Blood exposure accidents [BEAs] are major occupational hazards in dental practice, since they carry the risk of transmission of potentially fatal pathogens like Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV], Hepatitis B and C [HBV and HCV]. Although protocols for prevention and management of BEAs are well established, knowledge gaps and underreporting are prevalent especially in North African countries like Tunisia. This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness, frequency of exposure and reporting practices of BEAs among Tunisian dentists. A cross-sectional and single-center study was conducted among dentists from June 28 to November 18 2022 that included professors, residents, interns, private practice dentists and public sector dentists. A 16-item survey was created using “Google Form” and distributed via email and in Tunisian dentists Facebook groups. 50 printed copies were distributed in the academic dental clinic of Monastir. An excel sheet and the “IBM SPSS” software were used for data analysis of the respondents, 50.6% demonstrated sufficient knowledge regarding general aspects of BEAs; however, 63% reported feeling inadequately informed about their management. A total of 168 BEAs were recorded, of which only 29.8% were officially reported to occupational health authorities’ Tunisian dentists possess sufficient knowledge regarding BEAs and their management, Nevertheless, many still feel ill-informed about the subject. Providing additional information could strengthen their knowledge, encourage reporting and enhance prevention efforts in Tunisia.

The aim of this study was to assess the available literature on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the osseointegration of dental implants in humans. The present literature review explores the question: “Does vitamin D supplementation have an impact on dental implant osseointegration?” Relevant publications were identified through electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, covering the period from January 2018 to April 2025, using the MeSH terms: Vitamin D, Dental Implants, and Osseointegration. Only human studies published in English or French were considered. The reviewed literature includes articles such as narrative and systematic reviews, clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, case series, and case reports the electronic search yielded a total of 1,542 articles. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria [2 randomized clinical trials, 2 prospective studies, 1 retrospective study, 1 case report, and 2 literature reviews], comprising clinical data from 316 patients. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance osseointegration, notably in patients with deficiency. More research is needed to standardize supplementation protocols.

The hybrid nanomaterials represent a revolutionary type of engineered structure that lies on the boundary of the chemistry and materials science and nanotechnology. With a combination of discrete organic-inorganic, metallic-polymeric, or bio-inspired constituents at the nanoscale, the systems are strongly synergistic in terms of physicochemical properties, and by far outperform their individual components. This structural and functional tunability has provided new opportunities in sensor technology, energy conversion and sustainability in catalysis that has never been seen before. Recent progress in interfacial design, atomic-level assembly, as well as nanoscale characterization, have made it possible to highly tune charge dynamics, surface reactivity, and selective molecular recognition. In sensor devices, the hybrid nanomaterials have excellent sensitivity and signal fidelity due to the property of the designs of heterostructures engineering and quantum confinement. Likewise, their hierarchic structures and functional active sites enable efficient energy capture, pollutant reduction as well as green chemical reactions in catalytic systems at ambient conditions. The overlap between artificial intelligence, computational modeling and green synthesis protocols is also rapidly increasing the rational designing of hybrid nanomaterials to be used in sustainable technology applications. It is a review that critically evaluates the new synthesis strategies, structure-property correlations, and multifunctional uses of next-generation hybrid nanomaterials, and shows the progress along with the unfulfilled opportunities of providing scalable, environmentally responsible production. Lastly, the future directions are suggested to a new paradigm of adaptive, circular-economy-oriented design based on integrating efficiency, durability, and ecological compatibility in the state-of-the-art materials engineering.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern causing multi-organ complications, with postmenopausal women being particularly vulnerable due to hormonal and metabolic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study at the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 2014–June 2015) included 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes to assess the association of microalbuminuria with renal function markers. After ethical approval and consent, fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected to measure glucose, HbA1c, serum albumin, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, microalbuminuria, and ACR. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with t-tests and Pearson’s correlation; p < 0.05 was significant. Results: In 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, 78% were microalbuminuria positive. Prevalence was 94.4% with abnormal serum albumin, 100% with raised ACR, and 91.7% with raised serum creatinine. Microalbuminuria correlated strongly with serum albumin (r = –0.750), urinary creatinine (r = –0.762), ACR (r = +0.997), and serum creatinine (r = +0.694), all p = 0.001. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is strongly associated with renal function markers, highlighting the need for early detection of kidney dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.

The FiLaC™ (Fistula Laser Closure) technique has emerged as a valuable sphincter-preserving option for the treatment of cryptogenic anal fistulas, combining efficacy with functional safety. This retrospective study was conducted at the Hepato-Gastroenterology and Proctology Department of Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, between January 2023 and January 2025. Twenty-five patients with cryptogenic anal fistulas underwent treatment using the FiLaC™ procedure, following initial drainage with a seton. Fistulas secondary to Crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, or malignancy were excluded. Cure was defined as complete closure of the fistulous tract and both orifices without recurrence during 24 months of follow-up. The mean age was 45.3 years, with a slight male predominance. Transsphincteric fistulas were the most frequent (44%), and the overall success rate reached 84%, without any case of postoperative incontinence. Univariate analysis showed that a short fistulous tract and a small internal opening were associated with better outcomes (p = 0.036 and p = 0.042, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only the short fistula tract remained a significant independent predictor of success (p = 0.04; OR = 5.12). Recurrent cases were successfully managed with a second FiLaC™ session. The technique was well tolerated and reproducible, with mean energy delivery of 699 Joules and an average fiber withdrawal time of 61.6 seconds. These results confirm that FiLaC™ is a minimally invasive and reliable technique for the management of cryptogenic anal fistulas, offering a high healing rate and optimal preservation of continence. The short length of the fistulous tract appears to be the most decisive predictive factor of long-term success.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy and the primary source of natural fiber worldwide. Despite its significance, cotton productivity remains suboptimal due to a narrow genetic base, biotic and abiotic stresses, and declining soil fertility. Breeding programs therefore focus on developing new, high-yielding, and stress-tolerant advance lines that can outperform existing commercial cultivars. In this study, field evaluation and molecular profiling were conducted on a set of advance lines derived from FH-490 and compared with standard commercial checks (e.g., FH-942, SLH-2010, CIM-70). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal sowing conditions. Agronomic traits including plant height, monopodial and sympodial branches, number of bolls, boll weight, and seed cotton yield were recorded alongside fiber quality and physiological parameters. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes, with L-1 and L-4 recording the highest yields, while FH-942 and SLH-2010 performed poorly. Molecular analysis using SSR markers revealed polymorphism that differentiated the advance lines, with SSR4-170 notably associated with tolerance under limited water conditions. The integration of field performance with DNA fingerprinting allowed a clearer understanding of both genetic diversity and adaptive potential. This study identifies promising lines (L-1, L-2, L-4, L-5) with superior yield and fiber quality, suggesting their suitability for inclusion in breeding pipelines. Findings emphasize the importance of combining morphological evaluation with molecular tools to accelerate the development of resilient cotton varieties capable of sustaining production under evolving climatic and resource constraints.

Post-cardiac arrest care represents a critical link in the chain of survival, yet outcomes for patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) remain suboptimal. The period following ROSC is characterized by the complex, multisystem pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), which includes profound brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, and a systemic ischemia-reperfusion response. Improving survival and neurological function requires a shift from a series of isolated interventions to a comprehensive, structured, and multidisciplinary system of care that spans the entire patient journey from the pre-hospital environment to the intensive care unit (ICU) and beyond. This review examines the integrated protocols that define modern post-cardiac arrest management. It details the continuum of care, beginning with pre-hospital stabilization and transitioning to in-hospital therapeutic strategies, including targeted temperature management (TTM), hemodynamic optimization, and neurological protection. A central focus is placed on elucidating the distinct and interdependent roles of a broad multidisciplinary team, encompassing not only direct clinical providers such as Paramedics, Nursing Specialists, and Respiratory Therapists, but also the essential technical and administrative personnel who form the operational backbone of this system. The specific contributions of Radiologic Technologists, Biomedical Technicians and Specialists, Nursing Technicians, Unit Coordinators, and Medical Secretaries are analyzed to demonstrate how their functions are integral to the consistent and reliable implementation of evidence-based guidelines. The review further explores the communication strategies and systemic protocols that orchestrate this complex collaboration, addresses common implementation challenges, and surveys the future landscape of post-cardiac arrest care, including emerging technologies and evolving therapeutic paradigms. The central thesis is that optimal patient outcomes are not merely a function of clinical expertise but are fundamentally dependent on the seamless integration of this entire multidisciplinary ensemble.

Introduction: The main objective of our study is to assess the importance, direction, and predictability of dentofacial changes following LeFort I maxillary advancement while focusing on the extent of improvement of the soft and hard tissue profile of the face after surgery. Material and Method: This is a retrospective study carried out on patients treated in the dentofacial orthopedics unit at the Farhat Hached University Hospital of Soussa. The data of the study were obtained from a sample of 20 participants aged at least 18 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed on each patient and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0. Spearman's correlation test and simple linear regression test were used. The normality of the sample distribution was studied with the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. Results: A negative and statistically insignificant correlation was found between patient age and the amount of maxillary advancement. The SNA and ANB angles were significantly and positively correlated with the amount of maxillary advancement. There was also a positive, statistically significant correlation between the amount of advancement and the thickness of the postoperative upper lip, which was confirmed by simple linear regression analysis, whereas the Z and nasolabial angles were negatively and significantly correlated with the amount of advancement. Also, a positive and statistically significant correlation was found between upper incisor exposure and upper lip thickness and length. Discussion: The results found in the literature have commonalities and differences with those found in our study, these comparisons will be discussed in our article. Conclusion: These variations should be taken into consideration and anticipated in our daily practice.

Background: Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems and often requires comprehensive treatment strategies. Conventional correction methods typically depend on high levels of patient compliance and may involve complex mechanics or extractions. The introduction of skeletal anchorage systems, particularly infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews, has provided an effective alternative for non-compliant and non-extraction cases. Objective: This case report aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of IZC-assisted en-masse distalization in correcting a Class II malocclusion Case Presentation: A 20-year-old female presented with a skeletal Class I malocclusion, Angle Class II relationship on the right side, right posterior crossbite, maxillary midline deviation, and proclined anterior teeth. Treatment objectives included correcting the midline, establishing Class I molar and canine relationships, resolving the crossbite, and improving facial esthetics. A passive self-ligating appliance system (Genius system) was used alongside skeletal anchorage via an IZC miniscrew to achieve en-masse distalization. A sequence of NiTi and stainless-steel archwires was used for alignment and torque control. Crossbite correction was achieved using flipped brackets, bite blocks, and criss-cross elastics. En-masse distalization was carried out using an IZC miniscrew and power arms to generate controlled force vectors. Final results showed successful correction of the Class II relationship, midline alignment, ideal overjet and overbite, and improved smile esthetics. Functional occlusion with proper guidance was also achieved. Conclusion: IZC miniscrew-supported distalization provides a reliable, compliance-independent solution for Class II correction. This approach offers excellent control of tooth movement, eliminates the need for extractions in many cases, and enhances both esthetic and functional outcomes with minimal patient cooperation.

Objectification, according to Martha Nussbaum, is the act of treating someone as an instrument or object. And objectification theory offers a significant framework for comprehending, researching, and intervening to enhance the lives of women in a sociocultural environment that sexually objectifies the female physique and links a woman’s value to her physical appearance and sexual abilities. Further, sexual objectification encompasses a broad range of practices and institutions that contribute to the portrayal of women as mere sex objects. This objectification theory explicates the harms and wrongs of sexual objectification, as it explains the association between instrumentalization and the processes of social stereotyping facilitate its functioning. This paper, therefore, investigates how Mira is sexually objectified in Shashi Deshpande’s The Binding Vine, and its devastatingly traumatic impact on the victim’s psyche.

The increasing incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire with 17,300 new cases reported in 2020, has motived improvements in patient care, marked by the establishment of a National Centre for Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with international standards regarding the safe handling of cytotoxic drugs, which pose risks to healthcare personnel, patients, and the environment. The methodology encompassed all stages of the anticancer drug management circuit. Failure modes in management that could lead to risks, particularly during the handling of anticancer drugs, were analyzed using the Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method. These failure modes or non-compliant practices were previously identified using the Cyto-SAT tool, which is adapted for evaluating anticancer drug handling practices in low- and middle-income countries. The median compliance rate with good practices was 69%. Among all identified or potential failures, 61 risks were identified. Regarding processes directly involving pharmaceutical activities, specifically logistics and preparation, 21 risks were prioritized. Twenty-seven actions were defined to control them. During the study, the rate of safe practices at the CNRAO was higher than the average rate in low-income countries and that of middle-income countries. For a new centre, the CNRAO shows promising results. It is essential to continue and improve the implementation of safe handling practices to protect both patients and healthcare staff.

Dr. Shankar Raghunath Phatak (1896-1981) in his Materia Medica & Repertory books mentioned in the preface of these two books about how homoeopathy is a science as well as an art. [1,2] A homoeopath is only successful when he/she uses his/her scientific & artistic skills. Here, in homoeopathy through the art, enters the philosophy. This is the main focus of the article where in the philosophical aspect of homoeopathy has to be understood & applied in therapeutics. The background of the therapeutics of homoeopathy rests on philosophy. The article looks into the background, history & its journey into the 2025 year of 21st century. The article also examines the influence of philosophy towards the developments of Homoeopathy not only in India but at the global level. Touching upon the basics of philosophy, the article also traverses through the academic progress & curriculum development in Under Graduation of homoeopathy academics & education in India.

This research aimed to assess common bean genotypes for genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advancement under varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) in hydroponic systems. Eight common bean genotypes were grown and evaluated in a two-factor completely randomized design with three replications in three NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 150 mM, 300 mM) at the Molecular lab of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, during 2022. Analysis showed substantial differences among eight genotypes for all traits across three NaCl levels. Mean ranges under 0, 150, and 300 mM NaCl concentration 10.93 to 20.87 cm, 8.71 to 21.43 cm, and 11.64 to 21.58 cm for hypocotyl length, and from 13.02 to 23.63, 10.51 to 15.9, and 6.96 to 12.99 for chlorophyll content, and from 32.33 to 46.67 cm, 34.00 to 57.33 cm and 33.50 to 45.67 cm for plant height, and from 10.73 to 15.30 cm, and 11.10 to 15.30 cm and 10.00 to 15.70 cm for epicotyl length. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 for various traits of common bean genotypes in all three levels of NaCl. The highest heritability was recorded for hypocotyl length (0.93) in 150mM NaCl concentrations, while the lowest heritability was recorded for plant height (0.62) in 300mM NaCl and also for hypocotyl length in 0mM 0.62 NaCl concentrations. The highest genetic advance value was estimated for plant height (8.26) in all NaCl concentrations, i.e., 4.10 in 0 mM NaCl, 8.26 in 150 mM NaCl, and 3.96 in 300 mM NaCl, respectively. Based on the current experiment, genotypes SW-32, GL299, and GL-287 appeared to be superior, with the highest values for plant height, chlorophyll content, and hypocotyl length. These results are recommended for future breeding programs aimed at improving salt tolerance in common bean genotypes.

The accurate determination of fluoride concentration in environmental and drinking water is critical for protecting public health and ensuring compliance with international water quality standards. In this study, a validated and efficient photometric method for fluoride quantification was developed using the Spectroquant Fluoride Test (Merck). The method is based on the reaction of fluoride ions with alizarin complex one and lanthanum (III) in a weakly acidic buffered medium to form a stable violet-colored complex, the absorbance of which is measured photometrically. The analytical procedure exhibits excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and precision across two quantifiable ranges: 0.10–2.00 mg/L and 1.0–20.0 mg/L F⁻, in accordance with EPA Method 340.3 and APHA Standard Method 4500-F E. Comprehensive validation was conducted to assess linearity, accuracy, and reproducibility, along with extensive interference studies covering common ions and organic substances. The findings confirmed negligible interferences under the optimized conditions, demonstrating the robustness of the method for diverse aqueous matrices. The reagents showed high chemical stability within the recommended storage conditions, maintaining consistent analytical performance over time. Owing to its simplicity, rapid execution, and low operational cost, this photometric approach represents a practical alternative to more complex techniques such as ion-selective electrodes and ion chromatography. The method’s applicability to groundwater, surface water, seawater, wastewater, and drinking water highlights its reliability as a universal tool for routine monitoring and regulatory compliance in fluoride analysis.

Background and aim: Failure of heart (HF) represents a cause of illness and death. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), identified as rs2295490, within the human gene tribbles pseudokinase 3 – glutamine at position 84 (TRB3 Q84) has been linked to a predisposition for early diagnosis of insulin resistance at a young age and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess serum TRB3 Q84 levels in individuals with heart failure and to explore potential associations with selected biochemical markers. Materials and methods: A study was conducted involving 120 Iraqi participants, 60 heart failure patients; their ages ranged from <40 – 70> years (35 males and 25 females). To compare the results, 60 healthy adults were included as a control group; their ages ranged from <40 – 70> years (35 males and 25 females). The serum of TRB3 Q84 levels and markers of metabolic like BMI, W/H, SBP, DBP, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, BNP, FSG, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and TGF-β were measured. The results were measured by statistical analysis. Results: As comparison between the groups of heart failure and control, respectively, the *mean* of the biomarkers showed a significantly increased of BNP levels (140±9 versus 50±7, P=0.02), FSG (104.3±8 versus 82.5±6, P=0.03), insulin (10±0.5 versus 6±0.2, P=0.05), *HOMA-IR* (4.1±0.3 versus 2.5±0.2, P=0.02), TGF-β (4.5±0.4 versus 3±0.2, P=0.02) and TRB3 Q84 (3±0.2 versus 1.85±0.1, P=0.01), while the mean of QUICKI levels showed a significantly decreased in the group of heart failure as compared with the group of control, respectively (0.38±0.02 versus 0.59±0.03, P=0.01). A strong significant direct correlation between TRB3 Q84 and BNP, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR and TGF-β levels, while QUICKI levels *showed* a strong* *significant* *indirect* correlation with *TRB3 Q84* level. Conclusions: A *significant* *strong* - *positive* *correlation* was observed* between* TRB3 Q84, BNP, FSG, insulin, HOMA-IR and TGF-β biomarkers, while a significant strong negative correlation was identified between TRB3 Q84 and QUICKI in heart failure patients. Therefore, TRB3 Q84 levels may be used as an early diagnostic marker to identify permanent corneal fibrosis in heart failure patients.