According to Sangiuolo, there are two main methods of replacing the denture base: the first is called relining and the second is called rebasing. Indeed, the term rebasing is defined as, “A process of refitting a denture by the replacement of the denture base material by preserving the same prosthetic teeth“. The main purpose is to re-establish adequate adaptation of the denture base to the bearing area and to preserve the original jaw relations. This technique is mainly indicated in the case of an immediate or late static prosthetic instability induced by physiological or pathological resorption. The approach is the same as the final impression with the obligation to have a well-balanced occlusion with a correct occlusal plane, a valid centric relation with the right vertical dimension. This manuscript attempts to cover most of the common complete denture rebasing indications along with a simple description of clinical and laboratory steps that can any practitioner follow to succeed the prostheses base replacement.

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess and observe the changes in Maximum von Mises stresses in relation to force application during miniscrew placement at two different insertion angles in proximity of PDL under varying magnitudes of load and locations. Methods: Patient specific finite element models of the area of interest involving maxillary 1st molar and 2nd premolar were developed using computed tomography images. An Miniscrew implant surface model derived from micro-computed tomography was placed at three different levels away at regular intervals from the PDL of the premolar. Finite element analysis was conducted with 45 and 90-degree angle on the MSI, with a loading force of 100g and 200g, at a distance of 1mm,1.5mm and 2.0mm from the PDL. Maximum von Mises stresses was calculated at each distance. To explain compressive stress by proximity, load magnitude and different insertion angle stepwise multiple regression models was conducted. Results: The multiple regression models explained the variation of MPa and included all three factors: proximity, load magnitude and angulation. The regression model showed significant interaction between the three factors, proving that lesser angulation & load magnitude and implant position far away from the 2nd premolar PDL could be associated with minimal amount of stresses generated and decreased effect on roots. Conclusion: To safeguard the adjacent roots and periodontal ligament structures the MSI should be placed at 90-degree angulation, with a loading force of 100g and at 2mm from the 2nd premolar’s PDL to produce minimum compressive stresses.

This case report is of a 29 year old female patient who presented with unfavorably impacted maxillary left canine and severely proclined upper and lower dentition. This case was corrected merely by employing simple mechanics with the help of Fixed Orthodontic Mechanotherapy. The patient presented with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and hence needed extraction of all 4 premolars. Since the unfavorably impacted maxillary left canine needed extraction as well, it was decided to not extract the premolar in the 2nd quadrant as the canine extraction in that quadrant would compensate for the space needed for correction of anterior proclination. Hence, 3 premolars and a single canine were extracted in this case. Following fixed orthodontic treatment, marked improvement in patient's smile was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy. The patient was extremely satisfied with the results and there was significant improvement in her smile at the end of the treatment.

Dentistry has remarkable advancements in dental restorative materials, techniques and strategies that are remarkable in many ways. Scientifically proven approaches have proved that implants were esthetically and functionally excellent options for tooth replacement. Restoration of dental implant is considered to be a highly evolved procedure for oral health care considering reserved specialists and requires training beyond the regular dental school curriculum. Considering these important facts, a thorough knowledge of maxillary sinus anatomy in the edentulous patient is very much required for placement of successful maxillary sinus implants and the changes occurring in it periodically due course with no replacement. Treatment planning is very crucial considering the events occurring in dimensional changes in the maxillary sinus for successful implant placements and prognosis. The current study focuses on physical and physiological events occurring in the maxillary sinus due to a lack of prosthesis.

Background: Dental attendance is one of the core indicators of oral health evaluation and awareness. Oral health has been demonstrated to be an integral component of general health, with a serious impact on quality of life and overall well-being. There are diverse reasons why patients seek dental care. Pain, bad breath (halitosis), tooth mobility, routine check-up, swelling, trauma and aesthetics are some major reasons for which patients attend out-patient dental clinic. Objective: This study seeks to determine the demographics of patients’ attendance and distribution of their presenting complaints in a Nigerian tertiary dental centre. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out at the Dental Centre of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria. The data was obtained from the Oral Diagnosis clinic attendance register and were those who, presented with new complaints to the Oral Diagnosis clinic, over a period of one year spanning July 2016 to June 2017. Data such as patients’ age group, gender and presenting complaint(s) were retrieved from the register and recorded on data forms, categorizing their dental complaints into ten (10) categories. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics such as proportions were expressed as percentages. Data was presented in tables and charts. Results: A total of 3836 patients attended the Oral diagnosis clinic over the study period but only 3636 patients who had their data complete were included in this study. More female patients, 1970 (54.2%) than male patients 1666, (45.8%) attended the clinic. People in the third and fourth decade of life accounted for the highest proportion seeking dental care, being 19.9% and 18.3% respectively. This is closely followed by those in the fifth decade (14.0%), and then, those aged below 20 years of age, who together accounted for 34.6%. Pain was the major complaint among patients attending the LASUTH Dental Clinic, accounting for 55.2%, followed by routine check-up/prophylaxis which accounted for 10.6%. Discussion: The female preponderance of patients seeking dental care is consistent with other studies within and outside Africa [1, 2]. This may not be unconnected with self- consciousness, typically associated with women. It has been previously observed that self -perception of need, particularly perceived severity of complaint, may inform utilization of oral health services [1, 3]. While some authors have corroborated that people within the third and fourth decade comprise the highest proportion of those who seek dental care, others have Shown that though they form the age-group that may perceive the need but attend dental clinic less [4]. Similar to our study, pain is noted to account for as much as 60% to 72% of reasons for dental attendance in other African studies [2, 3]. Unlike in developed countries who record between 40% to 80% of routine dental visits among adults [1], our study reveal a dismal 10.6% for routine visits of all attending dental patients. Conclusion: Dental-related pain remains a significant reason for patients seeking dental care. There’s relative oral health awareness in the Lagos metropolis and its feeder areas. Oral health education should be intensified and targeted at adolescents and young adults who are likely to inculcate lifelong health-seeking habits.

The rehabilitation of the completely edentulous patients with resorbed ridges has always been a challenge for the daily practitioner. Treatment of edentulism utilizing dental implants, instead of conventional dentures, represents an established therapy and has been shown to ameliorate patient satisfaction, masticatory efficiency, and oral health-related quality of life. The immediate implant placement and immediate loading protocol have become more and more popular because of the increasing demands of a shortened treatment time. This case report describes the steps of a predictable and reliable technique, used to rehabilitate an edentulous and resorbed maxillary arch by using the immediate loading protocol combined with bone augmentation.

Aim: To review different methods determining the width and proportion of the maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and methods: The relevant articles were obtained from the databases of PubMed, Medline, Google scholar and Scopus index by searching keywords “Esthetic dental proportion,” “Esthetic dental measurement.” and “Esthetic dental proportion and esthetic dental measurement in smile designing” Results: The present review explains the different methods of esthetic dental proportion and measurements to obtain the adequate width of the maxillary incisors. These play a pivotal role in smile designing. The present review also explains various clinical studies which compared different methods under varied clinical instances and gave proper application of each proportion proposed. The present review also explains the upper smile line and the lower smile line in the smile design to obtain a more esthetically pleasing smile. Conclusion: The method used for determining the adequate method of proportion varies among different individuals based on the clinical aspects. The smile line is an important factor to be considered that comprises a natural esthetic smile.

Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a non-neoplastic condition in which a normal bone architecture is replaced with cemento-osseous tissue. It is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws associated to root apexes and containing amorphous calcifications which would correspond to cementum. They are classified, according to their extent and radiological appearance, into three main groups: peri-apical, Florida and focal cementitious dysplasia. Moreover, two forms can be described for Florida cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD): symptomatic, which is the most frequent, and asymptomatic. The treatment differs according to the form. Indeed, in case of symptomatic lesions, surgical management can cause the loss of interrupting substance. It must be completed by a prosthetic rehabilitation that allows the patient to resume his mandibular functions, especially mastication. In our work and through a clinical case, we will highlight the steps of the prosthetic rehabilitation of a loss of non-interruptive mandibular substance following the removal of a bone sequester caused by cemento-osseous dysplasia.

Background: Gingival overgrowths has been well reported, however its behavior has not received much research attention in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and distribution of gingival overgrowths in a cosmopolitan city in Nigeria in a retrospective study of 140 patients seen between 2006 and 2020 at the Dental centre of the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital Ikeja Lagos Nigeria. Histopathologic reports were accessed from the Oral Pathology department of the same institution. The demographics and distribution of the lesions were noted from the records. SPSS 21 was used, descriptive statistics was carried out for both continuous and categorical variables. Relationship between the diagnoses and the independent variables, and also of tooth mobility were carried out using Pearson’s chi square, significance was determined at p≤0.05. Female/male ratio was 2.2:1 and mean age was 36.6±17.7. Prevalence of gingival overgrowth was highest among the 31-40 year olds. The anterior sextant of the maxilla and the buccal/labial location were commonest sites. Pyogenic granuloma has the highest prevalence of 62.9%, 57.2% of the lesions were pedunculated while 38.6% were associated with tooth mobility. There is statistically significant relationship between the histological diagnoses and the age groups, nature of the lesions and tooth mobility (p<0.05). Pyogenic granuloma was higher in this study than elsewhere, the strong relationship with age, high rate of recurrence of some and malignant lesions which may mimick reactive gingival lesions regardless of the age of the patients seen in this study demands further research and careful note in diagnosis and management.