Background: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is highly prevalent among working adults, particularly in desk-based occupations, and is associated with neck pain, disability, and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Various interventions, including exercise protocols, ergonomic modifications, and digital feedback training, have been proposed to correct FHP, but a synthesized review of their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To systematically review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for FHP in working adults, focusing on improvements in posture angles, neck pain, and disability. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and intervention studies published between 2021 to 2025, targeting working adults with FHP. Key outcomes included craniovertebral angle (CVA), neck pain (VAS/NPRS), and neck disability index (NDI). Study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and findings were extracted and tabulated. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, involving interventions such as scapular stabilization exercises, cervical and thoracic strengthening, postural education, and digital biofeedback. Most studies reported significant improvements in CVA, reduction in neck pain, and improved NDI scores, with combined exercise and ergonomic interventions showing the greatest effect. Conclusion: Exercise-based interventions, particularly those incorporating scapular and thoracic strengthening, are effective in improving posture and reducing neck pain and disability in working adults. Integration of ergonomic modifications and digital feedback enhances outcomes. Future studies should include long-term follow-up and standardized protocols for workplace-based interventions.

The generative artificial intelligence is altering the way visual content is created, distributed, and consumed in marketing, design and creative practices. Since digital environments are inundated with visual content, businesses are turning to AI systems to accelerate the production, customize the experience, as well as experiment with new appearances. The paper will examine the impact of generative AI on visual communication, creativity, authorship, and design work. The current research and the trends of the industry indicate that creativity is no longer a purely human endeavor, but rather a combination of human and AI work. Although AI can be used to generate ideas quickly, with high scale of variation, and adaptive visual strategy, authenticity, cultural resonance, and ethical accountability of the work remain the domain of humans. This paper creates a conceptual framework to understand this new landscape, identifies its implications on visual marketing, and suggests viable ways of action when a company wants to adopt generative systems effectively. It concludes with identifying key limitations and outlining a future research agenda on the topic of human-AI creative ecosystems.

Background: Infertility is a growing reproductive health concern globally and poses substantial social and psychological challenges in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Despite increasing demand for infertility services, comprehensive couple-based data describing socio-demographic and clinical profiles of infertile couples in Bangladesh remain limited. Objective: To describe the socio-demographic characteristics, infertility patterns, reproductive history, and clinical profiles of couples seeking infertility care in selected healthcare facilities in Bangladesh. Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2024 at three private and semi-specialized infertility care centers in Bangladesh. Married couples presenting with primary or secondary infertility were consecutively enrolled. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Socio-demographic variables, infertility characteristics, female and male clinical factors, endocrine conditions, semen parameters, and lifestyle factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 362 couples were included. The mean age was 26.9 ± 4.7 years for women and 33.1 ± 5.3 years for men, with most couples residing in urban areas (83.7%). Primary infertility accounted for 51.9% of cases, and secondary infertility for 48.1%, with a median infertility duration of 36 months (IQR: 23–60). Among women with secondary infertility, spontaneous abortion was the most commonly reported prior pregnancy outcome (62.1%). Female factor infertility was identified in 94.2% of women, predominantly polycystic ovary syndrome (75.7%) and hypothyroidism (32.9%). Male factor infertility was identified in 43.3% of men; normozoospermia was observed in 74.0%, while asthenozoospermia was present in 19.0%. Mean body mass index was in the overweight range for both women (25.9 ± 4.6 kg/m²) and men (25.7 ± 3.5 kg/m²). Conclusion: Couples seeking infertility care in Bangladesh commonly present after prolonged infertility and exhibit a high burden of identifiable female and male clinical factors, alongside modifiable lifestyle characteristics. These findings underscore the need for integrated, couple-centered infertility services and timely access to standardized diagnostic and management pathways.

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in industries due to their favorable mechanical properties, low density, and natural passivation. However, they remain susceptible to corrosion in acidic environments, necessitating effective and environmentally friendly inhibition strategies. In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of two phenolic acid derivatives, vanillic acid (VA) and isovanillic acid (ISVA), on aluminum was investigated using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. DFT calculations revealed that VA exhibits a higher HOMO energy, smaller energy gap, greater global softness, and larger fraction of electrons transferred compared to ISVA, indicating stronger electron-donating ability, higher chemical reactivity, and enhanced adsorption propensity. Fukui function analysis identified oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups as primary reactive sites, with O (4), O (8), O (11), and O (12) in VA and O (11) in ISVA, highlighting the crucial role of oxygen-containing functional groups in adsorption. MD simulations confirmed strong adsorption of both inhibitors on the Al (111) surface, with adsorption energies of -0.692 eV (VA) and -0.706 eV (ISVA), and revealed favorable molecular orientation, surface coverage, and hydrogen bonding interactions stabilizing the protective layer. Integrating DFT and MD results, VA was identified as the more effective corrosion inhibitor due to its higher reactivity, multiple active adsorption sites, and stronger electron-donating capability. This study provides molecular-level insights into corrosion inhibition mechanisms and supports the rational design of environmentally friendly inhibitors for aluminum in acidic media.

Introduction: The fibula is an important long bone of the leg that contributes to ankle stability, weight transmission, and serves as a preferred donor site for bone grafting. Knowledge of its morphometry and nutrient foramen characteristics is essential for orthopedic, reconstructive, and vascular procedures. Aim of the research was to study the morphology, morphometry, and position of nutrient foramina of the fibula in an Indian population. A descriptive osteometric study was conducted on 50 dried adult human fibulae, comprising 25 right- and 25 left-sided bones. Measurements of fibular length and articular facet dimensions were recorded using a digital Vernier caliper and osteometric board. Nutrient foramina were identified using a magnifying lens and their positions were classified according to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the shaft. Result: The mean fibular length was slightly higher on the right side (34.52 ± 1.34 cm) compared to the left (34.24 ± 1.42 cm), with no statistically significant side-to-side difference (p > 0.05). Measurements of superior and inferior articular facets also showed no significant bilateral variation. A total of 47 nutrient foramina were identified, with the majority (78.7%) located in the middle one-third of the fibular shaft. Conclusion: The study demonstrates bilateral symmetry in fibular morphometry and a predominant localization of nutrient foramina in the middle third of the shaft. These findings provide useful baseline anatomical data relevant to orthopedic surgery, bone grafting, and forensic applications.

Effective counselling in universities can address work-related stress, interpersonal conflicts, career concerns, and burnout for both students and staff alike. This study explored the knowledge, perception, and utilization of counselling services among staff members of Edo State University, Iyamho. Using a descriptive survey design, data were gathered from 15 participants (53.3% male; 46.7% female) through a validated 27-item questionnaire (α = 0.83). Findings showed that while 60% of respondents were aware of counselling services, only 33.3% knew the unit’s location and 6.7% knew its working hours, resulting in an overall knowledge score of 43.81%. Staff members generally had positive perceptions of counselling, agreeing that it helps manage work-related stress (M = 4.33, SD = 1.13) and reflects strength rather than weakness (M = 4.40, SD = 1.15). Despite this, utilization remained low, with only 13.33% having accessed counselling services, primarily for personal and career-related concerns (6.7% each). Satisfaction levels were moderate (M = 3.5 ± 2.37), and no significant relationship was found between demographic characteristics and service use (p > 0.05). The findings indicate a gap between awareness, perception, and actual use, suggesting the need for improved visibility, better communication, and enhanced trust in counsellor competence. Strengthening awareness campaigns and ensuring confidentiality could promote greater utilization and support staff mental well-being.

Background: Glenoid version is a key morphometric parameter influencing glenohumeral joint biomechanics, stability, and load distribution. Alterations in glenoid orientation, particularly increased retroversion, have been implicated in abnormal joint kinematics, posterior humeral head translation, and degenerative shoulder conditions. While glenoid version has been extensively studied in normal and arthritic shoulders, its role in frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) remains inadequately explored, especially in relation to repetitive overhead activity. Aim: To evaluate glenoid version in patients with frozen shoulder using computed tomography (CT) and to analyze its association with dominance and overhead activity. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 40 patients clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder. Glenoid version was measured on axial CT images using the Friedman method. Comparisons were made between dominant and non-dominant shoulders and between patients with and without a history of repetitive overhead activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with results expressed as mean, standard deviation, and p-values. Results: The mean glenoid version was −10.9 ± 3.4°, indicating overall retroversion. Increased retroversion (>10°) was observed in 45% of patients. Glenoid retroversion was significantly greater in patients with overhead activity compared to those without (p < 0.001) and on the dominant side compared to the non-dominant side (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Increased glenoid retroversion is common in frozen shoulder patients, particularly in those with dominant-side involvement and repetitive overhead activity, suggesting a possible biomechanical contribution to disease pathology. Keywords: Glenoid version, glenoid fossa, retroversion, observational study.

Here we compare open cholecystectomy (OC) and Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with respect to duration of surgery, duration of post operative pain and duration of post operative stay in the hospital. 150 patients below 80 years were selectio to carryout the present study in District Hospital Bandipora and Tertiary Care Hospital Srinagar from May 2021 to July 2023. The patients were rendomly assigned into two groups X and Y. Group X consisted of patients that underwent Laparoscopic surgery and Group Y consists of patients that undergo open surgery. The result shows that duration of surgery, duration of pain and stay in the hospital where lower in Laparoscopic group. Main advantages of LC were reducted pain, rapaid recovery and reduced hospital stay.

In Sudan sugarcane is a key agricultural crop which significantly contributes in economy. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of soil characteristics on sugarcane production at Halfa and Algunied areas. Soil samples were perfectly collected from different parts of each site and analyzed. Soil texture, bulk Density, sand%, clay%, moisture, pH, EC, Alkalinity 〖CO〗_3^(2-),H〖CO〗_3^-,〖Cl〗^-,〖SO〗_4^(2-) and macro nutrient were determined. SAR, RSC were calculated. Some parameters showed clear variations in the two areas. Halfa soil showed mean values of pH (6.99), alkalinity (1000mg/l), chloride (520meq/l), sulfate (10.8mg/kg), bicarbonate (5.2meq/l), and SAR (3.00) indicating high potential sodicity risks. At Algunaid the mean values were pH (7.69), Alkalinity (1066mg/l), chloride (4.5meq/l), bicarbonate (6.5meq/l) and SAR (0.85).

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Senegal, particularly in areas in the pre-elimination phase, such as the department of Saint-Louis, where the incidence of cases has increased sharply between 2021 and 2024. This study aimed to characterize the larval breeding sites of Anopheles gambiae complex the main vectors of malaria, and to identify the species present. Surveys were carried out during the 2024 rainy season in five municipalities of the department. Each deposit was described, georeferenced and subjected to physicochemical measurements (pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity). Larval density was estimated by the dipping method. Out of 143 gîtes visited, 100 were positive for anopheles’ larvae, of which 59% were natural and 41% were artificial. Breeding sites smaller than 10 m² concentrated 82.3% of the larvae (p < 0.001). Mapping showed high activity in the middle of the rainy season, particularly in Cité Niakh (Saint-Louis), Ngallèle (Saint-Louis), Pikine (Saint-Louis) and Diougop (Gandon), with a decrease at the end of the rainy season. PCR identification showed that the majority consisted of Anopheles arabiensis (95%), followed by An. melas (4%) and An. gambiae s.s. (1%). The physicochemical parameters of the deposits had averages of pH 8.12 ± 0.55, temperature 31.6°C ± 4.28, salinity 4.38 g/L ± 3.21 and conductivity 8,135 μS/cm ± 5,990. In conclusion, these results highlight the complexity of the ecological factors influencing the presence of mosquito vectors and emphasize the need to strengthen entomological surveillance and implement targeted actions to limit malaria transmission in this area.

Sugarcane plays a vital role in the industrial growth of Sudan as an important economic crop. This work was aiming to measure the availability of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P and N as macro-nutrients in Halfa and Alguneid sugarcane schemes. Soil samples were collected from different parts of each sugarcane growing field. Minerals concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Notable differences in nutrients content were indicated between Halfa and Alguneid soils. Halfa scheme soils showed minerals content means as Mg (16.76 meq/L), Na (9.89meq/L), and Ca (0.91 meq/L). Algunied soils showed significantly low means of Na (0.367 meq/L), Mg (0.32 meq/L) and Ca (0.058 meq/L). The mean of Algunied soil N (0.067%) was almost similar to that of Halfa N (0.051%), which may reflect the insufficient nitrogen supply for optimum sugarcane growth. Phosphorus showed low mean values in the two fields as (0.00015%) in Halfa and (0.0013%) in Alguneid soils indicating a severe deficiency that can negatively influence root development and yield potential. Halfa soils may need gypsum applications whereas Algunied field may require fertilization management including P and N.

Introduction: Polyherbal extracts contain various bioactive compounds that work synergistically to provide stronger therapeutic effects than single extracts. However, their use in the pharmaceutical field still faces challenges, especially related to low solubility, instability, and limited bioavailability. Microparticulate system technology presents an innovative solution that can increase the effectiveness of herbal drug delivery through physical protection of active compounds, controlled release, and increased absorption in the body. Objective: This review discusses research progress that integrates polyherbal extracts in microparticulate formulations, including polymer selection, manufacturing techniques, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through searches in the last ten years [2015–2025] obtained through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords related to "polyherbal" and "microencapsulation" with a focus on articles on formulation studies and pharmacological evaluations in the last ten years. Results: The study showed that microparticulates were able to improve the entrapment efficiency, phytochemical stability, and therapeutic activity of polyherbal extracts, especially in oral and transdermal routes of administration. However several limitations such as the variability of natural product composition, potential interactions between compounds, and regulatory challenges still require further attention. The development of more advanced formulation technology as well as standardized toxicological and clinical studies are urgently needed to encourage the implementation of microparticulate herbal products on an industrial scale. Conclusion: Overall, polyherbal microparticulate systems have promising prospects as a safe, effective, and competitive strategy for modernizing herbal medicines.

Selective abortion following a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome presents complex ethical and religious challenges, particularly within the context of Qatar. Advances in prenatal screening enable early detection of chromosomal conditions, prompting debates grounded in the principles of autonomy and non-maleficence. While autonomy emphasizes the pregnant individual’s right to make informed reproductive choices, it does not provide sufficient moral justification for terminating a fetus granted moral personhood. Arguments based on anticipated familial burden or altered expectations fail to demonstrate that lives affected by Down syndrome lack value. From the perspective of non-maleficence, abortion constitutes significant harm by depriving the fetus of a “future like ours,” and claims of psychological harm rely on speculative judgments shaped by societal discrimination rather than intrinsic suffering. Islamic bioethics and Qatari law further restrict abortion, permitting it only under specific conditions, such as severe fetal anomalies before ensoulment or maternal health risks. These frameworks affirm the sanctity of life and reject disability-based termination. Ultimately, ethical responses should prioritize inclusion, reduce stigma, and strengthen support systems for families, aligning medical practice with principles of justice and the equal dignity of all human lives.

Background: Nurses’ job satisfaction is a very important issue that determines the stability of the workforce, quality of treatment provided, and performance of a given organization. The level of demand in hospitals, staffing issues, and dependence on expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia, especially in the Eastern Region, are growing, which is why the level of job satisfaction is crucial to assess. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of job satisfaction among nurses at major hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia and further determine institutional, job, and family related factors that affect job satisfaction based on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used. A total of 390 registered nurses from four large hospitals were used as the data source using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The measures were institutional characteristics, job characteristics, family support, job satisfaction, absenteeism, and intention to leave. They were done using Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed moderate to high levels of overall job satisfaction among nurses. Job characteristics were found to be the best predictor of job satisfaction (b = 0.48, p < 0.001), followed by institutional characteristics (b = 0.34, p < 0.001) and family support (b = 0.16, p = 0.001). Major differences in job satisfaction were found in terms of age, experience, and clinical department. Conclusion: The Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg is in line with the findings that indicate that intrinsic job-related factors are the most determining factors in the job satisfaction of nurses in major hospitals in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Nurse satisfaction, retention, and quality of healthcare services can be enhanced through improvements in recognition, professional growth, and working environments.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the first endocrinopathy found in newborns. it is a pathology subject to systematic screening in most countries around the world. Pendrid syndrome is a genetic cause of HC with thyroid gland in situ. It is a genetic condition in “SLC26A4 gene” (OMIM 605646) encoding Pendrin protein, and resulting in neurosensory deafness with congenital hypothyroidism and goiter. The presence of the 2 major symptoms; deafness and CH, consolidates the diagnosis while genetic sequencing is an element of confirmation. We report the observation of an infant who is a candidate for cochlear implant surgery and who was referred to us for hypothyroidism, in whom there is a history of severe pneumonia on bronchiectasis, which is a manifestation directly related to pendrid syndrome. An adequate thyroid biological and morphological evaluation, as well as screening for other malformations that may be associated with pendrid syndrome are extremely important in a holistic management of this genetic disease. To also recall the vital role that systematic screening for HC can play in preventing neurological disability among children, a procedure that is still not systematic in our country and that we fight to implement it.