalic heads being most common. As age increases, head circumference also tends to increase, and changes in head shape towards brachycephalization was observed. These findings underscore the importance of understanding anthropometric variations in different populations and suggest avenues for further research, particularly longitudinal studies, to explore the factors influencing these patterns.

Background: This study aimed to assess the awareness of nurses who care for pediatric patients related with drug preparation and administration conducted in Gaffer Bin Auf children hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2015, in Gaffer Bin Auf children hospital, largest pediatric hospital in Khartoum state. The total sample size was 92 participants. The self-administered questionnaire was constructed with a total of 26 questions. For data analysis, we performed nonprobability descriptive study design. Results: The results imply that Majority of respondents aged between 20-30 years (56.5%). Approximately half of the nurses held a bachelor’s degree (52.2%), while the remainder held a diploma (47.8%). A significant proportion of nurses (83.7%) reported no prior training in drug preparation and administration. Most nurses (46.7%) had 2-5 years of clinical experience, and 69.6% worked afternoon and night shifts. Regarding drug preparation and administration, varying levels of knowledge were observed among nurses. Notable percentages of nurses demonstrated awareness in areas such as double-checking during preparation (56.5%) and using distilled water or normal saline for non-contraindicated suspension drugs (56.5%), nurse answered can avoid a mistake during Preparation by prepare medication for one individual at a time with (90.2%), most of nurses have good level of knowledge regarding to drug preparation & administration practice with (65.6%). bachelor's degrees are more likely to demonstrate proficient drug preparation and administration practices compared to those with diplomas, with a significant difference of 94% (p=0.047, AOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.1). This research indicating that bachelor's degree nurse graduates generally exhibit better educational preparedness for quality and safety. Additionally, participants working morning shifts are 3.4 times more likely to exhibit good drug preparation and administration practices compared to those on night shifts (p=0.011, AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.1), and 4.6 times more likely compared to those on afternoon shifts (p=0.015, AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 9.2). Participants with good knowledge of drug preparation and administration practices are 2.614 times more likely to exhibit proficiency compared to those with poor knowledge (p<0.001, AOR: 2.614, 95% CI: 1.78, 3.90). Conclusion: The study revealed significant insights into the demographic characteristics, educational backgrounds, and practices related to drug preparation and administration among nurses. Despite a substantial portion reporting no prior training, varying levels of knowledge were evident, with most nurses demonstrating awareness in key areas such as double-checking during preparation and using appropriate solutions for suspension drugs. While there are areas for improvement, the findings suggest a solid foundation of knowledge among nurses regarding medication safety, highlighting the importance of ongoing education and fostering a culture of continuous learning within healthcare ..............

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the commonest endocrine thyroid malignancy. The concurrent incidence of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent finding. Surgical treatment via excision is the only definitive management approach. Here in we present a case report of intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma with incidental papillary micro carcinoma in a 36 year-old-female who initially presented with osteoporosis.