Background: Aligners, commonly used in orthodontic treatments, have shown varying degrees of effectiveness depending on the type of tooth movement required. This systematic review will outline recent findings and updates regarding the predictability of aligners in incisor extrusion and molar intrusion movements. Haut du formulaire. Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature and evaluate the predictability of clear aligners in incisor extrusion and molar intrusion movements based on the available evidence. Materials and Methods: A total of three databases (Pubmed, Sciences Direct and Google Scholar) were searched until March 2023, in addition to a manual search in the following journals: the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Angle Orthodontist, and the European Journal of Orthodontics. Finite elements studies assessing the ability of aligners in achieving incisor extrusion and molar intrusion movements published during the last 10 years in English were eligible to be selected. Study selection and data extraction were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment was evaluated using the Methodological Quality of Single Subject Finite Element Analysis. The reporting of this review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Four pertinent articles were incorporated into the analysis, all of which are finite element studies. Among these, three studies assessed the efficacy of aligners in achieving incisor extrusion, while one solely examined their predictability in molar intrusion. The risk of bias was categorized moderate in all studies. All these studies have agreed that attachments are essential for achieving incisor extrusion and molar intrusion movements. In fact, the position of the attachment has a greater influence on the amount of movement than its shape. Conclusion: The use of attachments has proven to be crucial for successfully achieving vertical movements with aligners. Horizontal rectangular palatal attachments are essential for incisor extrusion, while a combination of buccal and palatal attachments is necessary for molar intrusion.

Anthocleista vogelii (Loganiaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine in the Cameroon, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria and Guinea for the treatment diabetes. Hallea stipulosa (Rubuaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses such as hernia, metrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, colic, psychosomatic disorder and diabetes. This study aims to determine the level of toxicity following the protocol of OECD guideline 423 after phytochemical analysis by using screening, High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and quantitative analysis of the extract’s total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoids contents (TFTs)were done using folin-ciocalteu and aluminiun trichloride test respectively. The evaluation of the hypoglycaemic activity and a hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extracts of the bark of Haleas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii. Combined at the concentrations 250mg / kg and 500mg / kg each at the respective proportions 50/50; 30/70; 70/30 using as a method the measurement of blood sugar every 30min for 3 hours. We obtained a yield of 11.65 for the extract of Hallea stipulosa and 10.2 for the extract of Anthocleista vogelii. The analysis of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, antocyanins and terpenoids, alkanoids and phenols. The Haleas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii fractions have a relatively high TPC of 95,78 ± 0,02 (mg EAG/g de ES), 169,66 ± 0,03 (mg EAG/g de ES), respectively and the TFTs of 62,93 ± 0,06 (mg EQ/g d'ES), 73,45 ± 0,05 (mg EQ/g d'ES) respectively. Acute toxicity tests in female rats at doses of 2000mg / kg and 5000mg / kg revealed no behavioral disturbances and no death. The administration of the combination of the aqueous extracts of the bark of the trunks of Hallea stipulosa at the concentrations of 250 mg / kg BW and 500 mg / kg BW produced a significant hypoglycaemic effect (P ˂0.05) in rats compared to the batches of rats positive controls. These results suggest that the combination of the aqueous extracts of the bark of the trunks of Haléas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii exhibits hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity at certaines concentrations.

This research analyzes the weaknesses of The Grondkaart Regulation As Ownership Evidence Of Land Asset Of Pt. Kereta Api Indonesia In The Inventory Process In Operation Area V Of Purwokerto in Indonesia currently and how to reconstruct the law Based On Justice Value in a constructivism paradigm where the type of research method used is normative juridical and the specifications of this research have a prescriptive analytical nature with the approach used by the author being a statutory approach. The research results found that the weaknesses of the Grondkaart regulation as evidence of ownership of land assets of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia in the inventory process in the operation area V of Purwokerto currently is in regard of the Types of Land Rights. According to the perspective of the various aspects of Land Rights, there are several periods of conflict between the principle of actual transfer and the principle of legal transfer, the Aspect of Government Capital Participation in the Form of Land to BUMN, Article 8 of PP Number 20 of 2021 concerning the Regulation of Abandoned Areas and Land makes the grandkaard object one of the objects of the regulation of abandoned land. Therefore the Reconstruction of the law must be done through the Construction of the dronkaart Regulation as evidence in the inventory of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia Operation area V of Purwokerto assets are based on the Pancasila justice value in addition to being in accordance with religious values, divine values, justice values, and humanitarian values contained in the philosophy of the State of Indonesia. and the reconstruction proposed was namely Article 8 of PP RI Number 20 of 2021 concerning the Regulation of Abandoned Areas and Land so that Article 8 becomes Land Management Rights that are excluded from the object of regulation of Abandoned Land including: a. land Management Rights of customary law communities; b. Rights to Grondkaart Land; and c. land Management Rights that are Land Bank Assets.

This research analyzes the weaknesses of The Artificial Islands Regulations In International Law To Realize Territorial Jurisdiction currently and how to reconstruct the law Based On Justice Value in a constructivism paradigm where the type of research method used is normative juridical and the specifications of this research have a prescriptive analytical nature with the approach used by the author being a statutory approach. The research results found that the legal concept of artificial islands has been included in UNCLOS 1982 as a basic framework, although there are gaps and ambiguities in the existing regulations regarding artificial islands. Every country has the right to monopolize the construction of artificial islands and can explore and exploit all natural resources in its territory. However, countries that create artificial islands in accordance with their national interests and consider the status of artificial islands as legally valid artificial islands have caused many conflicts that have an impact on the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the country. This happens because there is still no detailed legal definition and regulation in UNCLOS 1982. Therefore, the reconstruction of regulations regarding artificial islands in international law needs to be carried out so that the determination of the status and criteria for the status of artificial islands can classify the rights and obligations of countries to determine the sovereignty of the country on artificial islands and jurisdiction over artificial islands in their country.

There is an overall understanding that in a business environment that is serious, the performance of the company will extraordinarily rely upon its capacity to innovate. To shed light on how, when, and to what extent innovation has an effect on the market as well as the financial performance of the companies. The paper deploys regression equation models that seemingly look unrelated to examining different Portuguese firms. The results of this paper confirm that there is a positive effect of innovation on a firm’s development as well as its performance. However, the results also suggest that the opposite is also true. The innovation process is very complex and depends on the environment in which it is used.

Polygamy is such an ugly term in various discourses. Many Africans have grown up hating the concept. This is because of the influences of the Africans. With colonialism came slavery and westernization. Polygamy became consigned to the past and all that was wrong with the past, like the killing of twins in some Nigerian communities prior to the coming of the British. Hence various people would be ashamed that their roots were ever associated with polygamy. It is simply a fact that polygamy has a lot of drawbacks. In recent times, however, people’s perceptions about it have begun to change. Part of the reason is the social problem created by the non-marital status of numerous young and old women who have attained marital age but are unable to get attached to male partners. The writer has observed this phenomenon for years and was prompted to conduct research on it. He is of the conviction that the practice may be reviewed. This is where writers have a role to play. Materials for the research were obtained mainly from journal articles and books on social issues.

Background: The current study aims to assess the impact of structured patient education on cardiovascular complications in post-covid patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk among type-2 diabetes mellitus with dyslipidaemia in post-covid patients. to analyse the cardiovascular risk correlated with diabetes and lipid profile. to assess the impact of patient education on cardiovascular risk complications. Method: A total of 300 patients were screened and of them, 205 were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient education was given to selected patients using structured patient leaflets and oral education after baseline. They are followed up after 2 months. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by ASCVD and Framingham risk assessment score. Results: The study analysed that there was a high prevalence in males, the age group 51-70 years, non-alcoholic, and non-smokers. At the baseline, most patients were at high risk. On comparing the baseline with the review, a 49.3% difference was seen in the high-risk category. Conclusion: The study revealed that age, gender, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and random blood sugar were the important cardiovascular risk factors. The implementation of pharmacist care in collaboration with physicians and nurses may reduce cardiovascular risk complications and help in better medication management.

Background: Viruses may play a role in the development of esophageal cancer (EC), although this is not yet known with certainty. This study, which examines Sudanese individuals with esophageal tumors, seeks to identify the involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the development of esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: This study looked back at 61 blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue that had already been identified as esophageal cancers. It used immunohistochemical staining to find herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. Data were obtained from histopathology laboratories at the National Health Laboratory (NHL) and Soba University Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020. Positive results were confirmed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: Of the 61 FFPE blocks analyzed, 35 (57.4%) belonged to men. The bulk of participants (54.1%) were older than 60 years old. The most prevalent tumor type was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which accounted for 75.4% of cases. 16.4% of participants, equally divided between males and females, tested positive for HSV. 70% of HSV positive results came from people over the age of 60, and all of them were in SCC cases. Males accounted for 57% of the positive results. Individuals over the age of 60 were responsible for 80% of positive CMV results, while SCC cases accounted for 85%. All the PCR results were negative. Conclusion: These results imply a link between HSV, CMV, and esophageal cancer. We need more research with a larger sample size to understand how these viruses cause esophageal cancer.

Household food waste management (HFWM) poses a significant challenge in developing countries like Bangladesh due to diverse food waste types, inadequate policies, and rapid urbanization. This study investigates women's empowerment in Dhaka through the 5R approaches: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repurpose, and Recover. By employing qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and case studies with a purposive and snowball-sampled group of women, the research examines how the 5R strategies impact women's socio-economic empowerment. Findings reveal that educated women, especially those engaged in roof and balcony gardening, effectively implement the 5R approaches, notably composting kitchen waste. Women in owner-occupied homes demonstrate more comprehensive food waste management practices compared to those in rented houses. The study highlights that HFWM through the 5R approaches improves environmental sustainability and provides economic benefits, such as reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and creating new employment opportunities. This research underscores the potential for women's active participation in HFWM to contribute to cost savings, fresh produce cultivation, and potential business ventures, thereby enhancing their social and economic status. The insights gained can inform future initiatives aimed at promoting environmental sustainability and gender equality in urban Bangladesh.

Prostate cancer is a major public health issue in men in their advancing years. Huggins and colleagues demonstrated the relationship between testicular androgen (testosterone) and prostate cancer growth. Since then, a lot more had been done in this area of study. Recently, low serum level of testosterone had been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (Pca). We set out to investigate the relationship between low serum testosterone and parameters related to Pca aggressiveness. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied fifty-one (51) men diagnosed with Pca who also met the inclusion criteria. Case-notes of these men were retrieved and relevant information for the study were extracted and entered into a spread-sheet and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: The mean age and standard deviation for all men was 68.51±7.179 years ranging from 52 to 88 years. Men with low serum testosterone were older. Mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score (GS) were 45.90±30.95 ng/ml and 8.04 ±1.038 respectively; both indicating features of aggressive Pca. Mean serum testosterone was 3.741±1.938 and this correlated inversely with serum PSA and GS. Conclusion: Serum testosterone correlated inversely with notable parameters of aggressive Pca.

Gas flaring has the potential of polluting soil with heavy metals and consequently lead to poor fertility and reduced yield. This study investigates the impact of gas flaring on metal pollution of soil at Obunagha, Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. Soil samples were collected with soil auger at depths of 0-15 cm from distances of 200 m, 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m away from the flaring point of the Gbarain-Ubie Integrated Oil and Gas Plant. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and Cation Exchange Capacity were determined. Samples were extracted sequentially and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The pH values of the soil samples ranged from 4.63±0.06 to 6.87±0.06 indicating that the soils were acidic. The Electrical conductivity values ranged from 20±0.00 to 39.7±0.58 (µS/cm) while the Cation exchange capacity values ranged from 2.4±0.01 to 6.95±0.01 (meq/100 g), which are suggestive of the soil capacity to adsorbs metals. The results of the analysis of variance on heavy metals indicates non significance for *P> 0.05 while **P< 0.05 is significant. The closest distance (200 m) to the flaring point has the highest concentrations for all the metals studied while the farthest distance (3000 m) has the least concentrations. Also, the results revealed that the concentrations of all the metals studied decreased from the first fraction which is the water-soluble fraction to the sixth fraction (residual fraction). The concentrations of the metals analyzed for all the samples were higher than those recommended by DPR, WHO, and US EPA indicating that gas flaring activities in the study area has polluted the soil of the study area with the heavy metals studied.

The prediction model equation of a draught force of animal-drawn Mouldboard plough has several advantages in improving tillage performance in smallholder farming systems. These include fully utilizing input data for implement designers and extension workers, proper usage of draught animals, and minimizing operator tragedy. A 1 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design was arranged in a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) on three blocks of test plots each measuring 25 m x 80 m to generate input parameters for predicting the draught of animal-drawn mouldboard plough on the sandy loam soils at Yola. The model input parameters include implement mass, operation speed, operation depth, soil moisture content, and bulk density. A pair of oxen weighing 560 kg was used as a power source. The highest mean draught values of 436.40 N and the lowest of 381.47 N were obtained at a speed and depth combination of 1.25 m/s and 0.183 m and 0.69 m/s and 0.083 m respectively. A mathematical model with a correlation between the measured and predicted r2 value of 0.9683 was developed using the concept of Buckingham's Pi theorem. The model developed effectively predicted draught for animal implements by 96.83 %. A paired t-test revealed no significant difference between the measured and the predicted values at 0.05 significant levels. The result showed that a developed mathematical equation can effectively predict the draught force of mouldboard plough in sandy loam soil.

Multimodal datasets, integrating data from multiple sources such as text, images, audio, and physiological signals, have become increasingly valuable in scientific research. These datasets provide a comprehensive understanding of complex phenomena, facilitating advancements in fields like medicine, psychology, computer vision, and natural language processing. Publicly available multimodal datasets have democratized access to high-quality data, enabling researchers worldwide to contribute to and benefit from scientific advancements. This review article examines the significance of public multimodal datasets, highlighting their contributions to scientific research, challenges in their use, and future directions. We explore key datasets, their applications, and the methodological innovations they have spurred. By providing a detailed overview, this article aims to inform researchers about the potential and considerations in leveraging multimodal datasets for advancing scientific knowledge. The integration of diverse data types offers unprecedented opportunities for developing sophisticated machine learning models, uncovering novel insights, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations. However, the use of these datasets also presents challenges, such as data integration, computational demands, and privacy concerns, which need to be addressed to fully realize their potential.

Agriculture is not merely a science it is an art of living which greatly influence each and every minute sector of the nature. Balancing the needs of a growing global population with the demands of biological diversity necessitates significant changes in how humans produce food at the primary level. When the ever-growing population created a global problem starvation, India moved towards green revolution in late 1960s by using high yielding potential varieties, modern machinery, synthetic pesticides as well as fertilizers. The pattern of unethical resource (land) use drags the ecosystem to its edges of tolerance. Permaculture, being a holistic approach of sustainability with its advanced ideologies pave a way for the environmental sustainability. This wholesome concept, with its worldwide ethical designing practices and core principles acts as a potential approach for diversified sustainable agriculture and a salient solution for varied ecological problems. This review highlights the basic structural framework, core principles and designing processes of permaculture and its role in ecological and agricultural sustainability.

Background: Metabolic syndrome refers to the co-occurrence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is usually associated with abdominal obesity and is implicated in the development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. Objectives: This study aimed at establishing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Enugu metropolis. Method: This was a cross-sectional community-based descriptive survey carried out in Enugu Metropolis involving 469 apparently healthy adult volunteers age range 18-75 screened for metabolic syndrome using the joint interim statement (JIS) definition. Stratified random sampling technique was used in the selection of participants in this cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The data obtained were coded and analyzed into frequencies, percentages and mean using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Chi-square (x) test was used to compare categorical variables for associations while multi-nominal logistic regression was used to examine correlates. Statistical significance is set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Result: The study shows 16.4% prevalence in the study population with higher female prevalence (Female=23%; Male=8%). Increase in prevalence with age was also noted (1.98%=18-30year; 22.73% = 31-50year; 57.14% =51-75year). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is already a health challenge in Enugu and life style modification should be encouraged in our clinics on or before the age of 30.