Introduction: Pregnancy is the period when the women is undergoes through physical and emotional changes. The physical changes can lead to impaired pelvic floor muscle strength and psychological changes in body. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BMRT protocol on pelvic floor muscle and QOL among pregnant females. Method: A quasi experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BMRT protocol on urinary incontinence and QOL among pregnant females. Convenience sampling method was used to recruit the participant in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. ICIQ-UI SF outcome measure was used to evaluate the status of urinary incontinence and QOL-GRAV-U scale was used to evaluate the QOL of pregnant females. Afte data collection statical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result: Total 113 females participated in the study. All the females received the treatment protocol and the pre-post intervention assessment was done and the finding of paired t test is showing the significant improvement in symptoms of urinary incontinence with the p value of 0.00. The combination of music therapy and breathing exercise was also effective to improve the quality of life with the p value of 0.00. Conclusion: The study concludes that BMRT protocol is effective to improve the urinary incontinence symptoms and quality of life among pregnant females.

Introduction: Planned full-term cesarean section is part of a set of priority targeted procedures due in particular to their frequency, the disparity of practices and a dynamic of increase. The decision on the mode of delivery (planned cesarean or natural delivery) is re-evaluated throughout the pregnancy depending on medical and obstetrical elements concerning the woman. The mode of delivery may ultimately be different from that initially planned. There has not been an evaluation of our indications for planned cesarean sections, hence the interest in initiating this work. Objective: Our aim was to determine the rate of planned cesarean section at term according to clinical practice recommendations. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with retrospective recruitment of files over a period of eighteen months, taking place from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024 in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the hospital. from Mali to Bamako. The target population was women seen in prenatal consultations during the study period. The inclusion criteria were all patients with an indication for planned cesarean section at our department during the study period. The non-inclusion criteria were indications for cesarean sections during labor in our department during the study period. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS software. The Pearson chi-square test as well as the Fisher exact test with a significance threshold of 5% (p ˂ 0.05) were used for the interpretation of the data. Results: Our cesarean section rate was 12.3% (n=64/520). The main indications were respectively multi-scarred uterus, diabetic macrosomia, scarred uterus + borderline pelvis, severe preeclampsia and pregnancy and immature pelvis with respectively 4%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 1.2% and 1.2%. At the end 12% (n=12/520) of primiparous women had undergone a cesarean section compared to 10% (n=52/520) of multiparous women. Conclusion: It is important to communicate internally with all professionals concerned for the decision-making of planned cesarean section, in order to choose the most appropriate mode of delivery while avoiding unjustified cesarean sections, thus reducing the number of scarred uteri linked to Cesarean section can cause multiple scarring of the uterus.

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of phenylhydrazine on creatinine clearance, hence GFR and the relationship between GFR and aldosterone. Sixteen 16 male Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250 grams were randomly divided into four groups namely: Group 1 – Normal control Group 2 - Hematinic group (Fes): fed normal rat chow + tap water + ferrous sulphate (using an oral gavage at 75mg/kg bw); Group 3 - Anemic -treated group (AFes): administered Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) intraperitoneally for two consecutive days to induce anemia at a dose of 40mg/kg bw + normal rat chow + tap water + ferrous sulphate at 75mg/kg bw. Group 4 (Anu) – Anemic control group: administered Phenlyhydrazine (PHZ) intraperitoneally at a dose of 40mg/kg of bw + normal rat chow + tap water (as in group one). After 15 days, blood and urine samples were collected into sterile sample bottles for analysis. There was a significant (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05) increase in aldosterone levels between Anu, control, Fes and AFes respectively. There was a significant (P<0.001) decrease in control compared with Anu. There was also a significant (P<0.01, P<0.001) decrease in Fes with AFes and Anu. Anu creatinine clearance was also significantly (P<0.001) lower than AFes. Phenylhydrazine intoxication led to a reduction in creatinine clearance and an increase in aldosterone levels, confirming a negative correlation (r= 0.9956, P<0.01) between aldosterone and creatinine clearance. Also, ferrous sulphate tends to reduce the extent to which aldosterone levels increased hence narrowing the margine and or reducing the significance of the correlation.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and potentially serious condition in children, with significant implications for health and development. Limited data exists on the prevalence and management of OSA in Saudi Arabian children. Objective: To study the prevalence and management of OSA in children residing in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An extensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct was performed to locate relevant material. Rayyan QRCI was used to select the eligible articles. Results: Our data includes eight articles with 2619 children, 1254 (47.8%) of whom were males. The prevalence of OSA in Saudi children ranged from 6.6% in school children to 50% in children with SCD, with a total prevalence of 208 (9.9%). Adenotonsillectomy (AT) successfully and effectively managed OSA and lifestyle modifications improved the outcomes of AT. Anti-inflammatory therapy with a combination of nasal steroids and anti-leukotriene significantly lowers the adenectomy rate. Some orthodontic evaluation and orofacial morphology were significantly associated with a higher incidence of OSA. Conclusion: The prevalence of OSA in Saudi children is generally low but rising among children with SCD. AT and lifestyle modifications can reduce the severity and symptoms of sleep apnea in Saudi children with OSA. Anti-inflammatory and steroid therapy was reported to decrease the rate of implementing AT. Certain craniofacial traits were more common, but not consistently, in a subset of juvenile OSA patients. Effective care necessitates a comprehensive approach that includes early detection, surgical and non-surgical procedures, and addressing underlying risk factors like obesity and allergies. By addressing current hurdles and utilizing future research, Saudi Arabia's healthcare system may enhance the quality of life for children with OSA.

This study aimed at finding out whether chronic consumption of oxidized palm oil affects the expression and/or activity of the renal transport proteins involved in the transportation of the electrolytes and glucose. 20 male Wistar rats weighing 120-140gms at the beginning of the experiment were randomly divided into four groups namely: control group, fresh palm oil diet-fed group (FPO); photoxidized palm oil diet-fed group (PPO), and Thermoxidized palm oil diet-fed group (TPO). The control group received normal rat chow while the oil-fed groups received 15% of the respective palm oil diet regimen in addition to tap water for 90 days. After 90 days, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples collected while the kidneys were excised for biochemical analyses. Results showed that aldosterone levels in the PPO and TPO were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) higher than that of control with the levels in the TPO being significantly (P<0.001) higher than PPO. Na+/K+ATPase and H+/K+ATPase activities were significantly (P<0.01; P<0.001, P<0.001) higher in FPO, PPO and TPO compared with control; with the Na+/K+ATPase activities in TPO being significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.05) than FPO and PPO respectively; while K+/H+ATPase activities in TPO were significantly (P< 0.001; P<0.001) higher than FPO and PPO respectively. SGLUT2 concentration in PPO was significantly(P<0.001) lower than control and FPO; and significantly (P<0.001) lower in TPO when compared with control and PPO and FPO. Therefore, chronic consumption of photo-and thermoxidized palm oil diets increases Na+/K+ATPase, and H+/K+ATPase activities, aldosterone levels but lowers SGLUT2 levels in Wistar rats.

Background and Objectives: Our study aims to discover the relationship between forward head posture and to see the impact of increased levels of stress on performing activities of daily living. Material & Methods: 273 participants from Suresh Gyan Vihar University aged 20-45 years were included in this study using a convenient sampling method for data collection Three Outcome measures were used the ON protractor Smartphone Application to determine craniovertebral angle, Perceived stress scale for stress level and Northwick pain rating questionnaire for activities of daily living. Result: In this present study we have found that 86% of young adults both females and males are affected by forward positions working more than 3 hours on electronic gadgets or continuously working in a posture Our analysis shows a significant relationship between forward head posture and perceived stress with a p-value of (P 0.001). Conclusion: Our study confirms the relationship of Forward head posture with perceived stress and activity of daily living by promoting postural awareness we can prevent further postural deformities and improve their quality of life.

Background: The outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is considered as an alternative to hospital treatment. However, these services have not yet become an integral part of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. The present study is intended to estimate the 30-day readmission rate of OPAT patients, estimate healthcare costs in OPAT services, evaluate patient and family satisfaction, and evaluate catheter-related complications. Methods: In this retrospective study, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), 80 patients aged ≥3 months to <14 years, stable and kept only for the completion of IV antibiotics were recruited between the period of November 2020 to October 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, antibiotics used, improvement rate, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness were collected. Results: Significant variations in medical cases are observed, with notable fluctuations in UTI cases and consistent reporting of other medical conditions across the years. Antibiotic usage patterns also vary, with some antibiotics increasing in usage over time. Cost-saving analyses reveal substantial saving associated with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) compared to inpatient care, highlighting OPAT's cost-effectiveness. Inferential findings confirm significant differences in the distribution of medical cases and antibiotic usage across the years. The study highlighted the importance of OPAT in providing patient-centered care and managing healthcare expenses efficiently. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that OPAT is a reliable and cost-effective service. It can reduce the direct cost of life-threatening infections compared to completing the course as an in-patient case. We have saved 93.48% of the overall estimated hospital expense through providing OPAT service.

Cirrhosis is characterised by the formation of regenerative nodules in liver parenchyma surrounded by fibrous septa due to chronic liver injury. It occurs due to necrosis of liver cells followed by fibrosis and nodule formation. Cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease and has many causes including viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake and non alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver cirrhosis effects the quality of life and patient survival. Cirrhotic patients are in need of early diagnosis and careful follow up to prevent further complications.This review article covers the clinical aspects of cirrhosis and its management strategies.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of different types of physical activities (e.g., weight-bearing exercises, resistance training, aerobic exercises) in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods: A comprehensive computerized search of pertinent databases was conducted in order to find studies that satisfied the inclusion requirements. To find pertinent information, a thorough search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science was conducted. Results: Our data included seven trials with 30,728 women. Each study included a different exercise program, such as walking impulse, general regular exercise, aerobic exercise, and multipurpose exercise. Frequent regular exercise for a longer duration (>1 h) had considerably stronger preventative benefits for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The multifunctional exercise regimen described here had a positive impact on specific musculoskeletal, BMD, body composition, and cardiometabolic endpoints. After a meal, 45 minutes of suprathreshold speed-enhanced accelerated walking on level ground can prevent or mitigate postmenopausal osteoporosis in stationary women. Hormone replacement therapy and aerobic exercise can raise vertebral bone mineral density. Conclusion: For postmenopausal women, physical activity is a crucial non-pharmacological intervention in preventing osteoporosis. Personalized exercise prescriptions are necessary, nevertheless, as evidenced by the variation in the efficacy of various exercise regimens. Subsequent studies have to persist in refining our comprehension of the ideal workout plans for averting osteoporosis and tackling the obstacles associated with consistency and durability.

International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University, Malaysia Pregnant mothers with uncompleted pregnancies should be encouraged to perform physical exercises. Aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises are beneficial in pregnancy [1].

The past ten years have seen significant expansion in the aviation sector, which during the previous five years has steadily pushed emerging countries closer to economic independence. It is crucial to accurately forecast the potential demand for air travel to make long-term financial plans. To forecast market demand for low-cost passenger carriers, this study suggests working with low-cost airlines, airports, consultancies, and governmental institutions' strategic planning divisions. The study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-based methods, notably fuzzy inference systems (FIS), to determine the most accurate forecasting technique for domestic low-cost carrier demand in Bangladesh. To give end users real-world applications, the study includes nine variables, two sub-FIS, and one final Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System utilizing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) made with the app designer tool. The evaluation criteria used in this inquiry included mean square error (MSE), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. The effectiveness of the developed Air Passenger Demand Prediction FIS is assessed using 240 data sets, and the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and MSE values are 90.83%, 91.09%, 90.77%, and 2.09%, respectively.

This study examined the relationship between supplier relationship management and the effectiveness of firm's supply chain of selected manufacturing in Port Harcourt. Correlational survey research design was adopted for this study as this study seek to determine the relationship between the two variables. The population of this study is thirty-two (32) manufacturing companies in Rivers State which are registered with the Rivers State branch of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN). There are only 32 registered firms with MAN in the State. With regard to the respondents of the study given the strategic nature of the study, three key managers (production manager, marketing manager and logistics manager) were chosen as respondents from each using simple random sampling of the thirty-two firms constitute the study subject. This gave us a total of ninety-two (92) for the study. Structured questionnaire instrument title” Supplier relationship management and effectiveness questionnaire was developed on five-point likert scale. The result of the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test indicates .800 which is above .70 which implies that the items are reliable. Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS (statistical package social sciences). The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between Collaborative Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Transactional Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Strategic Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The study concluded that Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of a firm’s supply chain, particularly in the manufacturing industry. In Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study recommended that manufacturing firms should focus on building long-term strategic partnerships with key suppliers based on trust, mutual benefit, and shared goals. This can help in aligning interests, fostering innovation, and creating a competitive advantage.

Myocardial infarction resulting from coronary embolism is a rare type of acute coronary syndrome, often going unnoticed. Distinguishing it from acute coronary syndromes arising from atherosclerosis is important, as it significantly influences the treatment approach. It is frequently associated with conditions that increase the risk of thromboembolism, such as infective endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, mitral valve disease, neoplasia and cardiac surgeries. We would like to present a case of coronary embolism involving a 42-year-old male with a history of rheumatic valve disease and atrial fibrillation who was admitted for acute chest pain. The diagnosis was confirmed through coronary angiography.

In the context of the energy transition, optimizing photovoltaic solar systems with charge controllers plays a crucial role in managing the energy produced by solar panels and its storage in batteries. Two dominant technologies are used in this field: MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of these two technologies, focusing on their efficiency, cost, and suitability for small-scale solar installations, particularly in rural African contexts where budget constraints are significant. The study begins with a detailed literature review, analyzing the operating principles of MPPT and PWM controllers, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and performance under various environmental conditions. Previous studies are examined to identify the conditions under which each type of controller offers the best performance. Empirical data and existing case studies are reviewed to establish a solid comparison base. This analysis is accompanied by tables and graphs illustrating the performance of both types of controllers. Based on the results of this analysis, the paper proposes the design of a PWM charge controller suitable for small solar installations in rural areas with budget constraints. This solution aims to promote energy accessibility while minimizing costs, offering a viable alternative for rural communities with limited resources.

Purpose: This study highlights the clinical and radiological challenges in distinguishing ovarian malignancy from pelvic tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the need for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Background: Pelvic TB, a rare extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in developed countries where it is less prevalent. Its symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, and adnexal masses, can mimic those of ovarian cancer, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Although TB is uncommon in developed nations, it remains a significant global health issue, particularly affecting individuals from endemic regions. Pelvic TB typically spreads to reproductive organs through lymphatic dissemination, direct extension, or hematogenous routes. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, breathlessness, weight loss, and night sweats. She had a history of lung sarcoidosis, recurrent chest infections, and prior TB exposure. Initial imaging suggested advanced ovarian malignancy, but an omental biopsy revealed granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Further tests confirmed disseminated TB, and the patient underwent a 9-month course of anti-tuberculous therapy, which resolved most disseminated TB lesions. However, a persistent complex pelvic cyst required conservative follow-up. Conclusion: Although pelvic TB is rare in developed countries, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses with ascites and elevated CA 125, especially in patients with recurrent chest infections and TB exposure.