This study details the optimal characteristics of these systems to design an ideal pumping solution that maximizes agricultural productivity while reducing costs and ecological footprint. The designed system is an off-grid solar pump control device equipped with an MPPT controller for 24V DC photovoltaic panels operating within a 30-48V range. This system operates directly under solar irradiation, eliminating the need for energy storage. A major innovation of this system is its ability to regulate the filling of the water tank based on the measured water flow. When sensors detect low flow, the system automatically activates the water tank recharge and stops its activity when the flow reaches a predetermined threshold, thus optimizing the efficiency of water use for irrigation. The advanced architecture of the system integrates controllers capable of compensating for solar power fluctuations and intelligent sensors to automate the pumping process according to crop water needs. This systemic approach offers a robust and sustainable method to improve water management in agricultural operations, contributing to sustainable development goals and resilience to climate change.

Hepatotoxicity can potentially arise in hospitalized patients with Candida infections due to antifungal medications. Ongoing research has focused on the hepatotoxicity profiles of fluconazole and anidulafungin. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies have directly compared the hepatotoxicity of these two antifungals. This study compares the hepatotoxic effects of anidulafungin and fluconazole in patients hospitalized with Candida infections. This retrospective study was conducted at the Prince Mohamed Bin Abdelaziz Hospital in Saudi Arabia to compare the hepatotoxicity of fluconazole and anidulafungin in patients with Candida infection. The liver function test results were analyzed using linear mixed models, with adjustments made for confounding factors. The investigation comprised 202 cases, of which 85 (42%) were treated with fluconazole and 117 (58%) was treated with anidulafungin—mortality and prevalence of candidemia and septic shock in the Anidulafungin group (p 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, duration of treatment, or concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs. Analyses utilizing Linear Mixed-Effects Models revealed higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.001) levels in the Anidulafungin group initially; however, after adjusting for covariates, these differences were no longer statistically significant. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GTT) did not differ significantly between groups after controlling for confounding variables. However, the Anidulafungin group had substantially higher bilirubin levels than the Fluconazole group, and this difference remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding variables (p = 0.022). In summary, this study contributes to understanding the relative hepatotoxicity of anidulafungin and fluconazole. After controlling for confounding variables, it was found that there were no significant differences in liver enzyme levels between the two groups. When assessing the hepatotoxicity of these antifungal agents, it is imperative to consider the individual patient characteristics, underlying health conditions, and concurrent administration of other hepatotoxic medications.

The research concluded that the use of extracts of moringa leaves and moringa seed as an edible coating might help to preserve the shelf life and also the quality of Avocado. The cultivars that were focused on during this research were “Hass” and “Gem”. It may also reduce the risk of infection and inflammation in these cultivars. Methanolic and ethanolic moringa extracts were also examined for their antifungal properties. Shortly, 1% Carboxyl methylcellulose which is shown as CMC and 2% MLE which is Moringa Leaf Extract or MSE which is moringa seed extract, were combined. The fruit was either coated with either (MLE + CMC) or that of (MSE + CMC) and then it was kept at a temperature of 5.5°C and 95% relative humidity (RH) for a period of 21 days. The fruit was kept at ambient temperatures i.e. 21°C and 60% RH, after being refrigerated to approximate retailing conditions. Fruit firmness and postharvest quality indicators including ethylene production and respiration rate were analyzed. In relation to potato dextrose agarose which is shortened as PDA, both coatings were also evaluated for their effectiveness against the fungus which may spoil the fruit quality during postharvest opperations. Compared to uncoated fruit, the coated fruit was noticed to have less mass loss. Respiration rates were also observed to be decreased along with Ethylene production, in a contrast to the uncoated fruit. A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides were both inhibited by ethanol leaf extract by 43.60% and 42.90%, respectively. All pathogens exposed to coverings had damaged hyphal structures, while uncoated fruit had healthy hyphal structures. Stronger antibacterial activity was observed in ethanolic moringa leaf extracts as compared to the extracts that were derived from methanol. The outcomes of this research showed that carboxyl methylcellulose CMC containing moringa extract reduces illnesses in fruit. Throughout the postharvest supply chain, it also maintains the general quality of avocados. The shelf life of the avocado was remarkably increased. The avocado sector may eventually commercialize the moringa extracts combined with carboxyl methylcellulose, as a new organic edible covering.

This paper explores the rich tradition of Hausa cuisine and its potential role in managing diabetes, focusing on traditional medicinal foods used by the Hausa people. Drawing from the abundant natural resources surrounding them, the Hausa people have long relied on a holistic approach to health, incorporating various trees, plants, roots, and herbs into their diet. Traditional remedies often blur the line between food and medicine, reflecting the Hausa belief that dietary choices play a crucial role in overall health. Through an extensive examination of traditional Hausa foods and their therapeutic effects on diabetes, this paper provides insights into potential culinary solutions for managing the condition. From fresh moringa leaves to baobab fruits, from hibiscus to fish and local fowls, the paper explores a wide range of traditional remedies used by the Hausa people to alleviate symptoms of diabetes. Furthermore, the paper discusses the harmful types of foods that diabetics should avoid and highlights non-harmful foods beneficial for diabetes management. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between Hausa cuisine and diabetes management, this paper contributes to our understanding of traditional medicinal practices and offers avenues for further research and exploration.

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the biomotor fitness variables between basketball and volleyball players in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. Methodology: The population for this were all volleyball and basketball players, from which a sample size of 10 participants from each team were selected. To test for balance, a stork stand test was carried out, vertical jump test was used to test for power, an Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was used to test for agility, a 30m sprint/dash was used to assess the speed of the participants, and timed push-up test for muscular endurance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for data analysis. Results & Discussion: The findings revealed a 0.13 percent difference in power which was no statistically significant difference (p>.05, p=0.987). There was 30.8 percent in balance which was statistically significant (p<05, p=0.037). A 1.4 percent difference in agility was not deemed statistically significant (p>.05, p=0.827). Volleyball players' performed 13.1% better in muscle endurance test, though not considered statistically significant (p>.05, p=0.142). Conclusion & Recommendation: Based on the findings from the study, it was evident that biomotor fitness variables among volleyball and basketball players in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education was virtually the same as the players demonstrated no significant difference in most biomotor variables such as speed, agility, power and muscular endurance. While being a jack of all trade (sports) makes one better than a master of none, in sports there is need for proper focus on a specific sports niche. Thus, coaches and trainers of volleyball and basketball players should help both category of players concentrate their efforts on a specific sport so as to achieve maximum biomotor fitness required for maximal performance in a specific sport.

The paper analysis the flows of Foreign Direct Investment and common factors that drive the Foreign Direct Investment flows between India and Gulf Cooperation Council countries, in this paper for empirical analysis of flow of FDI, gravity model of international trade executed, data is collected from the secondary sources from the year 2001 to 2022. The main objective of the paper is to know that how FDI is effect by the GDP of two regions like India and GCC countries and other determinants of FDI in this paper, finding of the paper describes factors like GDP of India and GCC countries and employment, real effective exchange rate of India as a regressor in the model are very deterministic for explaining the flow of FDI between India & GCC countries, and in future it will benefits the countries for their development and growth.

Next, the main objective is to identify the incidence of the generation and accumulation of social capital in community development. In the two main economic centers of Colombia (Bogotá and Medellin), descriptive research is carried out with quantitative analysis based on The collection of official data in four official measurements carried out in the country, this study starts by recognizing an accumulated low at the national level in the official measurements of social capital in recent decades, an incident factor in low social cohesion, and therefore poor level of generation of social fabric created from associativity, this being an agent incident in the development of a territory in terms of development.

Universal Grammar, represented by Chomsky, believes that the human brain is born with a Language Acquisition Device. Under the stimulation of the language environment, the language function of the human brain dedicated to language learning will be activated and begin to acquire a language. Universal grammar is the core idea of Chomsky's generative linguistics theory, which is composed of a limited number of syntactic principles representing the common features of human language. It is precisely because the human brain naturally generates this universal grammar that human beings can acquire their own mother tongue when language input is poor or even lacks "negative corpus" (that is, the indication of language errors or faults). Chomsky once proposed a simple language acquisition model, namely "language input —Language Acquisition Device —language acquisition", which means that language input generates grammar through Language Acquisition Device, thus acquiring language. It is worth noting that Chomsky's theory is not specifically designed for the study of Second Language Acquisition, and he himself has not given any guidance in this field, but it provides theoretical support for the theory of Second Language Acquisition (Yang Chunyuan, 2020). Hence, learning the whole semester’s course of Second Language Acquisition, having seen universal grammar as a important content in my textbook, this paper tries to integrate these related theories and make a conclusion and comment or paraphrasing（not all the bibliographies are quoted directly in this paper, paraphrased or arranged instead）based on various bibliographies.

Linguistic motivation remains an important theoretical issue in language research. Lexical motivation, as the most basic level of linguistic motivation, has always been a hot-discussed topic in the study of motivation, but there is little study on the comparison of lexical motivation between English and Chinese, especially on noun derivatives. Therefore, this article, using corpus research and qualitative analysis, aims at finding, describing, and explaining the similarities and differences between English and Chinese noun derivatives in morphological motivation. The corpus, selected by the principle of authority, equivalence, timeliness and feasibility, is built on American National Geographic and Chinese National Geography on which a few researchers delve from the perspective of motivation, so it is worthy of more exploration. Theoretically, this study will explain the inherent laws of language and promote the further development of linguistic motivation theory. Practically, this study may improve the efficiency of vocabulary teaching and learning.

Graves’ disease is by far the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children [1]. In this specific population, the hyperthyroidism is willingly biochemically overt and clinically severe [2]. Childhood hyperthyroidism may also cause accelerated growth and bone maturation, and eventually deterioration in academic performance, hence the need for a good screening and a better management. children with GD require prompt treatment, for the most of cases it’s initially medical. But once this fails or is not possible, a definitive treatment should be considered [3]. For the antithyroid drugs use, we currently consider no difference in biochemical control between DT and BR [2,4], unlike previous approaches which argue in favor of the use of bloc-replace method in children [5-6]. However, for a curative treatment, total thyroidectomy is the preferred option for GD patients younger than 10 years [3]. We report the case of a girl who was 2 and a half years old in the moment of diagnose, and whom we followed for Graves' disease for 1 and a half years. Ethical considerations: In accordance with the regulations in force, informed consent, written and verbal, was provided to the parents of the child before the publication of this work.

This article provides an overview of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as noninvasive prenatal screening. It is a technique for estimating the likelihood that the fetus will have specific genetic defects at birth for pregnant women. The content is specifically tailored for pregnant women and ncompasses a detailed exploration of topics such as Genomics-based noninvasive prenatal tests, sample details for noninvasive prenatal testing, factors influencing test results, the interpretation of test results, limitations associated with the test, and the content included in the Declaration of Consent Form for Noninvasive Prenatal Testing.

Students of the 21st century face more stresses and pressures than previous generations. Gen Z students are born to a highly globalized, technologically-driven, and social media dependent world. This has led to increased rates of mental health issues and negative impacts to self-esteem. This study uses a literature review to identify patterns and trends that emerge from social comparison processes. By understanding how social comparisons impact students’ self-evaluation and overall well-being, policymakers, educators, and schools can be in a better position to introduce new strategies and procedures that seek to support the psychological well-being of their students.

Background: The cerebral ventricles are fluid-filled cavities within the brain crucial for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Assessing their size is important for diagnosing neurological conditions. This study aims to establish reference ranges for the morphometry (size and shape) of the third and fourth ventricles in healthy Bangladeshi adults using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 healthy adults (100 males and 100 females) aged 18-60 years. High-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained, and morphometric measurements of the third and fourth ventricles were performed. The parameters measured included the width, length, and height of the ventricles. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the variations in ventricular dimensions across different age groups and between sexes. Results: The study found that the mean dimensions of the third and fourth ventricles in the Bangladeshi population are consistent with existing data from other populations, with some variations. Significant differences were observed in the dimensions of both ventricles between males and females, with males showing slightly larger measurements. Age-related changes in ventricular size were also noted, with a trend towards increased dimensions in older age groups, indicating possible age-associated atrophy. Conclusion: This study provides valuable baseline data for the third and fourth ventricular dimensions in the adult Bangladeshi population. These normative values can aid in the diagnostic assessment of various neurological conditions and contribute to a better understanding of intracranial anatomical variations in this demographic. Further research with a larger sample size and inclusion of pathological cases is recommended to enhance the clinical applicability of these findings. This study has provided valuable reference data for interpreting ventricle size in Bangladeshi adults undergoing MRI scans. Deviations from these norms might warrant further investigation for potential neurological issues. The findings can contribute to improved diagnosis and management of neurological conditions in Bangladesh.

This study explored the application of online educational tools in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, with a focus on student perceptions. It identified the tools deployed, determined their areas of application, assessed their impact on learning outcomes, and analyzed the associated challenges. Relying on a survey conducted among selected 260 undergraduate students of the university, its findings revealed that Google Classroom and Google Meet were the most frequently used online tools, mainly for lectures, assignments, and information dissemination. Other tools like e-Zone, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Moodle, and Blackboard were sparingly used. The findings showed that while online tools enhanced flexibility and accessibility thus enhancing academic performance, challenges such as technical issues and absence of motivation hinder their effective use. The study concluded that improving digital infrastructure and providing adequate training for both students and educators are essential for maximizing the benefits of online educational tools in higher education.

Islamic finance has emerged as a significant and dynamic sector within the global financial industry. This unique segment of the global economy has witnessed significant growth in recent years, with institutions in both regions playing a pivotal role in its development. With its unique principles and values grounded in Shariah law, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) have expanded their presence in various regions, including the Middle East and South-East Asia. This paper investigates the similarities and differences in the business strategies adopted by IFIs in these two distinct geographical regions. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the business strategies of Islamic financial institutions in these two regions, highlighting key similarities and differences. The study utilizes a combination of primary and secondary data, including financial reports, academic literature, and expert opinions. By analyzing the regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, and cultural factors influencing IFIs, this paper sheds light on the strategies that have enabled their growth and sustainability. Utilizing empirical data and case studies, this study contributes to the understanding of Islamic finance as a global phenomenon while highlighting the significance of regional nuances in shaping IFIs' strategies. Understanding the strategies employed by these institutions is crucial for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders. The findings indicate that while both regions share common principles of Islamic finance, they exhibit distinct approaches in terms of product offerings, regulatory frameworks, and market expansion strategies.