Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is also known as giant cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma or giant cell hyperplasia. Clinically, it appear as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. This article reports a peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at mandibular anterior region in a 50 years old male patient. The biopsy specimen revealed features consistent with PGCG.

Perpetual preservation of what is remaining is more important than meticulous reconstruction of what is lost. Preservation and restoration of badly carious or broken tooth possess problems due insufficient remaining tooth support supragingivally and it demands skills and knowledge on different aspects of dentistry. Clinical crown lengthening procedure aim to increase supragingival tooth structure to help in restoration of such teeth. Present report describes preservation of broken tooth with surgical crown lengthening and post core restoration.

Successful management of furcation involved (FI) teeth is still a challenge for clinicians. Multirooted teeth are at higher risk of periodontal destruction and early tooth loss due to their complex anatomy and posterior location in the arch. Maintenance of oral hygiene around furcation involved regions is difficult, resulting in early, rapid and severe periodontal destruction. The outcomes of conservative and regenerative therapies are unpredictable in such teeth. Resective periodontal therapy in combination with endodontic and prosthetic treatments, offers a more practical and predictable approach in management of such advanced FI teeth. This multidisciplinary approach not only treats and preserves the tooth along with its periodontium in part, but also restores its function as a whole. This case series presents bicuspidization, hemisection and root resection as resective periodontal therapy in the predictable and successful management of advanced grade II, grade III and grade IV FI teeth.

This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization depths of two different bulk-fill posterior composite resins and a conventional posterior composite resin with the microhardness test and there with the in vitro cytotoxicity test. For the microhardness test, 10 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. Microhardness values were measured from the top and bottom surfaces of each sample using the Vicker's microhardness test. For the cytotoxicity test, 12 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. The extraction fluids of samples were obtained by incubating them at 37°C in RPMI 1640 medium for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay following incubation. The microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces of composite resins were aligned as follows: Filtek Z550 Composite Resin > Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin > Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin. The microhardness ratio of Filtek Z550 Composite Resin was found to be significantly higher than those of other composite resins when the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios were compared. The difference between the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin and the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin was not statistically significant. However, all composite resins provided the recommended polymerization depth (≥80%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the cytotoxicity values of the composite resins after 24- and 48-h incubation. However, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with the other groups after 72-h incubation. In addition, the cytotoxicity value obtained after 72-h incubation of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin was significantly higher than the cytotoxicity values obtained after 24- and 48-h incubation. Although adequate polymerization depth was obtained in all study groups, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin had significantly reduced cell viability after 72-h incubation.

A newer treatment modality for correction of anterior cross bite with use of acrylic occlusal splint with Z spring has been used, which is easy to fabricate, easy to use and require least patient cooperation. This article describes two cases treated with this appliance in mixed dentition and duration of the treatment noted in these patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted third molars in terms of frequency, angulation, level of eruption and available retromolar space. In this retrospective study, a total of 402 OPGs were finalized. Pattern of impacted third molars was evaluated using WINTERS classification for the angulation and PELL & GREGORY classification for the level of eruption and available retromolar space. Among all the OPGs reviewed, third molar impaction was more prevalent in mandible than in maxilla. The most common angular position was mesioangular in mandible and vertical in maxilla. The most common level of eruption was Position B i.e. the highest position of impacted third molar was located below the occlusal plane but above the cervical line of adjacent second molar. Majority of third molars were impacted at less than adequate space. The current study revealed that the most frequent pattern of impaction according to PELL & GREGORY classification was Class 2B followed by Class 1C.