C-shaped canal configuration is a complex anatomical variation most commonly in mandibular second molars. It is characterized by fused roots and a continuous or semicircular canal system with fins, webs, and interconnections that complicate cleaning, shaping, and obturation. The prevalence of C-shaped canals varies significantly among different populations, with higher incidence reported in Asian groups encountered and frequent bilateral occurrence when present unilaterally. Fan’s classification provides a standardized method to categorize C-shaped canal morphology. Successful management requires modification of conventional endodontic techniques and the use of thermoplastic obturation methods to achieve three-dimensional sealing. This case report describes the nonsurgical management of bilateral continuous C-shaped canals (Fan’s C1 configuration) in mandibular second molars of a 24-year-old male patient using controlled rotary instrumentation up to size 25/.06 followed by single cone obturation technique.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into healthcare systems, including dentistry, where it has applications in diagnosis, treatment planning, digital imaging, and patient communication. Public understanding of AI technologies may influence future adoption of digital healthcare systems; however, awareness of AI applications in oral healthcare among community populations remains inadequately explored. Aim: To assess digital literacy and awareness regarding artificial intelligence technologies in oral healthcare among participants attending a community oral health screening setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 250 participants attending a community oral health screening setting. A structured and validated questionnaire assessed awareness of artificial intelligence, familiarity with AI applications in healthcare and dentistry, and sources of digital health information. Associations between demographic variables and AI awareness were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Awareness regarding artificial intelligence technologies varied among participants. Educational status demonstrated a significant association with AI awareness (p = 0.021), with participants having higher educational attainment exhibiting greater familiarity with AI applications in healthcare. Participants with greater exposure to digital technologies showed improved awareness regarding AI-based healthcare systems. No statistically significant association was observed between age group and AI awareness (p = 0.084). Conclusion: Educational status and digital literacy appear to influence community awareness regarding artificial intelligence technologies in oral healthcare. Improving public familiarity with digital healthcare systems may support future integration of AI-assisted technologies into oral healthcare delivery and patient communication.

A 25-year-old male presented with spacing between the maxillary anterior teeth and a compromised crown on tooth 21 following trauma 5 years prior. Clinical examination revealed an Ellis Class II fracture in tooth 11 and a full-coverage crown on tooth 21 with vital pulp in both teeth. Considering the patient’s esthetic concerns, an indirect restorative approach was planned, involving endodontic treatment of tooth 21, followed by placement of a lithium disilicate (IPS e.max) crown on tooth 21 and a veneer on tooth 11. Treatment included conservative crown removal, root canal therapy, tooth preparation, digital impression, laboratory fabrication, and adhesive cementation of the restorations. The procedure resulted in planned, involving endodontic treatment of tooth 21, followed by placement of a lithium disilicate (IPS e.max) crown on tooth 21 and a veneer on tooth 11. Treatment included conservative crown removal, root canal therapy, tooth preparation, digital impression, laboratory fabrication, and adhesive cementation of the restorations. The procedure resulted in optimal esthetics, proper occlusion, and patient satisfaction. This case highlights the predictable use of lithium disilicate restorations for esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth following trauma.

The fracture of endodontic instruments within root canals remains one of the most challenging and anxiety-provoking complications in clinical endodontic practice. With reported separation rates ranging from 0.25% to 10%, the occurrence of broken instruments demands a systematic, evidence-based approach to management. This review comprehensively examines the etiology and mechanisms of instrument fracture, clinical classification, preoperative assessment strategies. non-surgical and surgical retrieval techniques, risk factors influencing outcomes, complications, and future directions. Drawing from published review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, the article aims to provide clinicians with a structured decision-making framework to optimize treatment outcomes and preserve natural dentition.

Accurate transfer of implant positions is critical for achieving passive fit in full-arch implant-supported prostheses. Photogrammetry has emerged as a promising digital impression technique, offering superior accuracy by eliminating cumulative stitching errors inherent to intraoral scanning. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on photogrammetry technologies for full-arch implant rehabilitation, comparing accuracy, workflow efficiency, clinical outcomes, and limitations against conventional and intraoral scanning methods. Electronic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted (2015-2026). Photogrammetry systems demonstrate significantly superior trueness (10-50 µm) and precision (4-18 µm) compared to intraoral scanning (trueness up to 731.7 µm in full-arch applications). A 2025 meta-analysis confirmed photogrammetry's superior trueness in distance deviation (p = .001) and angular deviation (p = .02). Intraoral photogrammetry achieves comparable accuracy to extraoral systems while capturing soft tissue in a unified scan. Navigated photogrammetry enables conversion-less provisional fabrication. While equipment costs and learning curves remain barriers, emerging smartphone-based systems promise broader accessibility. Photogrammetry represents the most accurate digital method for full-arch implant position capture, with emerging intraoral and navigated systems addressing workflow limitations.

Traumatic dental injuries involving the anterior teeth frequently present as complicated crown fractures, posing challenges in achieving functional and esthetic rehabilitation. Conservative fragment reattachment techniques, reinforced with fiber posts or polyethylene fibers, provide an ultraconservative approach while preserving tooth structure. In this report, two male patients (25 and 42 years old) presented with complicated crown fractures of the maxillary anterior teeth following trauma. Both cases were managed with nonsurgical root canal therapy followed by conservative fragment reattachment. Fiber reinforcement was employed using prefabricated fiber posts in one case and Ribbond polyethylene fiber in the other. Clinical and radiographic evaluation demonstrated stable fragment reattachment, satisfactory esthetic results, and restored occlusal function. Both patients remained asymptomatic on follow-up. These findings suggest that conservative reattachment of fractured tooth fragments using adhesive techniques, combined with fiber reinforcement, is a predictable and effective treatment for complicated crown fractures, ensuring functional stability and optimal esthetic outcomes while preserving natural tooth structure.

Background: Rehabilitation of the posterior atrophic maxilla frequently requires simultaneous management of vertical and horizontal bone deficiencies. While lateral sinus floor elevation remains the most predictable approach for severe vertical atrophy, reconstruction of associated horizontal defects often requires additional bone augmentation procedures, increasing surgical complexity and morbidity. The use of the lateral sinus wall (“sinus bone window”) as an autologous cortical membrane may provide a biologically driven alternative for simultaneous three-dimensional reconstruction. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a sandwich grafting technique using the sinus bone window as an autologous cortical membrane combined with particulate autologous bone and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret®) for the treatment of mixed posterior maxillary atrophy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case series was performed including patients with combined vertical and horizontal posterior maxillary atrophy treated by lateral sinus floor elevation and simultaneous horizontal ridge augmentation using the sinus bone window as a cortical membrane. Clinical records and CBCT scans were reviewed. Horizontal bone gain, implant survival, prosthetic survival, peri-implant marginal bone loss, and complications were analyzed. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results: Sixteen patients (81.3% women; mean age 61.2 ± 11.8 years) with 20 regenerated posterior maxillary sites were included. Initial ridge width increased from 2.11 ± 1.52 mm to 8.46 ± 1.65 mm, representing a mean horizontal gain of 5.35 ± 1.75 mm (172.6% increase; p < 0.001). All regenerated sites achieved sufficient width for implant placement without additional augmentation procedures. Twenty narrow-diameter implants were placed, achieving a mean insertion torque of 34.71 ± 18.25 Ncm. After a mean follow-up of 80.5 ± 3.6 months, implant and prosthetic survival rates were 100%. No surgical complications were recorded. Mean marginal bone loss was 0.73 ± 0.18 mm mesially and 0.85 ± 0.34 mm distally. Conclusions: The use of the sinus bone window as an autologous cortical membrane appears to be a predictable technique for simultaneous horizontal and vertical reconstruction of the posterior maxilla. This approach provides substantial horizontal bone gain, avoids a secondary donor site, facilitates implant placement in severely atrophic ridges, and demonstrates excellent long-term clinical and radiographic stability.