Assistive technology is utilized in Zanzibar primary schools and Tanzania at large. However, there is a shortage of information on its impacts on enhancing academic achievement due to the scarcity of studies conducted in this area. Therefore this study’s main purpose was to explore the assistive technology’s impacts on enhancing academic achievement for students with visual impairments in Zanzibar primary schools. In addition, the study sought to examine barriers that students with visual impairment face while utilizing assistive technology during the teaching and learning process. The study utilized a qualitative approach, with 28 participants using interviews, focus group discussions, and observations for data collection. The data was transcribed, coded, categorized and then analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The findings of this study indicated that assistive technology has a great impact on enhancing academic achievement for students with visual impairments hence it improves the learning capability of learners. The findings also revealed several barriers faced by students during the utilization of assistive technology including limited teaching and learning resources especially those written in Braille and overcrowded classes. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training collaborate with educational stakeholders such as NGOs, teachers and parents to enhance efforts in providing adequate and relevant assistive devices and teaching and learning materials for both teachers and students with visual impairments.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, affects millions worldwide. This study explores the antidiabetic potential of ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves (EEPPL) using dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat models. EEPPL was prepared via Soxhlet extraction and tested in five groups (n=6 each): normal control (saline), positive control (dexamethasone 1 mg/kg), standard (metformin 40 mg/kg), low dose (EEPPL 250 mg/kg), and high dose (EEPPL 500 mg/kg). Treatments were administered for 10 days, with assessments on day 10 including body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBS), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and catalase levels. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays were also conducted with acarbose as a reference. Results showed significant antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats. The standard group had highly significant improvements in FBS and OGTT. The high-dose EEPPL group exhibited moderate to highly significant effects on FBS, OGTT, and lipid profile, with weight improvements and reductions in cholesterol levels. Antioxidant assessments revealed reduced lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity in the high-dose group. The in vitro assays demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, comparable to acarbose. In conclusion, the study suggests that EEPPL has notable antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic for managing diabetes and oxidative stress.

Hypertension is the disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. Prevalence of hypertension in the elderly aged 55-75 years and above, which is 62.63% of the overall percentage of people with hypertension. However, many elderly people are not aware and responsive to the treatment of hypertension. The use of anti-hypertensive drugs is often not taken with good procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and side effects of anti-hypertensive drugs consumed by the elderly in Kalijaga. Sampling using purposive sampling technique with a sample of 30 respondents with blood pressure criteria ≥140/90 mm Hg. Data analysis used wilcoxon and chi-square tests. The results showed a significant effectiveness after the administration of anti-hypertensive drugs as shown by 26 people reaching the target blood pressure therapy. Many of the side effects felt were derived from the use of anti-hypertensive drugs.

Hydrogen serves as an optimal fuel for engines. Pure hydrogen engines do not generate carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions; instead, they encounter significant nitrogen oxide emissions. Inner-engine control and outer-engine control are two methods to reduce NOx emissions. Outer-engine control primarily mitigates NOx emissions by selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a process that has been extensively researched. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research about NOx emission regulation in pure hydrogen engines via internal engine management. This work utilised the closed homogeneous reactor (CHR) in Chemkin Pro to model the primary NOx emission control within pure hydrogen engines. The findings indicate that single exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) reduces NOx emissions by 45.3% at an EGR ratio of 20%, suggesting that the reduction in NOx emissions is not substantial. Nonetheless, EGR combined with lean burn reduces NOx emissions by 96.31% at a λ of 1.4 and an EGR ratio of 20%, resulting in ultra-low NOx emissions from pure hydrogen engines. In comparison to single EGR and EGR combined with lean-burn, SNCR is more effective for NOx emission control. An NH3 ratio of merely 10% can reduce NOx emissions by 96.32% in pure hydrogen engines, whilst a 15% NH3 ratio can attain zero NOx emissions in pure hydrogen engines without necessitating a high λ value or EGR ratio. It is essential to precisely regulate the NH3 ratio in the cylinder; otherwise, residual NH3 may be generated, leading to environmental pollution.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a condition characterized by recurring ulcers in the mouth, causing significant discomfort and pain. Its cause remains unclear, and there is currently no known cure. When conventional treatments fall short, seeking help from Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door can be beneficial. This approach has demonstrated effectiveness in treating over 20 rare and intractable diseases, as documented in our previous reports. In this article, we explore the causes of RAS and investigate whether it can be effectively treated through practicing Dharma. Our findings suggest that RAS is related to karma, particularly verbal karma. By addressing and resolving this karma through Dharma practices, a complete cure can be achieved.

Infertility has caused a lot of psychological traumas to married women who have not given birth to any child or those who could not give birth again after their first birth at their matrimonial home. Child bearing is the most important reason why most couples got married and if that sole aim is not achieved, it becomes a taboo in some culture in Africa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Psychological Effects Arising from Infertility Amongst Married Women in South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 350 married women who were within the age of 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the Research Assistants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS Version 25 and P value < 0.05 was considered significant for data. The research findings revealed that the majority (71.4%) of the participants were between 28 – 32 years of age and 57 .1% had tertiary level of education. The study shows that 71.4% of the participants have not got pregnant, 28.6% have gotten their first pregnant, 42.5% had married for a period between 2-4years, 85.7% are eager to get a child, 71.4% do not have a child and 28.6% have only a child. The study also, shows that 85.7% of the participants were bordered and 91.4% were passing through several degree of psychosocial trauma. Again, the research revealed that 82.9% of the participants were passing through pressure or stress and 91.4% of the women have been abused for not conceiving. Also, 85.7% of the participants had increased in their blood pressure after undergoing medical check-up and 91.4% had depression. The study revealed that 71.3% of the women revealed that their husband is planning to take a new wife and 60.5% said their husband have already taken a new wife. The research findings revealed that 82.9% of the participants do not socialize, 74.3% said their husband do not love them again and 57.1% of the participants have pushed out of their matrimonial homes.

Sexual urge is a drive for sexual intercourse and orgasm is the peak at which the ladies involve in sexual intercourse intercourse attained and at this stage of orgasm, they are more receptive for sexual activity, more romance and show of enjoying the sexual activity through pronouncing different sounds. Recently, most women have lost sexual urge (drive) even when sex is preceded by sexual stimulation or sexual fondling or sexual caress by their male partners. And because sexual urge is lost, orgasm can not be attained. The aim of the study is to evaluate the Rising Trend of Lack of Sexual Urge and Orgasm Among Females in the Niger Delta. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 married women who were within the age of 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the Research Assistants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS Version 25 and P value < 0.05 was considered significant for data. The results’ shows the participants were between 18-22 and 43-47 years of age. Again, that 24.0% of the participants were single, 60.0%) were married, while 16.0% were divorced, 68.0% lack sexual urge, 40.0% have experienced it in 4 years, 68.0% have difficulty in reaching orgasm during sex, and 76.0% passed through stress.

Sunscreen is a material that can absorb or reflect ultraviolet (UV) radiation to protect the skin from the negative impact. Sunscreen derived from synthetic compounds can cause long-term toxic side effects, so natural materials can be a safer alternative to sunscreen. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.), and jicama tubers (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) have sunscreen activity because they contain flavonoids that absorb UV. This study aims to compare the sunscreen activity of basil leaf extract cream with jicama tuber starch cream and determine the concentration of basil leaf extract or jicama tuber starch with the highest SPF value. Basil leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol solvents, while jicama tubers were made into starch powder. Basil extract and jicama starch were formulated into a cream preparation. Then, an evaluation of the preparation was carried out. The SPF value was determined in vitro using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument at a wavelength of 290 to 320 nm. The results of the evaluation of the cream preparation meet the requirements for the entire test. The results of measuring the SPF value of basil leaf extract sunscreen cream with concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% were 9.40 (maximum), 10.66 (maximum), and 15.41 (ultra). The results of measuring the SPF value of jicama tuber starch sunscreen cream with concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% were <2, so it is ineffective as a sunscreen. Basil leaf extract sunscreen cream with a concentration of 25% showed the best SPF value with an ultra sunscreen ability level.

Indonesian herbal heritage that still survives and continues to be preserved. Jamu that is very well known by the people of Indonesia is jamu gendong. Based on the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Administration of the Republic of Indonesia number 12 of 2014 concerning traditional medicines that are prohibited from circulating, namely traditional medicines that do not meet the quality safety and usefulness requirements, one of which meets the TPC test requirements. The Total Plate Count (TPC) test is used to calculate the number of bacteria that grow and develop in a sample, as well as a reference for determining the quality and safety of simplisia. One of the regulations of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) no 32 of 2019 concerning the safety and quality requirements of traditional medicines that in the process of making liquid preparations of internal medicine must meet the requirements of a total plate number value of r < 105 colonies / mL. The purpose of this study was to determine the TPC value before and after How to Make Good Fresh Herbal Medicine (CPJB) education and to determine the effect of CPJB education on jamu gendong rice kencur sellers in Kejaksan District and Kesambi District. Samples in this study were taken from 5 herbal medicine sellers. The results of this study showed the TPC value before CPJB education, sample 1 12 x 10-5, sample 2 1.4 x 10-4, sample 3 2.6 x 10-4, sample 4 3.6 x 10-4, sample 5 2.2 x 10-4. This study used leaflet media to conduct CPJB education. TPC value after CPJB education, in sample 1 amounted to 2.7 x 10-4. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of CPJB education on kencur rice herbal sellers, as evidenced by changes in TPC values before education and after education.

The status of being an undocumented learner presents a myriad of learning challenges to the affected learners. Schools in South Africa, particularly in the rural areas and those areas along the borders with Mozambique and Zimbabwe, have over a million undocumented learners who are either children of South Africans or children born from non-South African parents. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of the undocumented learners, their parents, and the schools against the findings of the Phakamisa judgement of 2017, Case No.2480/2017 which was held in the Eastern Cape High Court in Grahamstown. The undocumented learners are children who join the schooling system; grow up being undocumented in the system, become teenagers or young adults in the system and end up exiting the system without anything to show for the number of years they stayed in the system. This paper explores the problem faced by undocumented learners and its implications to them in the classroom and beyond. This paper will, in concert with the findings of the Phakamisa judgement, implore the policy makers to move beyond compliance and put together policies that will protect the right of children through interdepartmental cooperation to fast track the documenting of learners at birth, irrespective of the status of their parents.

Background: Prenatal care has proven to play an invaluable role in the reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality. The care provided to the parturient includes risk assessment, health promotion and education, and therapeutic intervention if need arises. The cardinal point of antenatal care is mainly but not limited to ensuring the delivery of a healthy newborn with minimal or no risk to the mother. The importance of prenatal care cannot be overemphasized especially in developing countries with high fertility rate, increased tendency to large family size and increased maternal mortality. Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics of booked and unbooked pregnant women and to ascertain any differences in maternal and perinatal outcome. Materials and Method: A retrospective cohort study at 68 Nigerian Army reference hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. All the antennal records of women booked in our facility within the period of study were retrieved. Maternity records that included all unbooked deliveries were all retrieved. The variables of interest were maternal age, parity, educational status, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, mode of delivery, obstetrics complications and pregnancy outcomes. Data was analysed using SPSS version 29. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 5032 patients were seen during the four-year period of review. Booked cases were 3572 (70.99%) while unbooked was 1460 (29.01%). Fetomaternal adverse outcome and complication were more in the unbooked category with high operative delivery 87.05% in the unbooked patients. Conclusion: The study showed that more adverse pregnancy outcomes occurs when women are unbooked during pregnancy. Continued utilisation of quality antenatal and delivery care services in our environment will significantly improve pregnancy outcome while reducing maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a global public health challenge, particularly in underserved populations where access to conventional dental care is limited. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has emerged as a transformative approach in the management of ECC, offering a minimally invasive, cost-effective solution to arrest caries progression and prevent new lesions. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of SDF, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, advantages, and limitations in pediatric dentistry. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates that SDF is highly effective in halting caries progression, significantly reducing the need for more invasive treatments, particularly in young or uncooperative patients. However, aesthetic concerns, primarily the black staining of treated lesions, and the need for informed parental consent remain key barriers to its widespread adoption. The article also explores the integration of SDF into broader public health strategies for ECC prevention and treatment, emphasizing its role in resource-constrained settings. Ethical and legal considerations, along with future research directions, are discussed to address gaps in understanding its long-term safety and efficacy. By advancing the use of SDF, this review highlights its potential to revolutionize the management of ECC, aligning with global goals of equitable access to essential health care.

Lipoma is a common benign tumor of soft tissues but rarely located in the hand or being responsible for neuropathy. A case of compressive lipoma of the Guyon canal with purely sensory disorders has been evolving for 04 years in a 56-year-old woman. The mass was removed without any damage to vascular, neural, or tendinous structures. Postoperative recovery was straightforward, and the patient regained good mobility in the hand and fingers.

Background: Primary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menarche by age 15 in the presence of secondary sexual characteristics or by age 13 without them, arises from various etiologic factors. Timely diagnosis and targeted interventions, including genetic counseling and reconstructive surgeries, are essential for effective management. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to prevalence of etiologic causes of primary amenorrhea among women in a tertiary care center. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from June 2023 to May 2024. Total 120 women presenting with primary amenorrhea during the study period were included. Result: The study involved participants with a mean age of 17.8 ± 3.2 years, with 58.3% aged 15-20. Most were from low-income backgrounds (62.5%), and 33.3% reported parental consanguinity. Hormonal causes (41.7%) predominated, followed by structural (33.3%) and genetic causes (16.7%). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (60.0%) and Müllerian agenesis (62.5%) were leading subtypes, while Turner syndrome accounted for 60.0% of genetic cases. Diagnostic findings included pelvic ultrasound abnormalities (45.8%, p <0.001) and karyotype abnormalities (16.7%). Hormonal imbalances were most common (58.3%), reflecting the diversity of etiologies and the importance of advanced diagnostics in identifying underlying causes. Socioeconomic status and parental consanguinity significantly influenced etiological patterns. Conclusion: This study highlights significant associations between socio-demographic factors, such as age, consanguinity, socioeconomic status, and etiological categories were observed. Diagnostic findings underscored the importance of pelvic ultrasound, karyotyping, and hormonal evaluation in accurate classification.

The global climate continues to deteriorate, resulting in excessive carbon emissions, heavy metal pollution possesses serious threats to human life and modern civilization. The concentration of Zn, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd in soil and rice grown in two locations (A and B) AROUND Edozhigi river were determined using standard methods og analysis. Results obtained for location A, indicate high concentration of Zn 9.75±0.55, 9.61±0.54, 1.03±0.58 and 1.69±0.66 mg/kg in soil, root, stem and seed of rice plant respectively. The order of Zn concentration of Zn metal in location B is 2.07±0.55 (soil) > 1.70±0.54 (root) > 1.67±0.58 (stem) > 1.27±0.66 (seed). Concentration of Fe (mg/kg) in soil (25.50±0.00) and root (26.32±0.00) from location B were significantly higher than those of stem (8.46±0.00 mg/kg) and seed (6.98±0.00 mg/kg) respectively. Concentration of Cu (mg/kg) in soil, root, stem and seed from location A and B were between 0.00±0.00 - 0.03±0.40 mg/kg respectively. The low concentration of these metals in soil around Edozhigi river makes the soil fit for growing crops.