Inflammasome protein cascades are very crucial as endogenous defence mechanisms. Nevertheless, their deregulation usually exacerbates deleterious chronic diseases. It is a large multicomplex cytosolic protein that plays a vital role in the innate immune system, therefore, acting as a vital mediator in the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 are produced as a result of inflammatory reactions triggered by key inflammasomes. Notably, rheumatoid arthritis is largely caused by inflammasomes, particularly NLRP1 and NLRP3, which cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage by releasing cytokines that promote bone resorption and cartilage degradation. The development of stroke is facilitated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes inflammation and neuroinflammation, both of which cause brain damage. The pathogenesis of hypertension are significantly influenced by inflammasomes, especially NLRP3, which promote oxidative stress and inflammation, which worsen high blood pressure, cause cardiac fibrosis, and contribute to vascular and renal dysfunction. In asthma, inflammasomes primarily cause tissue damage and airway inflammation by activating NLRP3, which in turn causes the release of IL-1β and IL-18. This activation worsens asthma symptoms like inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness while also boosting immunological responses, especially in Th2 and Th17 cells. The mechanisms governing inflammasome construction and activation, as well as the possibility of targeting inflammasomes to treat a variety of disorders, have thus become the focus of more recent study.

I present several ideas to stimulate the readers’ curiosity so that they seek, find, and modify their inner world. I present an analysis of the relationships between the Ladder model of Plato’s Cave, Schopenhauer Representations and Nietzsche’s master and slaves. The impossibility of knowing how similar my normal state of consciousness is to the state of consciousness of other human primates is disputed. The existence of different levels of understanding is abundantly exemplified. The generation and destruction of the Demons within us is analyzed in detail. Their destruction is a necessary step in progressing into the higher states of consciousness of the human mode. I reaffirm my ideas that the history of human primates is created by the actions of some individuals and never of the masses. I comment on the role of 'fear' in the development of the first cosmogonies.

This study explores the evolving intersection of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and technological innovation through a quantitative approach, aiming to assess the impact of emerging technologies on the implementation and effectiveness of GHRM practices in organizations. As businesses increasingly prioritize sustainability, GHRM has become a strategic tool for integrating environmental objectives into human resource policies. Simultaneously, rapid technological advancements—such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT)—are reshaping how organizations manage green initiatives and engage employees in sustainable practices. Using survey data from a diverse sample of organizations across multiple industries, this research quantitatively analyzes the relationship between the adoption of specific technologies and the success of GHRM practices, including green recruitment, eco-friendly training, performance appraisals, and employee involvement in sustainability efforts. Statistical techniques such as regression analysis and structural equation modeling are employed to test hypotheses regarding the influence of technological innovation on organizational green performance outcomes. The findings provide empirical evidence on how technology can enhance the effectiveness of GHRM initiatives, uncover potential barriers to adoption, and suggest strategies for overcoming these challenges. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the integration of sustainability and innovation in HR practices. It offers valuable insights for both academic researchers and practitioners aiming to foster more environmentally responsible organizations.

Fresh water aquaculture is considered as the most prominent type of aquaculture in the world. Nile tilapia aquaculture is favored because it can adopt to wide range of environments and can tolerate various abiotic stresses. However, the success, profitability of aquaculture and nutritional composition of fishes depends upon nutritional values of meal provided to them. For this purpose, aquafeeds industries are trying to prepare complete meal for favorable nutrition. An experiment was performed to examine the effectiveness of five biochar experimental diets on growth, body composition, hematological and mineral content of Nile tilapia fingerlings. These fingerlings were acclimatized for ten days under laboratory conditions and were fed with commercial diet. After acclimatization 30 fingerlings were distributed randomly in each tank and there were three replicates of each experimental diet. Fingerlings were fed with their respective biochar experimental diet twice a day for 60 days. Data were recorded for growth, body composition, hematological and mineral content attributes. Analysis of data revealed that D3 (CCBC) experimental diet performed exceptionally well for all growth, hematological and mineral attributes of Nile tilapia. D3 caused 44% increase in final weight and provided highest value of SGR (0.96) as compared to controlled. D3 (CCBC) fed fingerlings also showed significant increase in RBC’s, WBC’s, platelates, hemoglobin and PCV. Supplementation of 2% CCBC also provided the maximal absorption efficiency of minerals (Ca, Na, K, Fe and Zn). So form these findings it can be assumed that supplementation of 2% CCBC has the potential to be used as envirnonment friendly, cost effective and sustainable supplement in Nile tilapia diets.

This study examines the causal influence among Innovative Investments and the productivity of manufacturing firms in Nigeria (2010-2023). Manufacturing output was utilised as measure of production of manufacturing firms, while Investments on Research & Development (IRD), Investments on New Equipment & Technology (INET), likewise Investments on Employee Skills & Knowledge Development (IESKD), were utilised as proxies of innovative investments, with their data sourced from the annual reports and accounts of 15 selected manufacturing firms quoted in the Stock Exchange Group. The structural equation was estimated utilising the Pairwise Granger Causality technique. The Pairwise Granger Causality results, reveal that only Investments on Research & Development, substantially promote manufacturing output in Nigeria, while manufacturing output substantially supports INET. Therefore, the study concluded that only investments on employee investments on research and development among the selected elements of techno-innovative investments strongly determine the promotion of manufacturing output in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommended that: Research and Development departments of manufacturing firms should embark on increasing investments on R&D that only align with both short and long-term goals of their firms, capable of yielding remarkable results. Also, the manufacturing firms should priorities investments on either to make or acquire new equipment and machines capable of boosting the production. In addition, the personnel department should intensify the development of employees with relevant productive skills and knowledge.

Background: Clinical confidence, a subset of general confidence, is vital in healthcare. For nursing students, developing clinical confidence is essential as it directly affects their competence in providing care, ability to handle stress, and overall professional growth. Objective: To assess the level of clinical confidence among Level III nursing students at Jose Rizal University during their psychiatric ward clinical rotation. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling was the method used to obtain responses and out of the one hundred sixteen (116) level III nursing students, ninety (90) students were selected as respondents. The thirty (30) remaining students served as respondents for the pilot study. The study modified and adapted the questionnaire from an Australian survey by Mr. Thomas Cowley entitled “Evaluation of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Clinical Confidence Following a Mental Health Recovery Camp,” published on February 01, 2016. From the adapted and modified questionnaire, a Google form survey was used in the study to collect data on respondents' clinical confidence in the psychiatric ward. The data for level III nursing students at Jose Rizal University was collected on June 21, 2024. Results: Most of the student population falls within the 19-21 age range. 65 are female, accounting for 72.2% of the population. Level III nursing students at Jose Rizal University exhibit strong clinical confidence in seeking support (WM = 4.29, SD = 0.69) and managing client relationships, including empathizing with clients (WM = 4.20, SD = 0.67) and establishing boundaries (WM = 4.20, SD = 0. However, they indicate a need for improvement in medication knowledge (WM = 3.76, SD = 0.69) and patient education (WM = 3.88, SD = 0.70). Additionally, it revealed no significant difference in clinical confidence levels among Level III nursing students assigned to the psychiatric ward when grouped by sex (p = 0.23) or age (p = 0.536). Conclusions: The data indicates that students are generally neutral to agree with their confidence across various competencies, with a median of 4 for all items. The standard deviation (SD) values, which range from 0.63 to 0.76, reflect a consistent level of agreement among the students. This consistent agreement highlights the students' confidence in their clinical skills and knowledge within the psychiatric ward. These findings indicated that level III nursing students possessed a solid foundation of clinical confidence in psychiatric settings, with strength in seeking support and managing client relationships, but with a noted area for growth in specific medication knowledge and patient education.

Background: There is a relatively high prevalence of liver illnesses since the liver is one of the organs most prone to be harmed by interaction with xenobiotics (drugs, alcohol, drug misuse, environmental pollutants, and others). Worldwide and in India, high death rates are associated with cirrhosis, fatty liver, chronic hepatitis, and cancer. One of the most prevalent malignant diseases in humans and the second greatest cause of cancer-related death worldwide, liver cancer is a serious issue, particularly in less developed areas. Different experimental models have been developed to ascertain the mechanisms by which liver lesions arise in light of the rising frequency of liver illnesses. The plant species in the genus Leonotis and family Lamiaceae known as Leonotis nepetifolia, commonly called Klip dagga, Christmas candlestick, or lion's ear, has a variety of pharmacological effects. Method: The primary LNR compounds were docked against the Caspase-3 enzyme using computational methods in the current experiment. The Auto Dock software used a grid-based docking algorithm to determine the bond. Using the Merck Molecular Force Field, 2D structures of compounds were created, transformed to 3D, and then energetically decreased up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Results: LNR found to be effective hepatoprotective agent and their lead molecules effectively binds to be target protein caspase-3 enzyme with binding energy -4.92 & -4.09 kcalmol-1 for chlorogenic acid & gallic acid respectively. Conclusion: A computationally based docking investigation revealed that both lead compound (chlorogenic acid and gallic acid) has potent caspase-3 inhibitory properties. Both compounds have same covalent interaction at Phe128 & Met61. The outcomes showed a promising docking score and a pattern of strong covalent interaction between the lead chemical and the target protein's active region. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid work together synergistically to induce hepatoprotection in the ethanolic root extract from L. nepetaefolia.

This study examines the causal influence among Innovative Investments and the productivity of manufacturing firms in Nigeria (2010-2023). Manufacturing output was utilised as measure of production of manufacturing firms, while Investments on Research & Development (IRD), Investments on New Equipment & Technology (INET), likewise Investments on Employee Skills & Knowledge Development (IESKD), were utilised as proxies of innovative investments, with their data sourced from the annual reports and accounts of 15 selected manufacturing firms quoted in the Stock Exchange Group. The structural equation was estimated utilising the Pairwise Granger Causality technique. The Pairwise Granger Causality results, reveal that only Investments on Research & Development, substantially promote manufacturing output in Nigeria, while manufacturing output substantially supports INET. Therefore, the study concluded that only investments on employee investments on research and development among the selected elements of techno-innovative investments strongly determine the promotion of manufacturing output in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommended that: Research and Development departments of manufacturing firms should embark on increasing investments on R&D that only align with both short and long-term goals of their firms, capable of yielding remarkable results. Also, the manufacturing firms should priorities investments on either to make or acquire new equipment and machines capable of boosting the production. In addition, the personnel department should intensify the development of employees with relevant productive skills and knowledge.

Steel portal frames, used in factories, workshops, shopping complexes, and warehouses, provide large clear spans. Eurocode 3, a semi-probabilistic design code based on limit state design and adopted in Nigeria, does not fully address uncertainties in load and resistance variables, affecting frame performance in service. This study evaluates the reliability of three-hinged steel portal frames by analyzing three primary failure modes: flexural instability of frame stanchions (failure mode 1), flexural instability of frame rafters (failure mode 2), and lateral torsional instability of stanchions and rafters (failure mode 3). Limit state functions for these failure modes were derived from Eurocode 3 specifications and structural analysis load effects. Stochastic models of uncertain parameters are obtained from the literature. The First-Order Reliability Method (FORM), using a MATLAB program, evaluates the limit state functions and determines failure probability. Results show that for failure mode 1, Eurocode's target reliability of 3.8 is met if Xc is at least 0.85 for stanchions and 0.6 for rafters. At flexural buckling (XLT = 1.0), lateral-torsional stability yields a safety index of 5.8. For failure modes 1 and 2, the safety index decreases with a higher dead load to variable load ratio. For all failure modes, the safety index increases with higher steel grades and coefficient of variation (CoV). To ensure safety, the study recommends fully accounting for uncertainties in design to prevent up to a 60% compromise in portal frame safety.

Pelvic chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone sarcoma. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment due to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We present a case of a 22-year-old male with a large, fixed mass adherent to the right pubic bone. This report highlights the unique Enneking type III location of the chondrosarcoma and details the surgical management using a specialized approach.

Background: Many secondary metabolites found in plants, including tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, etc., have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activities in vitro. Man has long been aware of herbal treatments. Traditional medical practitioners have detailed the therapeutic usefulness of numerous indigenous herbs for a variety of illnesses. More and more reports of medicinal plants' antimicrobial qualities are coming in from all over the world. By producing secondary metabolites with antibacterial characteristics, these plants offer another option for creating chemical fungicides that are both reasonably safe and reasonably priced. The Lamiaceae family member Coleus aromaticus is bitter, aromatic, digestively stimulating, stomachic, anathematic, deodorant, diuretic, and liver-tonic. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some fungal strains. In the present study, the microbial activity of hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts of leaves of Coleus aromaticus Linn. (an ethnomedicinal plant) was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important fungal strains. Method: The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using agar disc diffusion method. Result: The zone of inhibition for different strains of fungia i.e. CA, CA, AN were determined. The outcome of the investigation revealed that hydroalcoholic leaf extract of CA is more effective than methanolic extract as compare to standard due to presence of flavonoids. Conclusion: Both extracts (MeoH & HAE) showed effective antifungal activity, of which the HAE demonstrated the potent antifungal activity due to high flavonoid content.

Objective: Our work has as its main objective the evaluation of the occurrence of root resorptions through a systematic review of the literature. The secondary objective is to compare the classic RME and the MARPE, in order to guide our therapeutic choice towards an optimal risk-benefit ratio. Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with multi-dental, bone or mixed support is today the therapy of choice in the treatment of maxillary endognathism. In order to maximize the orthopedic effects and minimize the iatrogenic dental effects, in particular the risk of external root resorption, a paradigm shift in anchoring has appeared and the use of bone anchoring techniques in the therapy of rapid maxillary disjunctions seems to increasingly appeal to practitioners. This systematic review analyzed the current literature to study the phenomenon of root resorption after RME based on 3D computed tomography and compare these iatrogenic dental effects according to the technique used between conventional tooth-supported expansion and mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) Materials and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar and science direct were searched for systematic reviews, randomized or non-randomized controlled trials and cohort studies conducted in humans and published in the last 30 years (1994-2024). JBI was used for the risk of bias assessment of the included studies. Results: A total of 11 articles: 3 systematic reviews, 6 retrospective cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Our systematic review has proven the presence of root resorption and bone loss following rapid maxillary expansion with bone or tooth anchorage but we noted that the latter causes more significant damage to posterior teeth. In this regard, further studies testing different anchorage designs and using a consistent methodology for the assessment of root resorption are highly recommended.

This study investigated the effect of health education on attitude towards illicit drug use among secondary school students in Diobu, Rivers State. Two (2) objectives, two (2) research questions and one (1) hypothesis guided the study. Quasi-experimental design was adopted. The researcher purposively selects the sample size of 148 students in their intact class from the population of 532 senior secondary school students from the selected senior secondary school in Diobu, Rivers State. A structured and validated instrument titled “Effect of Health Education on Knowledge of Illicit Drug Use Questionnaire” (AIDUQ) with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while inferential statistics of chi-square and ANCOVA were used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. It was found that most of the respondent performed better in the post-test stage as there was change in attitude towards illicit drug among the students. This implies that intervention has a significant effect on the secondary school students. Subsequently, the finding showed that age do not significantly affect the effect of health education on attitude towards illicit drug use among secondary school students in Diobu, Rivers State. Based on the findings, the study concluded that health education had positive effect on secondary school students’ attitude towards illicit drug use. Finally, the study recommended among others that schools in Diobu should collaborate with drug law agencies/drug educators to conduct quarterly seminar for students on the risk of illicit drug to ensure a change in attitudes, also age were not significant in this study, further studies should be conduct on age bracket using a larger sample size and government should involve parents and community leaders in health education programs to provide a supportive environment for students and reduce peer pressure influences.

Hepatic lymphangiomas, malformations of the liver lymphatic system, are extremely rare conditions in adults. In our article, we report the case of a 65-year-old female patient in whom a hepatic lymphangioma was incidentally discovered during surgery for gallstone disease. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this condition through a literature review.

This study explores Rabi'a al-Adawiyya's philosophy on beauty and phenomenological love. Using a descriptive-analytic method, the research delves into Rabi'a's poetry and teachings to uncover her views on these profound themes. Rabi'a, a prominent figure in Islamic mysticism, is renowned for her intense longing for a direct connection with God, emphasising the beauty of the divine relationship and the transformative power of love. The study identifies key elements of Rabi'a's philosophy, including the duality of love, the beauty in divine connection, and the transformative power of divine love. It highlights how Rabi'a distinguishes between passionate, personal, and reverential love that acknowledges God's supreme worthiness. Her poetry often reflects the beauty found in the spiritual relationship with God, which brings inner peace and fulfilment. The research also examines Rabi'a's intense longing and devotion to God, expressing a desire for God's pleasure above all else. This devotion underscores her belief that true contentment and peace are found in divine love, transcending the material world. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of prioritising the divine relationship over worldly concerns and the transformative power of true divine love. Recommendations for further studies include conducting comparative analyses with other Sufi mystics and phenomenological philosophers, exploring the historical and cultural context of Rabi'a's teachings, and examining the contemporary relevance of her philosophy in modern Sufi thought and Islamic mysticism.